甘肅省蘭州新區(qū)舟曲中學(xué)高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí) 名詞課件

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1、高中語法綜合高中語法綜合復(fù)習(xí)全解復(fù)習(xí)全解名詞名詞1. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly _. A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon【解析解析】句意為：兩國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在一種友好的氛圍中句意為：兩國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在一種友好的氛圍中進行交談。進行交談。B和和C都有都有“情形，情況情形，情況”的意的意思，思，D是是“現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象”，只有，只有A“氛圍氛圍”符合題符合題意。意。 2. It was reported that the problem had

2、 been settled without much _. A. affect B. affair C. effect D. effort【解析解析】 考查詞義辨析?？疾樵~義辨析。affect影響；影響；affair事事務(wù)；務(wù)；effect影響，效果；影響，效果；effort嘗試，努嘗試，努力。據(jù)報道，問題沒費多大事就解決力。據(jù)報道，問題沒費多大事就解決了。根據(jù)語意可知，了。根據(jù)語意可知，D項正確。項正確。without effort意思是意思是“毫不費力地毫不費力地”。 3. The old man used to raise many _ to make a living on the f

3、arm. A. duck B. horse C. bird D. sheep【解析解析】 有個別可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)同形。如：有個別可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)同形。如：Chinese, Japanese, sheep等。等。 4. I have some problems with my English writing. Can you give me some _? A. advice B. decisions C. information D. messages【解析解析】不可數(shù)名詞不能用不定冠詞不可數(shù)名詞不能用不定冠詞a, an或或數(shù)詞直接修飾。數(shù)詞直接修飾。advice, information,

4、weather, milk, water, paper, news, work, traffic等是?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞。等是?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞。5. The theme park is about _ ride from the museum. You should start out right now. A. two hour B. two hours C. two hours D. two hours【解析解析】以以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格只需在詞尾結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格只需在詞尾加加“ ”。6. Hi, this way, please. OK. I sometimes have no s

5、ense of _ when I arrive at the crossroads. A. position B. direction C. situation D. condition【解析】【解析】 B. have no sense of direction 意為意為“沒有沒有方向感方向感”。 名詞學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：名詞學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1. 熟記近義名詞的辨析；熟記近義名詞的辨析；2. 熟記常見的不可數(shù)名詞，單復(fù)數(shù)同形的熟記常見的不可數(shù)名詞，單復(fù)數(shù)同形的 名詞，形單義復(fù)的名詞和集合名詞表示名詞，形單義復(fù)的名詞和集合名詞表示 單復(fù)數(shù)的情況，如：單復(fù)數(shù)的情況，如：advice, furniture, equ

6、ipment; means, works (工廠工廠), series; police, cattle, family, audience等等；等等；3. 掌握名詞的抽象化和具體化；掌握名詞的抽象化和具體化；4. 掌握名詞的所有格；掌握名詞的所有格；5. 熟記名詞的固定搭配使用。熟記名詞的固定搭配使用。名詞分為名詞分為專有名詞專有名詞和和普通名詞普通名詞兩大類。兩大類。專有名詞專有名詞表示具體的人，事物，地點，團表示具體的人，事物，地點，團體或機構(gòu)的專有名稱（體或機構(gòu)的專有名稱（第一個字母要大寫第一個字母要大寫） 例：例：China 中國，中國，Asia 亞洲，亞洲，Beijing 北京。北京

7、。專有名詞如果是含有普通名詞的短語，則專有名詞如果是含有普通名詞的短語，則必須使用定冠詞必須使用定冠詞the。如：。如：the Great Wall（長城）。（長城）。普通名詞普通名詞 1) 個體名詞個體名詞：表示個別人或物的名稱，：表示個別人或物的名稱， 如：如：computer。 2) 集體名詞集體名詞：表示一群人或一些事物的：表示一群人或一些事物的名名 稱，如：稱，如：family。 3) 物質(zhì)名詞物質(zhì)名詞：表示物質(zhì)或不具備確定形：表示物質(zhì)或不具備確定形狀狀 和大小的個體的物質(zhì)，如：和大小的個體的物質(zhì)，如：air。 4) 抽象名詞抽象名詞：表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、：表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、

8、感情等抽象概念，如：感情等抽象概念，如：anger。 個體名詞和集體名詞個體名詞和集體名詞一般是一般是可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞。 物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般是一般是不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化 1) 一般在詞尾一般在詞尾 加加-s scientist-scientists 2) 以以s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾等結(jié)尾 加加-es bus-buses; watch-watches 3) 以以ce, se, ze等結(jié)尾等結(jié)尾 加加-s license-licenses 4) 以以輔音字母輔音字母+y結(jié)尾結(jié)尾 變變y為為i再加再加-es baby-

9、babies 以以元音字母元音字母+y結(jié)尾結(jié)尾 加加-s key-keys5) 以以o結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時：結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時：以輔音字以輔音字 母加母加o結(jié)尾的詞，一般加結(jié)尾的詞，一般加-es（photo等例等例 外）；外）；hero-heroes 以元音字母加以元音字母加o結(jié)尾結(jié)尾 的詞，則直接加的詞，則直接加-s radio-radios6) 以以f或或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時：結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時： 加加-s，如：，如： belief-beliefs；roof-roofs去去f, fe 加加-ves，如：，如：half-halves； knife-knives；leaf-leaves；w

10、ife-wives wolf-wolves可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化 1) child-children; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; man-men; woman-women; mouse-mice 2) 單復(fù)同形，如：單復(fù)同形，如：deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese 3) 集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實為復(fù)集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實為復(fù) 數(shù)。例如：數(shù)。例如：people, police, cattle等本身等本身 就是復(fù)數(shù)就是復(fù)數(shù)4) 以以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：maths

11、, politics, physics, news等等名詞所有格名詞所有格 英語中有些名詞可以加英語中有些名詞可以加 “ s ”來表示所有來表示所有關(guān)關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格，如：所有格，如：a teachers book。名詞所有。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下：格的規(guī)則如下：1) 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加單數(shù)名詞詞尾加 “ s ”，如：，如：the boys bag 男孩的書包，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有男孩的書包，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s， 也要加也要加 “ s ”，如：，如：mens room 男廁男廁所。所。2) 以以 s 結(jié)尾結(jié)尾 ，一般加，一般加 “ ”，如：

12、，如：the Smiths car 史密斯家的車史密斯家的車3) 如果兩個名詞并列，并且分別有如果兩個名詞并列，并且分別有s，則，則 表示表示“分別有分別有”；只有一個；只有一個s，則表示，則表示“共共 有有”。如：。如： Johns and Marys rooms（兩間）（兩間） John and Marys room（一間）（一間）4) 合成詞在最后加合成詞在最后加 “ s ”，如：，如： the editor-in-chiefs office 總編的辦公室總編的辦公室 anybody elses opinion 他人意見他人意見5) 名詞的雙重所有格：名詞的雙重所有格：of + 名詞所有

13、格或名詞所有格或 名詞性物主代詞。如：名詞性物主代詞。如：a few books of Jacks 杰克的幾本書杰克的幾本書1. We can see the blue sky and the shining sun. There is no _ that it will rain today. A. doubt B. avenue C. chance D. point2. The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, is a tourist _ in Beijing, drawing millions of visitors

14、every year. A. interest B. attraction C. scene D. view3. Would you like to go out for dinner with me, Ann? Of course, but the only _ is that youll be my guest. A. position B. situation C. condition D. invitation4. Mr. Zhang has taught for thirty years. Everybody sings high praise for his _ to the ca

15、use of education. A. application B. impression C. reception D. devotion5. There are twenty-four _ students in our class and we have three _ teachers. A. girl; woman B. girls; women C. girl; women D. girls; woman6. The idea sounds good in theory, but it is useless if not put into _. A. fact B. event

16、C. deed D. practice 7. Im very grateful to you because you have taken _ to show me how to do the work. A. efforts B. pains C. attempts D. difficulties8. You are in no _ to work. What has happened? A. mood B. emotion C. attitude D. feeling9. I havent seen you for ages. Lets have a gettogether next we

17、ek. OK, its a _. A. charge B. price C. reward D. deal10. I suggest we go to the Qingdao Restaurant for lunch, which is famous for its wide _ of foods that suit all tastes. A. division B. area C. range D. circle名詞在高考中的考查重點：名詞在高考中的考查重點：一般在單項選擇以及完型填空和短文改一般在單項選擇以及完型填空和短文改錯中出現(xiàn)，絕大多數(shù)是考查名詞詞義辨錯中出現(xiàn)，絕大多數(shù)是考查名詞詞

18、義辨析，名詞和表示數(shù)量詞結(jié)合的考查，以析，名詞和表示數(shù)量詞結(jié)合的考查，以及主謂一致的考查以及在具體語境中的及主謂一致的考查以及在具體語境中的理解和應(yīng)用也將占有一席之地。理解和應(yīng)用也將占有一席之地。Individual activity注注: : 另附另附 word word 文檔。文檔。點擊此處鏈接點擊此處鏈接1. Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _ for a wedding in some countries. (2007浙江浙江) A. way B. situation C. eve

19、nt D. choiceMultiple choice. 2. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _ of exercise. (2007遼寧遼寧) A. limit B. lack C. need D. demand3. You are always full of _. Can you tell me the secret? Taking plenty of exercise every day. (2007福建福建) A. power B. strength C. force D. ene

20、rgy4. Shall we go out for a walk? Sorry. This is not the right _ to invite me. I am too tired to walk. (2008江西江西) A. moment B. situation C. place D. chance5. Dogs have a very good _ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake. (2008浙江浙江) A. sense B. view C. means D. idea 6.

21、Why do you suggest we buy a new machine? Because the old one has been damaged _. (2008江蘇江蘇) A. beyond reach B. beyond repair C. beyond control D. beyond description7. The _ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _ car. (2009 江西江西) A. girls; Toms B. girls;

22、Toms C. girls; Toms D. girls; Toms8. China has got a good _ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization. (2009安徽安徽) A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge 9. He says that my new car is a _ of money. Dont you think those words are just sour grapes? (2009山東山東)

23、A. lack B. load C. question D. waste10. James took the magazines off the little table to make _ for the television. (2010天津天津) A. room B. area C. field D. position 11. The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _. (2010江蘇江蘇) A.

24、 expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization12. Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine. (2010山東山東) A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter 13. Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _. (2011江蘇江蘇) A. c

25、onsequence B. independence C. competence D. intelligence 14. Anyway, I cant cheat him its against all my _. (2011浙江浙江) A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions 15. Theres a _ in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. (2011山東山東) A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship