中考英語 語法知識(shí)名師手冊(cè) 第2講 冠詞課件

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1、第2 2講冠詞一、用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~填空thethea/the1Could you tell me _ answer to this question?2 Pass me _ dictionary next to the radio, and I alsoneed _ pen to write something.3 Fred likes playing _ football.But he doesnt likeplaying _ piano.thethe4 He himself is very rich.However, he often says _rich should help _ poor

2、.atheTheaanThe/5 Jim is now making _ kite.Hes going to fly_ kite after lunch.6_ woman in a purple skirt is Bettys mother.7Miss Liu has _ cold today.8The car can run two kilometers _ hour.9_ Greens are watching _ TV.10_ earth moves around _ sun.Thetheplaying pianoplaying the piano二、單句改錯(cuò)the fourth one

3、a fourth one1She likes playing piano instead of playing basketball._2I have 3 books.I want to buy the fourth one._3Mr.Yang goes to Shenzhen by a train._4Li Ming is a honest boy._5My brother often goes to the bed at 10._去掉 aaan去掉 the不定冠詞的基本用法1a 用于以輔音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或名詞短語前，an 用于以元音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或名詞短語前。如：aboy,

4、 a useful book, an apple, an uncle, an umbrella, an ugly man,an honest girl, an hour 等。注意：不能把元音字母當(dāng)成元音音素。如：()There is an “u” in the word “ruler”()There is a “u” in the word “ruler”2泛指一類人或事物，或表示數(shù)量“一”的意思，但數(shù)的概念沒有 one 強(qiáng)烈。如：A horse is a land animal.馬是一種陸棲動(dòng)物。This is a pencil.這是一支鉛筆。3指不具體的某個(gè)人或物。如：I met a fr

5、iend on my way home.我在回家的路上遇到一位朋友。4用在序數(shù)詞前表示“又一，再一”，相當(dāng)于 another。如：He had failed twice, but he still wanted to try a third time. 他已失敗了兩次，但他還想試第三次。5表示“每一(個(gè))”，相當(dāng)于 every。如：three times a day一天三次twice a week 一星期兩次ten miles an hour 一小時(shí)十英里6用在一些固定搭配中。如：a bit, a lot of, a lot, a little, a few,a number of, a gl

6、ass of, a quarter, half an hour, have a word with,have a look, have a try, have a swim, have a talk, have a rest, go fora walk, have a cold, in a word, have a good time, such/so/manya/an名詞，等等。定冠詞的基本用法1表示特指或指談話雙方都知道的某(些)人或事物。如：Where is the book I bought yesterday?我昨天買的那本書在哪兒？Take the medicine after m

7、eals.飯后服藥。2用于上文提到過，后面再次提到的人或事物。如：He lives with a local family.The family is not big.他跟當(dāng)?shù)氐囊粦羧思易≡谝黄穑@個(gè)家庭不大。3用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物(太陽、月亮、地球、天空、世界、宇宙天體等)前。如：The sun is bigger than the moon.太陽比月亮大。注意：當(dāng)這些名詞前面有描繪性定語時(shí)，可加不定冠詞。如：Look! A red sun is rising.瞧！一輪紅日正在升起。4用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)和部分比較級(jí)前。如：The first computer is the chea

8、pest of the three.第一臺(tái)電腦是三臺(tái)中最便宜的。Tom is the taller of the two boys.湯姆是兩個(gè)男孩中比較高的那個(gè)。5用在樂器名詞前。如：play the piano/guitar/violin/drums彈鋼琴/彈吉他/拉小提琴/打鼓6用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示一家人或夫婦二人。如：The Smiths are fishing in the park.史密斯一家人/史密斯夫婦正在公園釣魚。7與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，指整個(gè)群體。如：They are the teachers of this school.他們就是這所學(xué)校的全體老師。(指學(xué)校中所有老師)Th

9、ey are teachers of this school.他們是這所學(xué)校的老師。(指學(xué)校中的部分老師)8用在形容詞和單數(shù)名詞前，表示某一類人或物。如：the young/rich/poor/sick/deaf/dead/wounded年輕人/富人/窮人/病人/聾人/死者/傷員the horse/computer 馬/電腦(強(qiáng)調(diào)這一種東西)9用在由多個(gè)普通名詞構(gòu)成的黨派、組織、機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名詞前或江、河、湖、海、山脈、群島、海峽、海灣、運(yùn)河、沙漠、報(bào)刊等專有名詞前。如：the Great Wall長城the United States 美國the United Nationsthe Summe

10、r Palace聯(lián)合國頤和園the Yangtze River 長江10用在表示方向、方位的名詞前。如：the east 東方the right 右邊the west 西方the left 左邊11用在世紀(jì)或逢“十”的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞前，指某個(gè)世紀(jì)中的幾十年代。如：in the 1970s 在 20 世紀(jì) 70 年代in the 18th century 在 18 世紀(jì)12用在某些習(xí)慣用語中。如：in the morning 在早上/上午in the end 在最后in the day 在白天in the middle of 在的中間all the time 一直by the way 順便說說on t

11、he way 在路上hit sb.on the head 打某人的頭注意：(1)當(dāng)定冠詞與 all, half, both, double 等詞連用修飾名詞時(shí)，定冠詞應(yīng)放在這些詞之后。如：Look, all the books are here.瞧，所有的書都在這兒。(2)當(dāng)定冠詞與表示倍數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)的詞連用時(shí)，需要放在這些詞之后。如：The bed is three times the size of that one.這張床是那張床的三倍大。不用冠詞的情況(零冠詞)1在年、月、季節(jié)、星期、日期及某些節(jié)日前不用冠詞。如：Its Sunday today.今天是星期天。He was born on

12、 June 12th, 1999.他出生于 1999 年 6 月 12 日。Today is Mothers Day.今天是母親節(jié)。It isnt so cold in winter in Guangzhou.廣州的冬天沒有那么冷。注意：(1)特指某年的季節(jié)或與 during 連用時(shí)用定冠詞 the。如：in the winter of 2012 在 2012 年的冬天(2)節(jié)日如果用“Festival”則要加冠詞，如果用“Day”則不用冠詞。如：the Spring Festival 春節(jié)National Day 國慶節(jié)2在三餐、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)、棋類游戲和學(xué)科名稱前不用冠詞。如：I like pl

13、aying badminton and chess.我喜歡打羽毛球和下國際象棋。What do you have for breakfast?你早餐吃什么？注意：三餐前如有形容詞修飾時(shí)也要用冠詞。如：After a quick breakfast, I went to school.我迅速吃了早餐就去上學(xué)了。3當(dāng)用 by 表示乘坐某種交通工具時(shí)，中間不用冠詞。如：by bus/train/bike/air乘公交車/乘火車/騎自行車/乘飛機(jī)4在一些固定短語中不用冠詞。如：at home 在家at noon 在中午at night 在晚上on foot 步行by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地on tim

14、e 按時(shí)；準(zhǔn)時(shí)in time 及時(shí)day and night 日日夜夜at work 在上班in class 在課堂上in surprise 吃驚地on show 展覽go to school 去上學(xué)go to bed 上床睡覺注意：(1)序數(shù)詞前面用定冠詞與用不定冠詞的區(qū)別：“the 序數(shù)詞”表示“第幾”；“a序數(shù)詞”表示“又一，再一”。如：The cake is delicious, and I would like a second one.蛋糕很好吃，我想再吃一塊。(2)有些短語中，有冠詞和無冠詞的區(qū)別：()1.(2012 年廣東)_Greens are preparing for t

15、hecoming Thanksgiving Day.A/BACAnDTheD “the姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)”表示一家人或夫婦，故選 D。()2.(2012 年廣東廣州)Is this _ book you weretalking about yesterday?Yes, thank you very much.A.aB.anC.theD./C “你們正在談?wù)摰哪潜緯笔翘刂?，故選 C。()3.(2012 年廣東佛山)Was _ maths exam whichwe took yesterday difficult?AaBtheCAnB 表示特指昨天參加的那個(gè)考試，故選 B。()4.(2012 年廣東河源

16、)Its _ nice day, isnt it?Yes, what _ fine weather!Aa; aCa; /Bthe; theDthe; /C day 是可數(shù)名詞，表示“一個(gè)好天氣”可用 a nice day;eweather 是不可數(shù)名詞，故選 C。()5.(2012 年廣東茂名)It was _ autumn eveningwhen they met each other at last.AaBanC/B evening 是可數(shù)名詞，泛指“某一個(gè)”用不定冠詞，且autumn 是以元音音素開頭的單詞，故選 B。()6.(2011 年廣東)I really like _ book

17、you lentme yesterday.AaBanCtheD/C 表示特指“你昨天借給我的”那本書，用定冠詞 the。故選 C。()7.(2013 年廣東清遠(yuǎn))Her daughter began to play_ piano when she was five.Now shes very good at it.AanBaCtheD/C 表示演奏某種樂器時(shí)，樂器名稱前要用定冠詞 the，故選 C。()8.(2013 年廣東佛山)In LA Lingling lived with_ Smiths and got on well with the host family.A. aBtheC/B

18、“the姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”可以表示一家人或夫婦二人，故選 B。()9.(2014 年廣東河源)Miss Liu wants to lose weight.Shejust has _ cup of milk for _ breakfast every day.Aa; theCthe; aBa; /Dthe; /B“一杯牛奶”的表達(dá)為 a cup of milk；三餐前不加冠詞，故選 B。()10.(2014 年廣東深圳)Do you know _ girlwho is standing under _ tree?Of course! She is Lucy, my classmate.Athe; the

19、Ca; /Ba; aD/; theA 表示特指“那個(gè)站在那棵樹下的女孩”，用定冠詞 the；那棵樹也是特指，故用 the。()11.(2014年廣東茂名)I lost _ pen he gave meyesterday, but now Ive bought _ new one.A. a; theBthe; aCa; aB 第一空特指“昨天他給我的那支鋼筆”，故用 the；第二空泛指“一支鋼筆”，表示數(shù)量“一”，故用 a。()12.(2013年廣東)Dont talk to Simon like that.He is just_ eleven-year-old boy.A. aBanCtheD

20、/B 題意：不要那樣對(duì)西蒙說話，他只是一個(gè) 11 歲的小男孩。此處表示泛指，且后面 eleven-year-old 是以元音音素開頭的單詞，故選 B。()13.(2010 年廣東湛江)What _ interestingcat it is!Yes, I like it very much.A. aBanCtheD/B根據(jù)題意“多么有趣的一只貓！ ”可知表示數(shù)量“一”，且 interesting 是以元音音素開頭，故選 B。()14.(2012 年廣東梅州)Its _ pleasure to see_ sun rising in _ east.A. /; the; /Ca; the; theBa

21、; /; /D/; the; theC第 一 空 考 查 “Its a pleasure to do sth.” 句 型 ， 其 中pleasure 是抽象名詞具體化，意為“一件愉快的事情”；第二空表示獨(dú)一無二的事物，要用定冠詞 the；第三空表示方位，用定冠詞 the。故選 C。()15.(2013 年廣東深圳)_ apple a day keepsthe doctor away!What do you mean? I have never heard of _saying before.AAn; aCA; theBAn; theDA; aB題意：“一天一個(gè)蘋果，醫(yī)生遠(yuǎn)離我 ( 即身體好)。

22、”“什么意思？我以前從沒聽說過這個(gè)諺語?！钡谝豢毡硎緮?shù)量“一個(gè)”，且 apple 是以元音音素開頭，故用 an；第二空特指上面提到的那條諺語，要用定冠詞 the。故選 B。()16.(2013 年廣東茂名)In _ first photo, the manis playing _ guitar.A. the; theBthe; /Ca; aA 在序數(shù)詞和表示樂器的名詞前用定冠詞 the。()17.(2014年廣東佛山)Lao She was a very famouswriter and even _ young like his works.A. theB/CaA 在形容詞前加 the 表示這一類人。the young 年輕人。