2019-2020年高考英語二輪復習 題型技法指導專題四 完形填空.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復習 題型技法指導專題四 完形填空 真題試做 A （xx陜西高考） One sunny afternoon，a sevenyearold girl went for a walk.She crossed a large area of grassland into the woods __1__she realised that she was lost. Sitting on a rock and __2__ what to do，she began crying.After a while，she __3__ to walk along a wide path lined with tall trees and thick bushes.__4__ it was getting dark，she saw a small，dark wooden house.She opened the door and __5__ stepped in.Suddenly，she heard a strange noise，and she ran out the door and back to the __6__.Cold and tired，she fell asleep near a __7__. The girls parents were out and her dog，Laddy，was at home.Laddy __8__ that his mistress（女主人）was in danger.He jumped __9__ a window，breaking the glass.He looked in the fields，but he couldnt find his mistress anywhere.However，from the ground came a __10__ scent（氣味）as he lowered his head.He __11__ the scent and walked across the grassland.Barking __12__ into the air，the dog __13__ through the woods until he found the __14__.But the girl was not there，so he headed back to the woods.Much to his __15__，he saw his mistress blue shirt in the distance.He __16__ over some bushes and saw the little stream，where the girl was __17__. When she opened her eyes and __18__ her dog standing beside her，the girl said，“you __19__ me，Laddy，”and she kissed him several times.Seeing their daughter and dog ing back，the parents burst into tears of __20__.That night Laddy had a heros supper：a huge meal of steak. 1．A．before B．since C．while D．a(chǎn)s 2．A.wondering B．forgetting C．remembering D．regretting 3．A．preferred B．expected C．failed D．decided 4．A．When B．Until C．If D．Because 5．A.carelessly B．cautiously C．hopelessly D．unwillingly 6．A．trees B．bushes C．woods D．grasses 7．A．stream B．rock C．tree D．house 8．A．found B．sensed C．heard D．smelt 9．A．a(chǎn)t B．through C．in D．onto 10．A．terrible B．strange C．pleasant D．familiar 11．A．missed B．discovered C．followed D．ignored 12．A．calmly B．loudly C．merrily D．gently 13．A．searched B．wandered C．looked D．travelled 14．A．window B．girl C．house D．hero 15．A．satisfaction B．disappointment C．embarrassment D．delight 16．A．jumped B．climbed C．walked D．flew 17．A．a(chǎn)wake B．a(chǎn)bandoned C．a(chǎn)vailable D．a(chǎn)sleep 18．A．spotted B．watched C．observed D．saw 19．A．disturbed B．forted C．rescued D．scared 20．A．pain B．shock C．sorrow D．relief B （xx課標全國高考） Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！It speaks __1__ than words.According to specialists，our bodies send out more __2__ than we realize.In fact，nonverbal（非言語）munication takes up about 50% of what we really __3__.And body language is particularly __4__ when we attempt to municate across cultures.Indeed，what is called body language is so __5__ a part of us that its actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.__6__，different societies treat the __7__ between people differently.Northern Europeans usually do not like having __8__ contact（接觸）even with friends，and certainly not with __9__.People from Latin American countries，__10__，touch each other quite a lot.Therefore，its possible that in __11__，it may look like a Latino is __12__ a Norwegian all over the room.The Latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving __13__.The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep __14__—which the Latino will in return regard as __15__. Clearly，a great deal is going on when people __16__.And only a part of it is in the words themselves.And when parties are from __17__ cultures，theres a strong possibility of __18__.But whatever the situation，the best __19__ is to obey the Golden Rule：treat others as you would like to be __20__. 1．A．straighter B．louder C．harder　 D．further 2．A．sounds　 B．invitations C．feelings　 D．messages 3．A．hope　 B．receive C．discover　 D．mean 4．A．immediate　 B．misleading C．important　 D．difficult 5．A．well　 B．far C．much D．long 6．A．For example B．Thus C．However　 D．In short 7．A．trade　 B．distance C．connections　 D．greetings 8．A．eye B．verbal C．bodily D．telephone 9．A．strangers B．relatives C．neighbours　 D．enemies 10．A．in other words　 B．on the other hand C．in a similar way　 D．by all means 11．A．trouble　 B．conversation C．silence D．experiment 12．A．disturbing B．helping C．guiding D．following 13．A．closer B．faster C．in D．a(chǎn)way 14．A．stepping forward B．going on C．backing away　 D．ing out 15．A．weakness B．carelessness C．friendliness D．coldness 16．A．talk B．travel C．laugh D．think 17．A．different B．European C．Latino D．rich 18．A．curiosity B．excitement C．misunderstanding D．nervousness 19．A．chance B．time C．result D．a(chǎn)dvice 20．A．noticed B．treated C．respected D．pleased 考向分析 縱觀近幾年陜西高考及全國卷英語完形填空題，該題均側重考查考生對“語義、語境、語篇”的深層次理解及語言運用能力（詞語運用、詞義辨析和短語搭配等）。具體特點如下： 1．選材以記敘文為主，內(nèi)容兼有教育性和啟迪性 從體裁上看，完形填空題以記敘文和夾敘夾議文為主，議論文和說明文為輔。陜西卷這幾年基本上是以記敘文為主，總詞數(shù)大體在300詞左右。xx年各省高考完形填空題中，記敘文或夾敘夾議文有15篇之多。 從題材上看，完形填空題力圖選取一篇有教育意義和現(xiàn)實意義的文章。短文內(nèi)容新穎、時尚，選材涉及日常生活、文史知識、科技小品、社會熱點、政治、經(jīng)濟、人物傳記等。 2．首句一般不設空，全文保持一定的挖空密度 完形填空的第一句一般都是完整的句子。記敘文的第一句通常把短文中故事發(fā)生的時間、地點、人物和事件等交代清楚，這是考生在解題時理解并掌握全文大意的基礎。議論文和說明文的第一句很多時候是文章的主題句，抓住主題句便抓住了文章的主旨。 空格在短文中均衡分布。絕大多數(shù)空格之間的距離大致相當，空格與空格之間的平均詞距約為11個，最小4～5個。 3．以語篇考查為主，單純語法考查很少 完形填空題以語篇為載體，立足于考生對全文的理解，既考查考生的語法知識、閱讀理解能力，又考查考生綜合運用知識的能力。做題時需要感受語境，通過尋找上下文中的隱含信息才能作出合理的選擇。 另外，單純考查語法結構的題目數(shù)量很少，重在文意干擾，每題的四個選項大多屬同一語法范疇。如果是副詞，則都是副詞，如果是動詞，則都是動詞。如果孤立地看挖空的句子，每個選項可能都滿足句子的需要，將哪個選項填進去，從語法上講都是正確的，但是要確定正確答案，只能根據(jù)全文的內(nèi)容和情節(jié)發(fā)展來作出判斷。 4．以考查實詞為主，虛詞為輔 選項詞匯主要是實詞，虛詞較少出現(xiàn)。xx陜西卷有17個題考查實詞，尤其是動詞、動詞短語和名詞的用法，僅有3題考查虛詞。 xx～xx陜西高考卷統(tǒng)計： 根據(jù)上面表格所反映出來的信息可知，和往年一樣，完形填空題重點考查的詞類為：名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞。這就要求考生具有很好的詞匯知識，能熟練運用所學過的常見詞匯；還要求他們具有較強的語感，具有對語篇進行整體處理的能力。做到“上下求索尋信息，左顧右盼找答案，瞻前顧后想全文”，同時結合考生個人積累的各方面的知識正確解讀全文。 答題步驟 做完形填空試題，切忌孤立地從單句、個別空處著手選答案，這樣易脫離上下文，從而產(chǎn)生錯誤。一般來說，解答完形填空題應遵循以下三個步驟。 1．略讀全文，把握大意。 文章都有中心議題和中心內(nèi)容。通讀全文，才能全局在胸、弄清文脈、理清思路，才能抓住文章主旨，獲得整體印象，把握短文大意，使思維朝著正確的方向發(fā)展。在閱讀中要特別注意提示句，并盡量記憶關鍵詞、句，力求把文章內(nèi)容串聯(lián)起來。 2．細讀全文，初選試填。 在理解全文大意的基礎上，再結合所給備選項細讀全文，遵循詞不離句、句不離文的原則，聯(lián)系上下文內(nèi)容，運用平時積累的英語語法和語言知識及根據(jù)文中語義、邏輯和搭配的需要進行綜合考慮，通過分析、比較和篩選，排除干擾項，初步選定答案。 在作出選擇的過程中，要瞻前顧后，通篇考慮，先易后難。對比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先進行確定。對少數(shù)難題，可暫定答案，在復讀全文后分析推敲。 3．復讀全文，校核答案。 完成選擇后，要把所選的答案代入原文，再把全文通讀一篇，逐空認真復查。完成后的文章應該文意完整、語法正確、語言通順、用詞恰當、邏輯合理、符合習慣表達法。如發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤或有疑問的答案，應再次推敲、反復斟酌、做出修正。 技法指導 1．依據(jù)文章首句，判斷主旨大意。 依據(jù)文章首句所給的線索可以看出文章的體裁，判斷主旨大意，掌握作者的寫作思路及其對某人或某事物的感情色彩。只有掌握了主旨大意，理清了文章結構，了解了各部分之間的關系，才能加深對文章的整體理解。換句話說，考生應對全文有一個清晰的概念，明白文章的各部分都是為了表達同一個主題，這樣在略讀時就更容易把握含空格的句子的真正含義，答題時就會顯得輕而易舉了。如：（xx課標全國高考） Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all! 剖析：根據(jù)首句可知，這是一篇說明文，介紹身勢語的特點、功能及作用。 2．根據(jù)文章大意，把握上下文的關系。 做完形填空題絕不能離開上下文。很多題僅從語法角度來說，可能有兩三個正確答案，但是結合上下文，情況就不一樣了。上下文是形成語境的基礎，任何語言結構、語法關系、詞語搭配都不能無視上下文的聯(lián)系。做題時，要學會瞻前顧后，要做到詞不離句、句不離段、段不離文。有時我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，上文的答案在下文有提示，而下文的答案在上文中也有信息。如：（xx課標全國高考） According to specialists，our bodies send out more __37__ than we realize.In fact，nonverbal（非言語）munication takes up about 50% of what we really __38__.And body language is particularly __39__ when we attempt to municate across cultures. 37．A．sounds　　　　　　B．invitations C．feelings D．messages 剖析：D　send out意為“發(fā)出，放出”，身勢語發(fā)出的不是“聲音”、“邀請”或“感情”，而是“信息”，所以選messages。 38．A．hope B．receive C．discover D．mean 剖析：D　hope“希望”；receive“收到”；discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；mean“意味著，打算”。根據(jù)句意可知應選D項，表示“非言語交際實際上占了我們表達的意思的50%”。 39．A．immediate B．misleading C．important D．difficult 剖析：C　根據(jù)連詞and可知，該句繼續(xù)說明身勢語的作用，所以應選C項，表示“當我們試圖進行跨文化交際的時候，身勢語尤為重要”。 3．根據(jù)文章語境，進行詞義辨析。 完形填空的命題特點之一就是利用詞匯辨析知識命題，而且占了整篇文章題目的絕大部分。首先要準確把握詞匯的意思和用法以及不同語境中的變化，仔細辨析相似、相近詞語的詞義，特別注意詞語的固定搭配以及詞匯的引申意義。如：（xx課標全國高考） It speaks__36__ than words. 36．A．straighter B．louder C．harder D．further 剖析：B　speak指說話的方式，根據(jù)第一句判斷此處說明身勢語的作用之大，所以應選B項，表示“身勢語比語言更響亮；身勢語勝于言辭”。 4．體會文章的色彩，注意語言的和諧。 作者對完形填空文章賦予了一定的感情色彩。首先要理解作者說話的語氣和文章的感情色彩，這種語氣和色彩是和諧一致的，而且貫穿全文的。做題時要充分體會上下文語言的和諧性，理解文章的深層含義。如：（xx課標全國高考） People from Latin American countries，__45__，touch each other quite a lot.Therefore，its possible that in __46__，it may look like a Latino is __47__ a Norwegian all over the room.The Latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving __48__.The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep __49__—which the Latino will in return regard as __50__. 45．A．in other words B．on the other hand C．in a similar way D．by all means 剖析：B　拉美人則是另一種情況，所以選B項，表示“另一方面”。 46．A．trouble B．conversation C．silence D．experiment 剖析：B　下面描述的是北歐人和拉美人交談的情況，所以選B項。 47．A．disturbing B．helping C．guiding D．following 剖析：D　由于拉美人習慣身體接觸，而北歐人卻不習慣，所以交談中不斷躲閃著，看起來就像拉美人在追逐北歐人一樣，因此選following。 48．A．closer B．faster C．in D．a(chǎn)way 剖析：A　拉美人想要通過身體接觸表示友誼，必然會不斷地向對方靠近，所以選closer。 49．A．stepping forward B．going on C．backing away D．ing out 剖析：C　拉美人想要靠近，北歐人則想要躲開，所以選C項表示“向后倒退”。 50．A．weakness B．carelessness C．friendliness D．coldness 剖析：D　北歐人的躲閃必然使拉美人誤以為“冷漠”或“不禮貌”，所以選D項。 5．把握文章脈絡，進行推理判斷。 在完形填空題中常常要對文章的情節(jié)、作者的態(tài)度等進行推理判斷。因此首先要抓住文章的脈絡，弄清楚文章的結構及上下文的邏輯關系。只有這樣，才能加深對文章深層意義的理解，從而更好地完成“完形”的任務，恢復文章的原貌。如：（xx課標全國高考） But whatever the situation，the best __54__ is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be __55__. 54．A．chance B．time C．result D．a(chǎn)dvice 剖析：D　下文的黃金法則顯然是一種“建議”，所以選advice。 55．A．noticed B．treated C．respected D．pleased 剖析：B　根據(jù)前面的treat可以推知，此處應用其被動語態(tài)形式，所以選B項，表示“按照你想要被對待的方式對待別人”。 誤區(qū)警示 1．文章大意易錯點 （xx山東高考）I cant recall any of the songs that the band played.I just remembered that I really enjoyed the show and didnt want it to __49__. 49．A．continue B．delay C．finish D．change 【錯混透析】C　文章講述的是作者第一次聽現(xiàn)場音樂會的故事，當時的演出給他留下了非常深刻的印象，多年之后，作者雖然記不起當時的歌曲，但是記得非常喜歡，所以不想演出“結束”。 【解題指導】做這類題時，考生易忽略文章大意。應該在把握文章大意的基礎上，對文章進行總體了解，避免做了后面的題目后才發(fā)現(xiàn)和前面的內(nèi)容沖突或矛盾。 2．情感態(tài)度易錯點 （xx山東高考）However，at the last minute，one of the friends couldnt go，so my brother offered me the ticket.I was really __40__！ 40．A．relaxed B．embarrassed C．excited D．encouraged 【錯混透析】C　relaxed“放松的”；embarrassed“尷尬的”；excited“興奮的”；encouraged“受到鼓舞的”。從當時作者的心情判斷，得到票后應該很“興奮”。 【解題指導】做這類題時，考生往往忽略作者的情感態(tài)度，錯誤地理解文章意思。八歲的孩子能夠有機會與大哥哥們一起去看現(xiàn)場演出，當然是很“興奮”，而不會是“放松”、“尷尬”或“受到鼓舞”。 3．上下文關系易錯點 （xx山東高考）I remember the buzz（嘈雜聲）of excitement inside the theatre as we all found our seats.After a few minutes，the lights went down and everybody became quiet.I could barely make out the stage in the __43__.We waited. 43．A．silence B．noise C．darkness D．smoke 【錯混透析】C　從很難辨認出舞臺推斷，這是在“黑暗”中，所以看不清。 【解題指導】做這類題時，考生往往只拘泥于個別詞句的意思，忽略整篇文章的語境和上下文的聯(lián)系，從而造成失誤。在選擇答案時不要只注意選項所在的短語、句子或段落，要善于從上下文中尋找相關的提示信息。 4．邏輯關系易錯點 （xx山東高考）Then there was a roar from the crowd，like an explosion，as the first members of the band __44__ the stage.My brother leaned over and shouted something in my ear，but I couldnt __45__ what he was saying. 44．A．fell upon B．got through C．broke into D．stepped onto 【錯混透析】D　step onto“踏上，走上”；fall upon“（責任）落在……身上，襲擊”；get through“通過，做完”；break into“闖入”。 此處演員出場，當然應選D項表示“走上舞臺”。 45．A．forget B．hear C．repeat D．bear 【錯混透析】B　由于觀眾在喊叫，所以盡管哥哥在我耳邊大聲喊叫，我還是無法“聽到”哥哥的話。 【解題指導】做這類題時，要合理理解文章的內(nèi)容，正確地把握邏輯關系。邏輯關系主要涉及原因、時間、條件、轉折等方面。只要我們弄明白文中的關鍵詞以及邏輯關系，就能確定比較明確的、直接的答案。 5．基本常識易錯點 （xx山東高考）When they discovered that Black Wednesday were going to perform at our local theatre，they all bought __38__ for the performance. 38．A．flowers B．drinks C．clothes D．tickets 【錯混透析】D　根據(jù)常識以及下文可知應選D項，去看演出當然是買“票”，而不是買“花”、“飲料”或“衣服”。 （xx山東高考）I remember the buzz（嘈雜聲）of excitement inside the theatre as we all found our __41__. 41．A．seats B．entrance C．spots D．space 【錯混透析】A　seats“座位”；entrance“入口”；spots“地點；現(xiàn)場”；space“空白；空”。根據(jù)常識可知，在劇場里面應是找到“座位”，而不是找到“入口”、“地點”或“空間”。 【解題指導】做這類題時，我們應該在了解短文主要意思的基礎上結合基本常識進行解題。平時學習中，應當注意知識的積累，加強不同學科間的知識融合。多閱讀，多體會，注意中西文化的差異，掌握一名合格的中學生應具備的基本常識。 A （xx安徽皖南八校聯(lián)考） My husband and I were cleaning windows together yesterday.We have the doublehung（雙吊鉤的）__1__ that you can pull forward and flip（翻轉）, allowing us to __2__ the inside and the outside surfaces. My husband was __3__ one window—and it popped out（跳出）of its frame！Well，our __4__ is for sale and the last thing we needed was for something to __5__. He was so __6__ and tried with all his strength to get it __7__ together，using a few less than pleasant words（I am sorry to say）．After twenty minutes he still could not get it __8__.Thats when my 23yearold __9__ told his dad to __10__ for a minute and he would try to fix it with me. Its amazing how you can see things more clearly and do things more __11__ when you are __12__.He and I fixed the window in three minutes！I called my husband in to see！He couldnt __13__ it! I know this isnt really a gift __14__，in a way，it was.My son __15__ my husband to leave，to cool down，and __16__ him from the worry for a moment.And my son fixing it with me was a __17__ to me，because I saw him as a man instead of the kid he always seems to be in my __18__. Calm is good.Breathe through __19__ times and maybe even take a break from stressful times.Return with a clear mind and things will usually __20__ much better! 1．A．doors B．chairs C．tables D．windows 2．A．destroy B．smooth C．clean D．dry 3．A．washing B．painting C．repairing D．changing 4．A．furniture B．house C．home D．car 5．A．break B．dirty C．lose D．fly 6．A．interested B．delighted C．worried D．excited 7．A．up B．a(chǎn)way C．out D．back 8．A．separated B．delivered C．fixed D．a(chǎn)dded 9．A．son B．nephew C．student D．daughter 10．A．put away B．walk away C．give away D．take away 11．A．fortunately B．difficultly C．slowly D．easily 12．A．calm B．equal C．nervous D．frightened 13．A．hate B．doubt C．believe D．satisfy 14．A．or B．so C．a(chǎn)nd D．but 15．A．a(chǎn)sked B．forced C．ordered D．promised 16．A．kept B．freed C．saved D．protected 17．A．surprise B．wonder C．gift D．hurt 18．A.power B．hand C．turn D．eyes 19．A．easy B．happy C．exciting D．difficult 20．A．break out B．turn out C．pull out D．make out B （xx陜西咸陽二模） “Life is speeding up.Everyone is getting unwell.”This may sound like something average __1__ would say today.But in fact，people who lived in Rome AD 52 already__2__ it. We all love new__3__.They are exciting，amazing and can even __4__ our lives. But have all these developments really improved the __5__ of our lives? To find the answer，lets take one scene in our real life for an example.Youre __6__to finish your homework on the puter.Your mobile phone rings，a（an）__7__ message from your friend appears on the screen，and the noise from the television is getting louder and louder.Suddenly the puter goes blank and you __8__ all your work.Now you have to __9__ all night to get it done all over again.How can you still feel __10__ and happy? Inventions have speeded up our lives so much that they __11__leave us feeling __12__ and tired.__13__do people far away from noisy cities，without telephones，cars，even any electricity often seem to be __14__happier？Perhaps because they lead simple lives. One family in the UK went “back in time” to __15__ what life was like without all the inventions __16__we have today.The grandparents，with their daughter，and grandsons，__17__for nine weeks in a 1940s house.They had no washing machines，microwaves，puters or mobile phones. The grandmother，Lyn，said，“It was hard __18__，but not mentally.” She believed life was__19__materialistic（唯物的）．“The more things you have，the more difficult life bees，” she said.The boys said they could go easily without any modern equipment，such as their puters.Benjamin，one of their grandsons，also__20__that his grandmother had changed from being a trendy（時髦的），beerdrinking granny，to one who cooked things”． 1．A．scientist B．citizens C．writers D．parents 2．A．believed B．imagined C．expected D．refused 3．A．a(chǎn)ttitudes B．ideas C．inventions D．suggestions 4．A．continue B．replace C．ruin D．change 5．A．conditions B．paces C．styles D．quality 6．A．unwilling B．hesitating C．rushing D．failing 7．A．unexpected B．false C．unforgetable D．warning 8．A．finish B．lose C．ignore D．choose 9．A．stay up B．give up C．cheer up D．break up 10．A．regretful B．calm C．curious D．thankful 11．A．hardly B．never C．merely D．often 12．A．stressed B．relaxed C．excited D．encouraged 13．A．Where B．When C．Why D．How 14．A.surely B．similarly C．pletely D．surprisingly 15．A.prove B．experience C．predict D．honour 16．A．inconvenient B．useless C．a(chǎn)vailable D．suitable 17．A．stayed B．played C．hid D．worked 18．A．practically B．economically C．physically D．theoretically 19．A．for B．a(chǎn)fter C．within D．beyond 20．A．hoped B．witnessed C．remended D．doubted C I am my mothers third child.When I was born，her doctor gently explained to my mother that my left arm was __1__，below the elbow（肘部）．Then he gave her some __2__：“Dont treat her any __3__ from the other girls.Demand more.” And she __4__！ My mother had to work to __5__ our family.There were five girls in our family and we all had to __6__.Once when I was about seven，I came out of the __7__，“Mom，I cant peel（削……皮）potatoes.I only have one hand.” “You get back to peel those potatoes，and dont ever use that as a（n）__8__ for anything again！” Of course I could peel potatoes—with my good hand，while holding them down with my __9__ arm.There was always a __10__，and Mom knew it，“If you try hard __11__，” shed say，“you can do anything.” Once in the second grade，our teacher had each of us race across the monkey bars（高低杠）．When it was my turn，I __12__ my head.Some kids __13__.I went home crying. The next afternoon，after work，Mom __14__ me back to the school ground. “Now，__15__ up with your right arm，” she advised.She stood by __16__ I practiced，and she __17__ me when I made progress. Ill never forget the __18__ time when I was crossing the bars.The kids were standing there with their mouths open. It was the way with everything.When I __19__ I cant handle（處理）things，I see Moms smile again.She had the heart to __20__ anything.And she taught me I could，too. 1．A．missing B．broken C．diseased D．short 2．A．warning B．medicine C．help D．a(chǎn)dvice 3．A．badly B．differently C．well D．normally 4．A．did B．refused