高二英語(yǔ)選修6 Grammar[虛擬語(yǔ)氣] 課件

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1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，虛擬語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示說(shuō)話人說(shuō)的話表示說(shuō)話人說(shuō)的話與事實(shí)不符與事實(shí)不符，是一種是一種假設(shè)、愿望，猜測(cè)假設(shè)、愿望，猜測(cè)。If If 條件句中的運(yùn)用條件句中的運(yùn)用情況情況條件從句中謂語(yǔ)條件從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式動(dòng)詞形式主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式1)1)與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反2)2)與與過(guò)去過(guò)去事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反3)3)與與將來(lái)將來(lái)事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be(be用用werewere，適用，適用于各種人稱于各種人稱) )should (would, could, should (would, could, might) +m

2、ight) +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形had + had + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞should ( would, could, should ( would, could, might) + have + might) + have + 過(guò)去過(guò)去分詞分詞1)1)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2)should + 2)should + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形3)were + to do3)were + to doshould (would, could, should (would, could, might) +might) +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形1)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反如果我有時(shí)間，我如果我有時(shí)間，我現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在就和你

3、去電影院。就和你去電影院。 2 )與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 如果我今晚見(jiàn)到他，我將會(huì)讓你知道的。如果我今晚見(jiàn)到他，我將會(huì)讓你知道的。3) 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反如果我昨天見(jiàn)了你的話，我會(huì)告訴你這件事的。如果我昨天見(jiàn)了你的話，我會(huì)告訴你這件事的。If I had time, I would go to the cinema with you now.If I saw him tonight, I should let you know.If I had met you yesterday, I should have told you about it.4） 注意錯(cuò)綜虛擬注意錯(cuò)綜虛擬(

4、 (錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句) )：-主句和從句的動(dòng)作主句和從句的動(dòng)作不是發(fā)生在同一時(shí)間不是發(fā)生在同一時(shí)間，其動(dòng)，其動(dòng)詞形式要根據(jù)時(shí)間而定。詞形式要根據(jù)時(shí)間而定。a.如果你早聽(tīng)醫(yī)生的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好多了如果你早聽(tīng)醫(yī)生的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好多了。 b.如果那時(shí)沒(méi)有你的幫助的話，我現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)成如果那時(shí)沒(méi)有你的幫助的話，我現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)成功了。功了。If you had listened to the doctors advice, you would be better now.If it hadnt been for your help then, I would not succeed now

5、.5） 若若省去省去if,則須將助動(dòng)詞則須將助動(dòng)詞_提前，進(jìn)行部分倒裝。提前，進(jìn)行部分倒裝。were, should, had =Should he act like that again, he would be fired immediately. If you were the manager here, what would you do?=Were you the manager here, what would you do? If you had come a little earlier, you would have seen her. =Had you come a lit

6、tle earlier, you would have seen her.If he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately.6 6） 含蓄條件句含蓄條件句But for your advice, I _it so successfully.The change_ without the open-door policy.I was so busy then; Otherwise, I _him the answercould not have donecould not have taken placewould h

7、ave told有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示出來(lái)有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示出來(lái),二是暗含在上下文中二是暗含在上下文中,比如通過(guò)介詞短語(yǔ)比如通過(guò)介詞短語(yǔ)but for，without，otherwise來(lái)表示來(lái)表示.2.wish, if only, as if/ as though, would 2.wish, if only, as if/ as though, would rather, should prefer + rather, should prefer + 從句中虛擬得運(yùn)用：從句中虛擬得運(yùn)用：過(guò)去時(shí)虛擬現(xiàn)在，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)虛擬過(guò)過(guò)去時(shí)虛擬現(xiàn)在，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)虛擬過(guò)去去 1）.

8、wish 賓語(yǔ)從句中：賓語(yǔ)從句中：I wish you _tomorrow.(come)How I wish I _to the moon.(fly)I wish I _her address.(remember)She wishes she _before.(know me)could comecould fly rememberedhad known me2）. if only If only we _each other again. (see)If only I _to his advice. (listen)could seehad listened3）. as if / as th

9、ough He speaks English as if he _a foreigner.(be)She talked about it as if he _with his own eyes.(see)lThe clouds are so thick as if_.(rain)werehad seenit is going to rain4）. would rather/should prefer 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句Id rather you _tomorrow.(come)Id rather I _him yesterday.(see)camehad seen3.suggest (3.sug

10、gest (建議建議), insist, demand, desire, ), insist, demand, desire, order, request, advise, recommend, requireorder, request, advise, recommend, require等詞后加等詞后加賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句及其對(duì)應(yīng)的及其對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞所引導(dǎo)的名詞所引導(dǎo)的從句從句以及以及It Its suggested/insisted thats suggested/insisted that 從句從句中中應(yīng)使用應(yīng)使用(should) do(should) do (1)媽媽堅(jiān)持說(shuō)我感冒了而且堅(jiān)

11、持讓我去看醫(yī)生，媽媽堅(jiān)持說(shuō)我感冒了而且堅(jiān)持讓我去看醫(yī)生，但我堅(jiān)持說(shuō)我沒(méi)病。但我堅(jiān)持說(shuō)我沒(méi)病。(2)The boss put forward some advice that_(3)Its suggested that he_.(go home)Mother insisted that I had caught a cold and that I go to see the doctor but I insisted that I was not ill.the work be started at once.should go home他必須立即還那本詞典。他必須立即還那本詞典。 我們學(xué)好英語(yǔ)

12、是非常重要的。我們學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是非常重要的。It is important that we study English well.4.在在 It is strange/ natural / important / necessary that sb (should) doIt is necessary that he return the dictionary immediately. 5.Its (high) time sb did/sb. should do sth Its high time you should get up.Its high time you got up.你該起床了。你

13、該起床了。I I_ _to you as soon as I got to you as soon as I got there, but I was too busy to do so. there, but I was too busy to do so. = I= I _ _to you as soon as I to you as soon as I got theregot there， but I was too busy to do so. but I was too busy to do so.6. 6. 含有含有“希望、打算、期望希望、打算、期望”等意義的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)等意義的動(dòng)詞

14、的過(guò)去式之后去式之后(expected, hoped, intended, meant, (expected, hoped, intended, meant, promised, should/would like) + to have donepromised, should/would like) + to have done，表，表示希望、打算、期望做的事沒(méi)有做。這些動(dòng)詞的示希望、打算、期望做的事沒(méi)有做。這些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成式后接不定式的一般式過(guò)去完成式后接不定式的一般式也表達(dá)同樣的意也表達(dá)同樣的意思。思。我原想一到那兒就給你寫(xiě)信，但我太忙了，我原想一到那兒就給你寫(xiě)信，但我太忙了，就沒(méi)有寫(xiě)

15、。就沒(méi)有寫(xiě)。meant to have writtenmeant to have writtenhad meant to writehad meant to write7：虛擬語(yǔ)氣表祝愿：虛擬語(yǔ)氣表祝愿： 1）may+v.原形原形 May you be happy! 2) Long live the King(friendship)!8.目的狀語(yǔ)從句里的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：目的狀語(yǔ)從句里的虛擬語(yǔ)氣： 1）in order that/so that接的從句中現(xiàn)在時(shí)接的從句中現(xiàn)在時(shí)用用may,can,will+v.原形；過(guò)去時(shí)用原形；過(guò)去時(shí)用could,should,might+v.原形原形 2）for f

16、ear that,in case, lest(以免以免)引導(dǎo)目引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的狀語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣e.g. He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain. To be frank, Id rather you had not been involved in the case.1.1.坦白說(shuō)坦白說(shuō), ,我寧愿我寧愿(would rather)(would rather)你沒(méi)有介入你沒(méi)有介入(be (be involved in)involved in)這個(gè)案子。這個(gè)案子。2.2.我們本來(lái)希望我們本來(lái)希望(had hope

17、d)(had hoped)創(chuàng)辦自己的公司，但創(chuàng)辦自己的公司，但 我們沒(méi)有足夠的錢。我們沒(méi)有足夠的錢。We had hoped to start our own company, but we never had enough money. Super-translator:Super-translator:3.3.老師勸（建議）我們?cè)趨⒂^博物館時(shí)盡可能老師勸（建議）我們?cè)趨⒂^博物館時(shí)盡可能 （as as)as as)地聚精會(huì)神地聚精會(huì)神(attentive)(attentive)。Our teacher advised that we be as attentive as possible w

18、hen visiting the museum.4.4.有人提議有人提議(propose)(propose)這個(gè)問(wèn)題在下一次會(huì)議上這個(gè)問(wèn)題在下一次會(huì)議上討論。討論。It was proposed that the matter (should) be It was proposed that the matter (should) be discussed at the next meeting.discussed at the next meeting.5. 5. 申請(qǐng)表申請(qǐng)表務(wù)請(qǐng)務(wù)請(qǐng)(necessary/essential)(necessary/essential)在截止日期在截止日期(d

19、eadline)(deadline)前送回。前送回。It was essential that the application forms It was essential that the application forms (should ) be sent back before the deadline.(should ) be sent back before the deadline.Grammar in use:Grammar in use:BCCDB; CADDB;BCCDB; CADDB;CBBBB; BACDC;CBBBB; BACDC;BDCBDC1.-Why didnt

20、 you buy the recorder? -I _but I couldnt afford the money. A.would B. would like to C.would have D.had bought2.He would gain weight, but he _much. A.doesnt eat B.didnt eat C.hadnt eaten D.had eaten3.Heres some money in case you _it. A.should need B.needed C.needing D.to need4.A good doctor saved him

21、, or else he _. A. must have died B.must die C. may have died D.might have diedCAAD5. He insisted that everyone _ a copy of the song book. A.have B.had C.has D.to have6._the friendship between us last forever! A.Could B.Will C.May D.Wish7._your timely treatment, I would have died. A.For all B.Instea

22、d of C.But for D.Owing to 8.Its about time you _the pills. A.will take B.should take C.must take D.takenACCB9.It is necessary that pollution _. A.be got rid of B.get rid of C.would be got rid of D.to be got rid of 10.It is natural that he _feel lonely. A.could B.might C.would D./11.Your advice that

23、she _till next week is reasonable. A.will wait B.is going to wait C.waits D.wait12.We accepted the suggestion that the meeting _till next week. A.will be put off B.be put off C.must be out off D.is put offADDB13. If it _rain, we _wet. A.were to ; should get B.were; would C.had; would have got D.was

24、going to; would get14.Id rather you _ tomorrow. A.would not come B.didnt come C.hadnt come D.wont come15.I dont know the man. I wish I _him. A.know B.will know C.have know D.knew16.How I wish it _ now! A.were not raining B.is not raining C.not rain D.should not rainABDA17. When a pencil is partly in

25、 a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken18. It is suggested that a plan _ right now. A.is made B.is to be made C.had been made D.be made19.The expression on her face suggested that she _very excited at the news. A.were B.is C.has been D.was20.If it were not for the fact that you _busy, wed like to invite you to join us now. A.be B.are C.were D.beingCDDB