2020版高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) Unit 2 Cloning課時作業(yè)（含解析）新人教版選修8.docx

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Unit2 Cloning Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A Everypetownerloveshispet.Thereisnoargumenthere. Butwhenweaskedourreaderswhethertheywouldclonetheirbelovedanimals,theresponsesweresplitalmostdownthemiddle.Ofthe228readerswhoansweredit,108wouldclone,111wouldnotandnineweighedeachsidewithoutofferinganopinion. Clearly,fromreaders??response,thisisanissuethatreachesdeeplyintoboththejoyandeventualsadnessofowningapet.Itspeaks,aswell,topeople??swidelydifferingexpectationsoverthedevelopingscientificprocedure. Mostoftherespondentswhofavouredtheideastronglybelieveditwouldproduceatleastaclosecopyoftheoriginal;manyfelttheprocesswouldactuallyreturnanexactcopy.Thoseontheotherside,however,heldlittlehopethataclonecouldnevertrulyrecreateapet,andmanysimplydidn??twishtogoagainstthenaturallawoflifeanddeath. Bothsidesexpressedequallovefortheiranimals.Morethanafewrespondentsowned “thedog/catintheworld”.Theythoughtoftheirpetsastheir “bestfriend”, “amemberofthefamily”, “thelightofmylife”.Theytoldmovingstoriesofpets??heroism,intelligenceandselflessdevotion. Littlewonderedthelossissodisturbing,andthecloningissoattractive. “Peoplebecomeveryclosetotheiranimals,andthelosscanbejustashardtobearaswhenafriendorfamilymemberdies,” saysGaryKowalski,authorofGoodbye,Friend:healingwisdomforanyonewhohaseverlostapet. “Forme,cloningfeelslikeanattempttoturndeathaway…It??sunderstandable.Deathisalwayspainful.It??sdifficulttodealwith.It??shardtoaccept.” Butwouldcloningreducetheblow?Thisquestionseemedtobeattheheartofthisproblem. 1.Sofarasthecloningofpetsisconcerned,arecentsurveyshowsthat,ofallpetowners,　　　　. A.alotmoreofthemareforit B.alotmoreofthemareagainstit C.veryfewofthemarewillingtotelltheiropinions D.abouthalfofthemareforitandtheotherhalfagainstit 2.Whiletalkingabouttheresponsesfromthereaders,theexpression “eventualsadnessofowningapet” refersto　　　　. A.thetroublesonehastodealwithinkeepingapet B.thehighcostofowningapet C.thedeathofone??spet D.thedangersinvolvedinthecloningofapet 3.FromwhatGaryKowalskisays,wecanknowthathe　　　　. A.hasneverthoughtabouttheproblemofcloning B.isinfavouroftheideaofcloningpets C.isgoingtowriteanotherbookonpets D.isallagainstthecloningofpets 4.Whatisthekeyquestionattheheartoftheproblemofcloningpets? A.Cancloningmakethepainonesufferslesswhenapetdies? B.Canpetownersaffordthecostofcloning? C.Doescloninggoagainstthelawofnature? D.Howreliablydoescloningproduceanexactcopyofone??spet? B Chinesescientistsrecentlyhaveproducedtwomonkeyswiththesamegene,ZhongZhongandHuaHua,usingthesametechniquethatgaveusDollythesheep.Thesemonkeysarenotactuallythefirstprimates(靈長類)tobecloned.AnotheronenamedTetrawasproducedinthelate1990sbyembryo(胚胎)splitting,thedivisionofanearly-stageembryointotwoorfourseparatecellstomakeclones.Bycontrast,theywereeachmadebyreplacinganeggcellnucleus(原子核)withDNAfromadifferentiatedbodycell.ThisDollymethod,knownassomaticcellnucleartransfer(SCNT),cancreatemoreclonesandallowsresearchersgreatercontrolovertheeditstheymaketotheDNA. Successcamefromadoptingseveralnewtechniques.Theseincludedanewtypeofmicroscopytobetterviewthecellsduringhandlingorusingseveralmaterialsthatencouragecellreprogramming,whichhadn??tbeentriedbeforeonprimates.Still,theresearchprocessproveddifficult,andmanyattemptsbytheteamfailed.Justtwohealthybabymonkeyswerebornfrommorethan60testedmothers.Thisleadstomanyresearchers??pouringwaterontheideathattheteam??sresultsbringscientistsclosertocloninghumans.Theythoughtthisworkisnotasteppingstonetoestablishingmethodsforobtaininglivebornhumanclones.Instead,thisclearlyremainsaveryfoolishthingtoattempt.Itwouldbefartooinefficient,fartoounsafe,anditisalsopointless. Butthescientistsinvolvedemphasizethatthisisnottheirgoal.Thereisnownobarrierforcloningprimatespecies,thuscloninghumansisclosertoreality.However,theirresearchpurposeisentirelyforproducingnon-humanprimatemodelsforhumandiseases;theyabsolutelyhavenointention,andsocietywillnotpermitthisworktobeextendedtohumans.Despitelimitations,theytreatthisbreakthroughasanovelmodelsystemforscientistsstudyinghumanbiologyanddisease. 5.WhatdoweknowaboutthetechnologycalledSCNT? A.Itcreatedthefirsttwoprimates. B.ItmaycontributetoeditingtheDNA. C.Itcandivideanearly-stageembryointoseveralcells. D.Itproducedtwoclonedmonkeyswithdifferentgenes. 6.Whatdoestheauthormeanby “pouringwaterontheidea” inParagraph2? A.Keepingahottopicofit. B.Havingalowopinionofit. C.Attachingnoimportancetoit. D.Addingsupportiveevidencetoit. 7.Whatisthescientists??purposetoclonethesemonkeys? A.Tohelpwiththestudyofhumandiseases. B.Toserveasasteppingstonetotheirreputation. C.Topreparefortheirresearchonhumancloning. D.Toraisemoneyforholdinganexhibitionofnovels. 8.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage? A.Newtechniquesseemtobepointless. B.Cloninghumansisalreadyonitsway. C.Societywon??tagreetocloneanothermonkey. D.Thesuccessrateofcloningamonkeywasnothigh. Ⅱ.語法填空 閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Theworld-knownSilkRoadacrosstheEurasianContinentisafriendshipbridge1.　　　　(link)theEuropeanandAsianpeople.Itisoneofthemostimportantthemetouristroutesintheworldandthemost2.　　　　(value)touristproductsinChina.FromthetimeZhangQian3.　　　　(open)uptheworld-famousSilkRoadduringtheHanDynasty,untilthecollapseoftheYuanDynasty,itenjoyed4.　　　　historyofabout1,600years. SilkRoadwith5.　　　　(it)2,000years??historyhaswitnessedthehistoricalchangesandtheprogressofcultural6.　　　　(exchange)betweenChinaandtheWesterncountries.ThesectioninChina,manyethniccultures7.　　　　(include),isalsoasajadebelt.ThepeopleoftheseethnicgroupssuchasMongolians,Huis,Uygurs,Hazakshavemaintainedtheiruniquetraditionsandcultures,livinghabitsandreligiousbeliefs,8.　　　　formthesouloftheSilkRoadandattractmanytouriststovisit.Infact,9.　　　　theSilkRoadinthenorth-westofChina,thereareanothertwotraderoadsinthesouth-westofChinaandbysea,whichalsocontribute10.　　　　(great)tothedevelopmentoftheworld.Theyarecalledthe “SouthernSilkRoad” andthe “SilkRoadontheSea”. Ⅲ.短文改錯 DearJoy, Howareyoudoing?Hereisanexcitingnewsforyou.Therewillbeaninventioncompetitioninourschoolinthe20thofOctober.However,thereisaruletheparticipantsshallbeinagroup.ButI??dliketoinviteyoutobemypartners. Iknowthatyouhavebeenlongedtodesignatinycoolerthatpeoplecanweararoundthewrist.Ithinkitwillbeawonderfullyideaforthecompetition.Wecanmakeasmallairconditionertocontrollingthetemperatureofthewearer. Howdoyouthinkofmysuggestion?Lookingforwardtoyoureply. Yours, ZhangXin 課時作業(yè)(三十七) Ⅰ.A 【文章大意】 本文一篇議論文。文章主要討論了是否要克隆已逝的心愛的寵物的話題。 1.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Ofthe228readerswhoansweredit,108wouldclone,111wouldnotandnineweighedeachsidewithoutofferinganopinion.”可知,對于克隆寵物的問題,研究表明,寵物擁有者中,反對者和贊成者大概各占一半,故選D。 2.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)對第三段和全文的整體理解可推知,這種終級痛苦是指心愛的寵物的死亡,故選C。 3.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“‘Forme,cloningfeelslikeanattempttoturndeathaway…It??sunderstandable.Deathisalwayspainful.It??sdifficulttodealwith.It??shardtoaccept.’”可推知,GaryKowalski是支持克隆寵物的,故選B。 4.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Butwouldcloningreducetheblow?”可知,問題的核心是克隆寵物這種做法是否會讓失去寵物的人減少一些痛苦,故選A。blow打擊。 B 【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文。被稱作SCNT的高科技有助于編輯DNA。本文中科學(xué)家們克隆這些猴子的目的是幫助研究人類疾病。 5.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“ThisDollymethod,knownassomaticcellnucleartransfer(SCNT),cancreatemoreclonesandallowsresearchersgreatercontrolovertheeditstheymaketotheDNA.”可知,SCNT有助于編輯DNA。故選B項。 6.B　句意理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Still,theresearchprocessproveddifficult,andmanyattemptsbytheteamfailed.Justtwohealthybabymonkeyswerebornfrommorethan60testedmothers.Thisleadstomanyresearchers??pouringwaterontheideathattheteam??sresultsbringscientistsclosertocloninghumans.”可知在第二段中pouringwaterontheidea的意思是“對它的評價很低”。故選B項。 7.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“However,theirresearchpurposeisentirelyforproducingnon-humanprimatemodelsforhumandiseases;theyabsolutelyhavenointention,andsocietywillnotpermitthisworktobeextendedtohumans.”可知,科學(xué)家們克隆這些猴子的目的是幫助研究人類疾病。故選A項。 8.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后三句“Theythoughtthisworkisnotasteppingstonetoestablishingmethodsforobtaininglivebornhumanclones.Instead,thisclearlyremainsaveryfoolishthingtoattempt.Itwouldbefartooinefficient,fartoounsafe,anditisalsopointless.”和最后一段最后一句“Despitelimitations,theytreatthisbreakthroughasanovelmodelsystemforscientistsstudyinghumanbiologyanddisease.”可知,克隆一只猴子的成功率并不高。故選D項。 Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界著名的絲綢之路的歷史和它的重要作用。文章還提到了另外兩條極大地促進(jìn)了世界發(fā)展的貿(mào)易之路:南方絲綢之路和海上絲綢之路。 1.linking　考查非謂語動詞。此句是非謂語動詞作定語修飾bridge,由于bridge與link之間是主動關(guān)系,故填現(xiàn)在分詞linking。 2.valuable　考查形容詞。修飾名詞用形容詞形式。value是動詞,其形容詞形式為valuable。 3.opened　考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語duringtheHanDynasty可知,句子使用一般過去時,且主語ZhangQian與謂語open之間是主動關(guān)系。故填opened。 4.a　考查冠詞。句意:它享有大約1600多年的歷史。ahistoryof表示“……的歷史”。 5.its　考查代詞。句意:擁有2000多年歷史的絲綢之路見證了歷史的變遷和中國與西方國家文化交流的進(jìn)步。此處指“絲綢之路的歷史”,作定語,故用形容詞性物主代詞its。 6.exchanges　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。exchange是可數(shù)名詞,此處指中國和其他國家之間的文化交流,故用復(fù)數(shù)名詞exchanges。 7.included　考查非謂語動詞。此句是非謂語動詞作定語修飾manyethniccultures,邏輯主語cultures與include之間是被動關(guān)系,故用過去分詞included。 8.which　考查非限制性定語從句。此句是非限制性定語從句,從句缺少主語,先行詞theiruniquetraditionsandcultures,livinghabitsandreligiousbeliefs指物,故用which引導(dǎo)定語從句。 9.besides　考查介詞。句意:實際上,除了中國西北的絲綢之路,在中國的西南有另外兩條貿(mào)易路線……。besides表示“除……之外(還有……)”,符合語境。 10.greatly　考查副詞。修飾謂語動詞contribute用副詞作狀語。great是形容詞,其副詞形式是greatly。 Ⅲ.DearJoy, Howareyoudoing?Hereisanexcitingnewsforyou.Therewillbeaninventioncompetitioninourschoolinthe on 20thofOctober.However,thereisarule∧thattheparticipantsshallbeinagroup.ButI??dliketoinviteyoutobemy So partners. partner Iknowthatyouhavebeenlongedtodesignatinycoolerthatpeoplecanweararoundthewrist.Ithinkitwillbea longing wonderfullyideaforthecompetition.Wecanmakeasmallairconditionertocontrollingthetemperatureofthewearer. wonderfulcontrol Howdoyouthinkofmysuggestion?Lookingforwardtoyoureply. Whatyour Yours, ZhangXin