哈佛大學(xué)公開課《happiness》.ppt

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Psychology1504PositivePsychology BridgingIvoryTowerandMainStreet Theobjectiveofpositivepsychologyistounitetherigorofacademicresearchwiththeaccessibilityoftheself helpmovement Housekeeping FeedbackorquestionsIncaseofanemergency we lltakeaPP breakPowerpointsandvideotapeonwebsiteActivenote takingRegularTime Ins Wordsarenotthesolemediumofexchangeinteachingandlearning weeducatewithsilenceaswell Silencegivesusachancetoreflectonwhatwehavesaidandheard Inauthenticeducation silenceistreatedasatrustworthymatrixfortheinnerworkstudentsmustdo amediumforlearningofthedeepestsort TheRoadtoPositivePsychology HumanisticPsychology 50 s TheThirdForceReactiontobehaviorism FirstForce Reactiontopsychoanalysis SecondForce Lackedrigorousmethodology AbrahamMaslow 1908 1970 KarenHorney 1885 1952 MeettheGrandparents AaronAntonovsky 1923 1994 Meet1504 MeettheParents MartinSeligman EllenLanger PhilipStone Itisnotmerelyaboutinformation Itisalsoabouttransformation Coveringless uncoveringmore Inpursuitofknowledge everydaysomethingisacquired inpursuitofwisdom everydaysomethingisdropped LaoTzu Thesoulgrowsbysubtraction notaddition Thoreau InSearchof WOW Thereisno WOW Makingcommonsensemorecommon Informationisnotenough Whatiswrongisnotthegreatdiscoveriesofscience informationisalwaysbetterthanignorance nomatterwhatinformationorwhatignorance Whatiswrongisthebeliefbehindtheinformation thebeliefthatinformationwillchangetheworld Itwon t ArchibaldMaCleish Informationisnotenough Humanisticphilosophy offers anewconceptionoflearning ofteaching andofeducation Statedsimply suchaconceptholdsthatthefunctionofeducation thegoalofeducation thehumangoal thehumanisticgoal thegoalsofarashumanbeingsareconcerned isultimatelythe self actualization ofaperson thebecomingfullyhuman thedevelopmentofthefullestheightthatthehumanspeciescanstanduptoorthattheparticularindividualcancometo Inalesstechnicalway itishelpingthepersontobecomethebestthatheisabletobecome AbrahamMaslow Itisnotaboutprovidingdefinitiveanswersconcerningthegoodlife Itisaboutidentifyingtherightquestions Educationisthequestforinformationandtransformation andthereforemustbeginwithaquestion Themostcommonsourceofmistakesinmanagementdecisionsistheemphasisonfindingtherightanswerratherthantherightquestion PeterDrucker Theonerealobjectofeducationistoleaveamanintheconditionofcontinuallyaskingquestions BishopCreighton TheQuestionofQuestions Howcanwehelpourselvesandothers individuals communities andsociety becomehappier Itisnotasurveyofpositivepsychology Itisaselectiveexplorationofthe questionofquestions EclecticCrossculturalpsychology Wewere alittlesurprisedbytheDalaiLama sseemingresistancetothenotionofculturaldifferences DanielGoleman StudyingOurselves aswell Whatismostpersonalismostgeneral CarlRogers Wemustrememberthatknowledgeofone sowndeepnatureisalsosimultaneouslyknowledgeofhumannatureingeneral AbrahamMaslow Thereisonething andonlyoneinthewholeuniversewhichweknowmoreaboutthanwecouldlearnfromexternalobservation Thatonethingis ourselves Wehave sotospeak insideinformation weareintheknow CSLewis ItisnotEnglish10aorMath55 Itisaboutrigorousfun Iwouldnotgiveafigforthesimplicityonthissideofcomplexity butIwouldgivemylifeforthesimplicityontheothersideofcomplexity OliverWendellHolmes Adifferentkindofeffort OnMonday don ttellmehowgreatitwas tellmewhatyou redoingdifferently PeterDrucker FinalProject 20 30minutePresentationAnytopicwithinpositivepsychologyWrittentext 10 15pagesdoublespaced Slides wordorpowerpoints Include ReferencetoresearchOptional stories filmclips exercises etcWhyapresentation TeachingaslearningSpreadgoodness WhyPositivePsychology Anger 5 584Anxiety 41 416Depression 54 040 PsychologicalAbstracts 1967 2000 Joy 415Happiness 1 710Lifesatisfaction 2 582 Ratio 21 1 FocusingonWhatDoesn tWork Thescienceofpsychologyhasbeenfarmoresuccessfulonthenegativethanonthepositiveside ithasrevealedtousmuchaboutman sshortcomings hisillnesses hissins butlittleabouthispotentialities hisvirtues hisachievableaspirations orhispsychologicalheight Itisasifpsychologyhadvoluntarilyrestricteditselftoonlyhalfitsrightfuljurisdiction andthatthedarker meanerhalf AbrahamMaslow PsychologyNeedsHelp 21 1ratioisunhealthy butitreflectsrealitydepression10timeshighertodaythan1960meanagefordepressiontodayis14 5 comparedto29 5in1960 DoesPsychologyNeedHelp 21 1ratioofstudiesisunhealthy butitreflectsrealitydepression10timeshighertodaythan1960meanagefordepressiontodayis14 5 comparedto29 5in1960 mentalhealthcrisisoncampusesnationwide Kadison 2005 worldwidementalhealthepidemic WhyPositivePsychology TheimportanceoffocusingonwhatworksHappinessisnotthenegationofunhappinessPreventionthroughcultivatingcapacity 1 TheImportanceofFocusingonWhatWorks TheaimofPositivePsychologyistocatalyzeachangeinpsychologyfromapreoccupationonlywithrepairingtheworstthingsinlifetoalsobuildingthebestqualitiesinlife MartinSeligman ReframingQuestions TheCaseofAt RiskPopulation Traditionalpsychology Post WWII Whydotheseindividualsfail Positivepsychologicalapproach 1980s Whatmakessomeindividualssucceeddespiteunfavorablecircumstances Resilience Aclassofphenomenacharacterizedbypatternsofpositiveadaptationinthecontextofsignificantadversityorrisk Masten Reed Superkids Ordinarycharacteristics extraordinaryresultsOptimismFaithandasenseofmeaningProsocialbehaviorFocusingonstrengthsSetgoalsArolemodelSocialsupport FromPathogenicQuestionstoSalutogenicQuestions Allthosefamiliarwiththehistoryofscienceareawarethatimportantadvancescomewiththeformulationofnewquestions Thequestionisthebreakthrough theanswercomeswithdifficulty butitisthenewquestionthatisimportant Thesalutogenicquestion Isubmittoyou isaradicallynewquestion whichprovidestheimpetusforformulatinganewparadigmtohelpusunderstandhealthandillness Ithasseriousimplicationsforresearcherandclinician biologicalandsocialscientistalike AaronAntonovsky Weseewhatwelookforandwemissmuchofwhatwearenotlookingforeventhoughitisthere Ourexperienceoftheworldisheavilyinfluencedbywhereweplaceourattention StavrosandTorres RolemodelsHighExpectationsFromblametoresponsibilityToughandrespectfulOptimismandfaithinfutureFromfocusingondeficienciestofocusingonstrengths PassiveVictimVs ActiveAgent selfpityblamefrustrationanger takeactionresponsibilityconfidencehopeandoptimism ReframingQuestions TheCaseofaChicagoSchool TraditionalWay Howcanwekeepstudentsinschool MarvaCollins Way Howcanwecultivatetheseedofgreatnessinourstudents Howcanwecultivatetheseedofgreatnessinourselvesandfamilies inourcommunitiesandorganization inournationandourworld 2 Happinessisn ttheNegationofUnhappiness DiseaseModelHealthModel FocusonweaknessesFocusonstrengthsOvercomingdeficienciesBuildingcompetenciesAvoidingpainSeekingpleasureRunningfromunhappinessPursuinghappinessNeutralstate 0 asceilingNoceilingTensionlessasidealCreativetensionasideal 0 neurosis anger anxiety wellbeing satisfaction joydepression psychosisexcitement happiness 3 PreventionthroughCultivatingPositive Illnessastheabsenceofhealth vs healthastheabsenceofillness It neurosis isafallingshortofwhatonecouldhavebeen andeven onecouldsay ofwhatoneshouldhavebeen biologicallyspeaking thatis ifonehadgrownanddevelopedinanunimpededway Humanandpersonalpossibilitieshavebeenlost Theworldhasbeennarrowed andsohasconsciousness Capacitieshavebeeninhibited AbrahamMaslow Wehavediscoveredthattherearehumanstrengthsthatactasbuffersagainstmentalillness courage future mindedness optimism interpersonalskill faith workethic hope honesty perseverance thecapacityforflowandinsight tonameseveral Wehaveshownthatlearningoptimismpreventsdepressionandanxietyinchildrenandadults roughlyhalvingtheirincidenceoverthenexttwoyears Similarly Ibelieve thatifwewishtopreventdrugabuseinteenagerswhogrowupinaneighborhoodthatputsthematrisk thattheeffectivepreventionisnotremedial Ratheritconsistsofidentifyingandamplifyingthestrengthsthattheseteensalreadyhave MartinSeligman CultivatingCapacity Stronger psychologicalimmunesystem Largerandstronger psychologicalengine MentalhealthatHarvard ThemessageofthePositivePsychologymovementistoremindourfieldthatithasbeendeformed Psychologyisnotjustthestudyofdisease weakness anddamage italsoisthestudyofstrengthandvirtue Treatmentisnotjustfixingwhatiswrong italsoisbuildingwhatisright Psychologyisnotjustaboutillnessorhealth itisaboutwork education insight love growth andplay Andinthisquestforwhatisbest PositivePsychologydoesnotrelyonwishfulthinking self deceptionorhand waving insteadittriestoadaptwhatisbestinthescientificmethodtotheuniqueproblemsthathumanbehaviorpresentsinallitscomplexity MartinSeligman BibliographyandRecommendationswww psychologymatters orghttp www ppc sas upenn edu Antonovsky 1979 Health Stress andCoping SanFransisco Jossey Bass Masten A S Reed M J 2002 Resilienceindevelopment InC R SnyderandS J Lopez Eds HandbookofPositivePsychology 528 540 OxfordUniversityPress Seligman M E P Csikszentmihalyi M 2000 PositivePsychology AmericanPsychologist 55 5 14 Sheldon K M King L 2001 WhyPositivePsychologyIsNecessary AmericanPsychologist 56 216 217 Snyder C R Lopez S J Eds 2002 HandbookofPositivePsychology 528 540 OxfordUniversityPress Collins M Tamarkin C 1990 MarvaCollins Way Putnam NewYork Werner E Smith R 2001 JourneysfromChildhoodtoMidlife Risk ResilienceandRecovery CornellUniversityPress