高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二篇 閱讀技能探究 專題三 閱讀理解 第2講 推理判斷題課件.ppt

《高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二篇 閱讀技能探究 專題三 閱讀理解 第2講 推理判斷題課件.ppt》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二篇 閱讀技能探究 專題三 閱讀理解 第2講 推理判斷題課件.ppt（46頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

第2講推理判斷題 考點(diǎn)1細(xì)節(jié)推斷類 典例 2015 浙江高考 D片段 Evenso partofmecontinuedtoresentwalkingduty JoeandBeckyhadpromised Notfair I dbalk 不心甘情愿地做 silentlyassheandIwalked Notfair I dloudlyremindanyonewithinearshotuponourreturnhome Thenoneday January1 2007 tobeexact myhusband sdoctorutteredanunthinkableword leukemia 白血病 Withthat IspenteighttotenhoursadaywithJoeinthehospital doinganythingandeverythingIcouldtoeasehisdiscomfort Duringthosesixmonthsofhospitalizations Becky 12atthetime adjustedtootheradultsbeinginthehousewhenshereturnedfromschool Myworkcolleaguesadjustedtomytakingoffatamoment snoticeformedicalemergencies Everypartofmylifechanged nopartofmyoldroutineremained Q Thestorycametoitsturningpointwhen A Joediedin2009B Joefellillin2007C thewriterbegantowalkthedogD thedogtriedtopleasethewriter 解題思路 速讀文章 試找出相關(guān)的信息句 并突出關(guān)鍵詞 嘗試解答 Thenoneday January1 2007 tobeexact myhusband sdoctor utteredanunthinkableword leukemia 白血病 Everypartofmy lifechanged nopartofmyoldroutineremained B 解題技巧 1 字斟句酌 明內(nèi)涵根據(jù)文章提供的具體事實(shí) 抓住文章中的具體細(xì)節(jié) 如時(shí)間 地點(diǎn) 人物關(guān)系 人物身份 事件等 并結(jié)合生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷 重點(diǎn)是合理把握其內(nèi)在關(guān)系 理解其真正的含義 做出正確的判斷 2 常見命題方式題干中一般有knowabout learnfrom等詞語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)2邏輯推斷類 典例 2015 江蘇高考 C片段 Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime Toanswerthisquestion researchershaveconductedfollow upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime Forinstance onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou itleads toimportantpracticaladvice Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview volunteer asanimportantsocialrole Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrolematteredbyrespondingtostatementssuchas VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartofwhoIam Consistentwiththeresearchers expectations theyfoundapositivecorrelation 正相關(guān) betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedto volunteer Theseresults onceagain leadtoconcreteadvice Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering continuedeffortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity ItemslikeT shirtsthatallowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenroleidentity Q Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork A Individualdifferencesinroleidentity B PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT shirts C D Practicaladvicefromresearchers 我來(lái)命題 1 速讀文章 試找出相關(guān)的信息句 并突出關(guān)鍵詞 2 請(qǐng)根據(jù)該題選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)將找到的信息改編成選項(xiàng)C theyfoundapositivecorrelationbetweenthestrengthofroleidentity andthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer Roleidentityasavolunteer 解題技巧 1 邏輯關(guān)聯(lián) 得結(jié)論 抓與之相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵信息 進(jìn)行正向或逆向思維 推斷出其隱含的深層含義 整合全文或全段信息 進(jìn)行綜合判斷 確定最佳選項(xiàng) 根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系 進(jìn)行實(shí)事求是的判斷 得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論 而不是僅僅根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn) 觀點(diǎn)或愛好去做出判斷 2 常見命題方式題干中一般有infer conclude intend mean suggest imply indicate等實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 還有表達(dá)推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can could might would等 可能還包括表示可能性的副詞probably possibly等及形容詞likely等 考點(diǎn)3觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類 典例 2014 福建高考 E片段 Againstthisbackground thefactthatthereisanargumentwithintheGovernmentoverwhethertopublishanofficialreportonwindfarms impactonthecountrysidebecomesevenmoreextraordinary Thetwopartiesinthecoalition 聯(lián)合 governmentareindisagreementoverwhatitshouldsay Wehavesomeadviceforthetwoparties publishthereport andletthecountrybethejudge Evenifitcontainsevidencethatwindfarmsareharmful itwillhardlybeapleasantsurprisetopeoplewhodonotlikethem Equally supportersmustarguetheircasebyacknowledgingtheconcernsandexplainingwhytheyareeithermisplacedorworthyofmuchattention Thesuggestionthatfurthernegotiationsaretotakeplacetoproducean acceptable reportsuggeststhatthepoliticsofcoalitiongovernmentaredoingthecountryharminacertainway Giventhesensitivitiesinvolved alltheinformationshouldbeavailablesothatpeoplecanreachtheirownconclusions ratherthanbeingleftwiththesuspicion 猜疑 thatfactsarebeingreplacedbypoliticalbeliefs Q Whichofthefollowingreflectstheauthor sopinion A Increasepoliticalimpactonenergypolicy B Releaseastatementofsupportersonwindfarms C Letthenationjudgethefactsaboutwindpower D Leavethetwopartiestoreachtheirownconclusions 解題思路 速讀文章 試找出相關(guān)的信息句 并標(biāo)出關(guān)鍵詞 嘗試解答 Wehavesomeadviceforthetwoparties publishthereport andlet thecountrybethejudge C 解題技巧 1 忠于措辭 定選項(xiàng)文章作者或文中人物對(duì)某事物所持的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度往往隱含在文章的字里行間或流露于修飾詞之中 注意文中作者或人物的措辭 正確掌握字里行間所隱含或流露的意思 切不可用自己的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)代替作者或人物的觀點(diǎn) 留意那些描寫所處氛圍的語(yǔ)言及表達(dá)情感 態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)或句子 結(jié)合平時(shí)所積累的有關(guān)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化傳統(tǒng) 風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等的背景知識(shí)來(lái)進(jìn)行合理的推斷 2 常見命題方式題干中一般有attitude opinion think believe thinkabout等詞語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)4目的意圖類 典例 2014 大綱版全國(guó)卷 E片段 Afterprovinghecouldbecomeayoungherobysavingababyfromarunawaycar Banksgetshisfirstrealtask Hemustmakefriendswithapopulargirlatschool NatalieConnors Then hemustspyonherfather ascientistwhohasdevelopedadangeroustechnology 技術(shù) BanksmuststopagroupofbadpeoplefromforcingNatalie sfatherintousingthetechnologytoendangertheworld TheCIAmayhavetaughthimfirst classself defencemoves buttheydidn tshowhimhowtotalktogirls Bankshaszeroabilitywhenitcomestodealingwithgirls Howcanhegetaroundhisproblemandgetaninvitationtothegirl supcomingbirthdayparty WillhefinallybecomeNatalie sboyfriendandfindoutwhateverhecanaboutherfather swork AgentCodyBankshaseverythingthatyoungpeopleareinterestedin bigexplosions breath takingperformancesandfunnygirl datingexperiences ItwaslistedNo 2intheAmericanboxofficelastweek Thisstoryisinterestingandfunforthewholefamilytoenjoy andespeciallycoolforyoungboys saidPaulPerkins afilmreviewerintheUS Q Whatisthepurposeofthetext A MakingknowntheworkoftheCIA B Tellingthestoryaboutacoolboy C Showingthedarksideofscience D Introducinganewfilm 解題思路 速讀文章 結(jié)合文體特點(diǎn)試找出相關(guān)的信息句并標(biāo)出與目的意圖有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ) 嘗試解答 Thisstoryisinterestingandfunforthewholefamilytoenjoy and especiallycoolforyoungboys saidPaulPerkins afilmreviewerin theUS D 解題技巧 1 文體特點(diǎn) 求突破 記敘文 一般會(huì)在首段或尾段呈現(xiàn)出高度概括的總結(jié)性的語(yǔ)言 且往往有一定的哲理性 所有的敘述都是圍繞該哲理展開 廣告類應(yīng)用文 文章中有對(duì)某種物品或服務(wù)的詳盡介紹 使用具有明顯支持傾向的語(yǔ)言 說(shuō)明文 寫作目的有賴于對(duì)文章主旨的把握 閱讀時(shí)需要找準(zhǔn)主題句 議論文 提出論點(diǎn) 進(jìn)行論證 得出結(jié)論 作者的目的意圖往往隱含于最后一部分中 2 常見命題方式題干中一般有purpose wanttotell inorderto等詞語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)5文章出處或讀者對(duì)象類 典例 2014 安徽高考 A PersonalRobotMakeyourparentsandteachershappy Areyouhavingproblemsfinishingyourhomeworkontime Doyouavoidtidyingyourroomuntilyourmomshoutsatyou Youdon tneedtoworryifyoubuyaMrHelpingHandpersonalrobot MrHcanbeprogrammedtoorganizeyourhomework Yourownpersonalrobotwillfollowyouaround puttingawaybooksandobjectsthatyouhaveleftonthefloororbed MrHalsohasthesefeatures 特點(diǎn) weighsonly500grams includeslong lastingbatteries comeswitha5 yearguarantee rememberssimpleinstructionsOriginally 最初 soldfor 499NOWONLY 299BUYNOW WATCHCONTROLThisisawatchthatJamesBondwouldbeproudtowear ThisisNOTawatchforordinarypeople YourelectronicPENGOWATCHCONTROL actsasaremotecontrolforTVsandvideos givesyouadailyweatherforecast remindsyouwhentohandinyourhomework setsoffasilentwarningalarmwhenparentsorteachersarenear Besides yourPENGOWATCHCONTROLwillalwaystellyouthetimeaccurately Originallysoldfor 199NOWONLY 99Forfurtherinformation clickhere Q Wherewouldyoubemostlikelytofindthetwotexts A Onanoticeboard B Inacompanybrochure C Onateenagewebsite D Inacollegenewspaper 解題思路 速讀文章 結(jié)合文章語(yǔ)言特色試找出最能體現(xiàn)文章出處的專用詞匯 嘗試解答 BUYNOW Forfurtherinformation clickhere C 解題技巧 1 專用詞匯 做判斷考生本身要具備一定的常識(shí) 把文章的內(nèi)容與自己所具備的常識(shí)結(jié)合起來(lái)做出正確的判斷 如要對(duì)報(bào)紙 雜志 網(wǎng)絡(luò) 小說(shuō) 童話 廣告 說(shuō)明書 旅游指南 藥品說(shuō)明 操作指南等文章的語(yǔ)言特色 特別是其專用詞匯有基本的了解 根據(jù)文章的語(yǔ)言特色和其專用詞匯對(duì)號(hào)入座 快速選出最佳答案 2 常見命題方式Thepassagewouldprobablybefoundin Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom outof Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom 誤區(qū)糾偏 具有下列特點(diǎn)的選項(xiàng)不可作為正確選項(xiàng) 1 原文明確提到的信息 而不是需要考生進(jìn)行推斷的信息 2 語(yǔ)言表達(dá)正確 卻與題干要求或文章內(nèi)容不相符 3 推理過于絕對(duì) 結(jié)論過于片面 與生活常識(shí)明顯不相符 4 內(nèi)容部分正確 部分錯(cuò)誤 5 符合常識(shí) 但文中沒有信息支持 考點(diǎn)6篇章結(jié)構(gòu)類 典例 2015 重慶高考 D Therearemanyplacestogoonsafari 觀賞野生動(dòng)物 inAfrica butridingahorsethroughthefloodedwatersofBotswana sOkavangoDeltamustrankasoneoftheworld smostexcitingwildlifejourneys Severalsafaricampsoperateasthebaseforthisadventure providinguniqueridestwiceadaytoexploredeepintothedelta Thecampshaveexcellenthorses professionalguidesandlotsofsupportworkers Theyhaveareputationforprovidingagreatridingexperience Themorningride whentheguidestakeyoutobeautiful shallowlakesfullofwaterlilies tendstobemoreactive Itisunlikeanyotherridingexperience Withrainbowsforminginthesplashingwateraroundyouandthesoundofhugedropsofwaterbouncingoffyourbodyandface itistrulyexciting Youareverylikelytocomeacrosslargewildanimals too Onhorsebackitispossibletogetquiteclosetoelephants giraffesandmanyotheranimals Thesenseofexcitementandtensionlevelsrisesuddenlythough asdoesyourheartrate asyoumoveclosertothem Intheevening ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace withgoldenlightstreamingacrossthegrassydeltaandtheanimalscomingouttoeatanddrink Sedatethoughtheyare ridesatthistimeofdayarestillveryimpressive Asthesun srayspassthroughthedustkickedupbythehorses theromanceofAfricacomestolife Backatthecampyoucankickoffyourbootsandenjoyexcellentfoodandwine Lookingbackonyourday youwillfindithardtodenythatahorsebacksafariisascloseasyouwillevercometoansweringthecallofthewild Q TheauthorintroducedtheridingexperienceintheOkavangoDeltamainlyby A followingspaceorderB followingtimeorderC makingclassificationsD givingexamples 解題思路 速讀文章 找出體現(xiàn)作者寫作思路的信息句并標(biāo)出關(guān)鍵詞 嘗試解答 Themorningride whentheguidestakeyoutobeautiful shallow lakesfullofwaterlilies tendstobemoreactive Intheevening ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurried pace withgoldenlightstreamingacrossthegrassydeltaandthe animalscomingouttoeatanddrink Backatthecampyoucankickoffyourbootsandenjoyexcellent foodandwine B 解題技巧 1 寫作思路 辨結(jié)構(gòu)此類題型考查在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)所描述事件的發(fā)展順序 所說(shuō)明事物的結(jié)構(gòu)層次或在論證觀點(diǎn)過程中使用的論證方法進(jìn)行推理 分析 判斷 總結(jié)的能力 準(zhǔn)確把握作者的寫作思路尤為重要 通常的寫作方法有 按事件發(fā)展的順序 按時(shí)間的先后順序 按地點(diǎn)或空間轉(zhuǎn)移的變換 按內(nèi)容的總分關(guān)系 按人物的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容 2 解題步驟一讀 通讀全文或全段 二想 想一想每一句或每一段的主要意思及表達(dá)方式 三歸 把一些內(nèi)容相同或關(guān)系密切的段落并在一起 四選 選出符合篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的正確答案 3 常見命題方式Howisthetext paragraphorganized Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby Thepassageismainlydevelopedintheorderof 文體鏈接 一 議論文的分類1 立論文 以議論為主要表達(dá)方式 通過講事實(shí) 擺道理 直接表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)和主張的文章體裁 1 要對(duì)論述的問題有正確的看法 2 用充足的有說(shuō)服力的論據(jù) 3 要言之有理 合乎邏輯 2 駁論文 針對(duì)對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)加以批駁 在批駁的同時(shí)闡述己方的觀點(diǎn) 1 提出論點(diǎn) 2 證明論點(diǎn) 3 總結(jié)論點(diǎn) 二 議論文的解題技巧1 緊扣文章的論點(diǎn) 論點(diǎn)是議論文的中心和主題 抓住論點(diǎn)就抓住了主題 2 理解文章的論證過程 明確作者所使用的論證方法是歸納 類推和演繹中的哪一種 3 抓住論證中表示因果 遞進(jìn) 轉(zhuǎn)折等邏輯關(guān)系的信息詞 4 通過作者使用的表達(dá)贊同 反對(duì)等感情色彩的形容詞 副詞或表達(dá) 辨別作者的立場(chǎng)和態(tài)度