情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講義 高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí).docx

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1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1. 了解情態(tài)動(dòng)詞命題趨勢(shì)掌握并靈活運(yùn)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法 一. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞定義情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，表示說(shuō)話人的情緒，態(tài)度或語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞，但不 能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和其他動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。 二. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的具體意義及用法can與could的用法 ⑴表示能力：能，能夠,會(huì)（與be able to同義）⑵表示推測(cè)：可能，會(huì)（常用于否定句與疑問(wèn)句） Eg: Can /Could I use vou pen? 注：表示“有時(shí)也會(huì)”（帝用于肯定句） Eg : It can be quite windy there, especially in spring. ⑶表示許可

2、（或請(qǐng)求許可）「可以（口語(yǔ)中清代替may） Eg: Can I go swimming today, mum? Eg: You can first lend me one book this time. ⑷表示驚訝，懷疑，不相信的態(tài)度：怎么會(huì)，怎么能（常用于否定句或疑問(wèn) 句） Eg: How can he be so rude? 注意：①could表"請(qǐng)求”時(shí)，不是過(guò)去式，不表時(shí)態(tài)，只是語(yǔ)氣比can委婉。 ② 在回答中不可用couldEg:…Could I have the television on? —Yes, you can/may.（ No, you can't.） ③

3、 can與be able to的區(qū)別: A: be able to比can時(shí)態(tài)更多 B:表示具體某次能夠成功做成某事時(shí)，只能用be able toEg: Though he was tired, he was able to swim across the river. 1. may與might的用法⑴表示許可（或請(qǐng)求許可）：可以 ⑵表示推測(cè)“可能”（常用于肯定句、否定句） Eg: He may come tomorrow, but I'm not quite sure. ⑶表示祝愿 Eg： May you succeed. （4）might /may as well表示“最好…

4、 不妨…"注意：①:表示給予允許時(shí)，不能用might ②:回答表示不允許時(shí)用mustiTt / can，t. Eg: ― Might I go now? —Yes, you may/ can .（■?- No, you mustn't / can't）must的用法 ⑴表示責(zé)任與義務(wù)“必須，應(yīng)該，”⑵表示推測(cè)“必定，一定”（常用于肯定句） Eg： The light is still on, so he must be at home. ⑶表示一種固執(zhí)的情感“偏偏”“非得” Eg: If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops

5、. Eg: The machine must break down at this busy hour, 注意：①：must與have to的區(qū)別:must強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀上認(rèn)為“必須”干，have to 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上認(rèn)為“不得不” ② :回答must問(wèn)句時(shí)，否定用don9t have to /needn^,不用mustn^C一定不，必須不，不允許，不得） Eg: —Must I clean the room at once? —yes, you must. /No, you don't have to./No, you needn't. ③ :must have done的反義麻問(wèn)句Eg:

6、They must have gone away, haven't they? They must have gone away just now, didn't they? 2. shall 與 should 的用法㈠ shall ⑴Shall用于第一、第三人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或向?qū)?方請(qǐng)ZK。Shall he wait outside or come in? ⑵Shall用于第二、第三人稱(chēng)陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方命令、允諾、警 告、或威脅。Tell him that he shall have the book. ㈡should的用法⑴Should表示勸告、建議

7、、命令，意思為“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”，其同義詞是。light to ⑵表示“萬(wàn)一” Eg: If it should rain tomorrow, don't expect me. ⑶表示“竟然” Eg:You can" imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rud e to a lady. ⑷表示推測(cè)“可能，理應(yīng)，按理說(shuō)應(yīng)該”，使用這個(gè)詞時(shí)，往往表示某個(gè)情況 是合理的、正常的、符合邏輯的。 Eg: — When can 1 come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoo

8、 n. —They should be ready by 12:00。 ⑸表示虛擬should have done （本該干卻未干）shouldn" have done（本不該干 卻干了）注意；?should與ought to的區(qū)別 出于法令規(guī)則行為規(guī)則違法責(zé)任等客觀情況而應(yīng)該做某事時(shí) 一般用ought to若用should則含個(gè)人意見(jiàn)強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法 Eg : We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I do not think we will. ② 在公告須知或條例中出于禮貌常,用shouldYou should not run alon

9、g side the swimming—poo 3. will 與 would⑴表示請(qǐng)求、建議等（可以），would比will委婉客氣。 Will/would you please do me a favour? ⑵表示意志：愿望和決心。（愿意） Eg: He would not help me yestrday.（愿意）⑶Would可表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。（常常） Would表過(guò)去習(xí)慣時(shí)比used to正式，并沒(méi)有“現(xiàn)已無(wú)此習(xí)慣”的含義。Wewould sit around grandpa after supper ,listening to his stories.

10、 （4）表將來(lái)“將要”Eg: They will come here. 4. need/dare 的用法⑴need “需要”，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞多用在否定句，疑問(wèn)句或條件句中. You need not hand in the paper this week. ⑵dare “敢”，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞多用在否定或疑問(wèn)句中 Dare you catch the little cat? 三. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考察要點(diǎn)表猜測(cè) a. 對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事情的猜測(cè):must/should/ought to/can/should/may/niight+ might+do b. 對(duì)過(guò)去事情的猜測(cè)：must/ can/cou

11、ld /may/might + have done表虛擬 a?與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事情相反的虛擬：could/would/ might + dob?與過(guò)去事情相反的虛擬（含責(zé)備之意） could/would/ might/ should/ought to/needn't + have doneEgl.—Look someone is coming. Who can it be? —It can not be the headmaster. He has gone to Shanghai.（疑 問(wèn)句、否定句/現(xiàn)在）2 .He wasn't here. He must have been to Sh

12、anghai.（肯定句/ 過(guò)去） 2. Eve was late for class again. She should havegot up earlier.（本應(yīng)該早起） 3. I am feeling sick. I shouldn't have eaten so much chocolate.（本不應(yīng)該吃） 4. …Mr Smith didn't come last night, did he? …No. We needn't have waited for him. A whole night was wasted.（本不 必等）…Did you listen to the speech? —No, we could have attended it. But we had a lot of traffic on our w ay?（本可以參加）