天津市武清區(qū)楊村第四中學(xué)高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題九 正反解讀動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)課件 外研版

《天津市武清區(qū)楊村第四中學(xué)高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題九 正反解讀動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)課件 外研版》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《天津市武清區(qū)楊村第四中學(xué)高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題九 正反解讀動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)課件 外研版（77頁珍藏版）》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、正反解讀動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正反解讀動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 高考鏈接高考鏈接高考鏈接12011安徽卷安徽卷 What do you think of store shopping in the future?Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but_.Awill never replaceBwould never replaceCwill never be replacedDwould never be replaced解析 C考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。答句意思是：我認(rèn)為商店購物將與居家購物并存而不會被其取代。表示“被取代”

2、應(yīng)用replace的被動語態(tài)，同時(shí)是對將來的描述，用將來時(shí)態(tài)，故答案為C。高考鏈接高考鏈接 22011北京卷 Experiments of this kind_ in both the US. and Europe well before the Second World War. Ahave conducted Bhave been conducted Chad conductedDhad been conducted 解析 D考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。由常識可知，謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在二戰(zhàn)之前，很顯然，這是“過去的過去”，所以應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)。conduct 和experiments是動賓關(guān)系，

3、所以用被動語態(tài)。 高考鏈接高考鏈接 32011福建卷 Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they_ from China. AreceiveBare receiving Chave receivedDhad received 解析 D考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：上個月日本政府對中國的救援表達(dá)了謝意。“接受幫助”發(fā)生在“表達(dá)”之前，故用過去完成時(shí)。 高考鏈接高考鏈接 42011湖南卷 Joan，what _ in your hand? Look！Its a birthday gift for m

4、y grandma. Ahad you held Bare you holding Cdo you hold Dwill you hold 解析 B考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)答話人所說的“Look！”可判斷問話人是詢問瓊手里正拿著什么，即表示此時(shí)此刻正在發(fā)生的動作，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 高考鏈接高考鏈接52011江蘇卷 I hear you _ in a pub. Whats it like? Well, its very hard work and Im always tired, but I dont mind. Aare working Bwill work Cwere working Dwill

5、 be working 解析 A考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)答語用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)可知hear后接的從句也用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。故選A項(xiàng)。 高考鏈接高考鏈接時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成構(gòu)成常用時(shí)間狀語常用時(shí)間狀語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 動詞原形動詞原形(第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)) always, usually, often, sometimes, every., twice a week 等等一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí) 動詞過去式動詞過去式 yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last., .ago 等等一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí) will (shall)動詞原形動詞原形 tom

6、orrow, the day after tomorrow, next., in.等等 be going to動詞原形動詞原形 be about to動詞原形動詞原形 be to動詞原形動詞原形過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí) would動詞原形動詞原形 多用于間接引語的賓語從句中多用于間接引語的賓語從句中將來進(jìn)行時(shí)將來進(jìn)行時(shí) will (shall)be現(xiàn)在分現(xiàn)在分詞詞 at eight (this time) tomorrow 等等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am (is, are)現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語 now, during these days, 或或 look, listen 等引起注意

7、的等引起注意的詞語詞語過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was (were)現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 at eight (this time) yesterday 等等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have (has)過去分詞過去分詞 already, just, yet, since., for.等等過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí) had過去分詞過去分詞 by., before.等等現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)行時(shí) have (has)been現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞分詞 for., since.等等二、常用的10種動詞時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及其常用時(shí)間狀語一覽表考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 考點(diǎn)歸納動詞時(shí)態(tài)動詞時(shí)態(tài) 考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)( (動詞用原形或

8、單數(shù)動詞用原形或單數(shù)第三人稱后加第三人稱后加s/s/eses等等) )規(guī)則規(guī)則1 1：表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理：表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理( (不受時(shí)不受時(shí)態(tài)限制態(tài)限制) )。如：。如：The geography teacher told us the The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.earth moves around the sun. 規(guī)則規(guī)則2：表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時(shí)多用系動詞或狀態(tài)動詞；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作，多用行為動詞，且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用。如： We always care for each

9、 other and help each other. 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則規(guī)則3：表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem等。如：Smith owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. 規(guī)則規(guī)則4：少數(shù)用于表示起止的動詞如come, go, leave, arrive, fly

10、, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。表示一個按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如： The shop closes at 11：00 pm. every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday. 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則規(guī)則5：在時(shí)間、條件、方式及讓步狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。但要注意由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。如：If you will accept my invitation and come to our party,

11、 my family will be pleased.規(guī)則規(guī)則7： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)所對應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語常見的有：often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等。 考點(diǎn)二現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/is/arev.ing)規(guī)則規(guī)則1：表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個動作。如：It is raining now. 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則規(guī)則2：表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作。如：She is leaving for Beijing. 她要去北京。He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要當(dāng)老師。 規(guī)則規(guī)則3：代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，描繪更加

12、生動。如： The Changjiang River is flowing into the east. 長江滾滾向東流去。 The sun is rising in the east. 太陽從東方冉冉升起。 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則規(guī)則4：與always, often, forever, constantly, continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩，但并非強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行。如：He is always helping others.他總是幫助其他人。She is always forgetting something.她老是忘記某些事情。 規(guī)則規(guī)則5：下面四類動詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行

13、時(shí)： (1)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動詞：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need, etc. (2)表示存在的狀態(tài)的動詞及短語：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on, etc. 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 (3)表示瞬時(shí)性動作的動詞：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete, etc.(4)表示感官的動詞：see, hear, notice, feel, smell,

14、 sound, taste, look，etc.規(guī)則規(guī)則6：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)所對應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語常見的有：now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等。 考點(diǎn)三現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(has/havev.ed)規(guī)則規(guī)則1：表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，或說話時(shí)剛剛完成的動作。如： I have finished the report. She has cleaned the room. 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則規(guī)則2： 表示從過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for”， “since”表述的一段時(shí)間狀語連用。如：He has lea

15、rned English for six years. They have worked here since they left college. 規(guī)則規(guī)則3：表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地(人已回來)”用“have/has been to”；表示“到某地去了(還未回來)”用“have/has gone to”。如： Where is Li Hua? He has gone to the readingroom. She knows a lot about Shanghai. She has been there. 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則規(guī)則4：在時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中表達(dá)將來某時(shí)已

16、經(jīng)完成的動作。如：When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.Well start at six if it has stopped raining by then. 【溫馨提示】 這里的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動作在主句動作之前完成， 如果兩個動作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生， 則不必用完成時(shí)。試比較： Ill let you know as soon as I hear from her. She will call you when she gets home. 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則規(guī)則5：

17、短暫動詞(即瞬間動詞)及短語如：join, lose, buy, borrow, lend, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out, take part in等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如： He has joined the army three years.( ) He joined the army three years ago. ( ) He has been in the army for three years. ( ) It is/

18、has been three years since he joined the army. ( ) 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則規(guī)則6：下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： (1)It is (has been)一段時(shí)間since從句(過去時(shí)) (2)This (That/It) is the first (second) time that現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (3)This(That/It)is the onlythat現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (4)This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interestingthat現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則規(guī)則7：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)對應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語： re

19、cently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years， for時(shí)間段， since時(shí)間點(diǎn)等。 考點(diǎn)四一般過去時(shí)(ed或不規(guī)則變化)規(guī)則規(guī)則1：一般過去時(shí)的基本用法：表示過去的事情、動作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過去具體的時(shí)間狀語連用(或有上下文語境暗示)；用于表達(dá)過去的習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài)；表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過去時(shí)。如：I met her in the street yesterday.I thought the film would be interesting, but it isnt.

20、 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則規(guī)則2： 如果從句中有一個過去的時(shí)間狀語，盡管從句中的動作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語動詞仍用過去時(shí)。如：He told me he read an interesting novel last night. 規(guī)則規(guī)則3：表示兩個緊接著發(fā)生的動作，常由以下詞語連接，用一般過去時(shí)。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute, etc. The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her. 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則規(guī)則4

21、：用于I didnt realize, I didnt know或I forgot，表示事先不知道或不記得，但現(xiàn)在已知道或記得的事情。如：I didnt know you were here.(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道)Sorry, I forgot to bring my book.(“忘記帶書”已成為過去的事了) 規(guī)則規(guī)則5：一般過去時(shí)所對應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語常見的有：then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/next few months等。 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 考點(diǎn)五過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/werev.ing)規(guī)則規(guī)則1：表示過去

22、某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作(這一過去時(shí)間需用時(shí)間狀語表示)。如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.規(guī)則規(guī)則2：表示一個動作在另一個過去動作發(fā)生時(shí)進(jìn)行。如：They were still working when I left. 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則規(guī)則3：指兩個過去正在進(jìn)行的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生。如： I was writing while he was watching TV.規(guī)則規(guī)則4：過去計(jì)劃、安排好的將來動作(只限于plan, come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly,

23、 travel, stay等)。如： He said (that) she was arriving the next day.規(guī)則規(guī)則5：與always, often, forever, constantly, continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩。如：Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others instead of thinking of himself. 規(guī)則規(guī)則6：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來描繪故事發(fā)生時(shí)的背景。如： The wind was blowing and it was raining hard. 規(guī)則規(guī)則7：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

24、對應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語常見的有：then, at that time, at this time yesterday等。 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 考點(diǎn)六過去完成時(shí)(hadv.ed)規(guī)則規(guī)則1：在by, by the end of, by the time, until, before后接表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語或從句，其謂語動詞則表示在某一時(shí)刻或某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動作，即“過去的過去”。如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則規(guī)則2：表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一過去時(shí)刻的動作或狀態(tài)，即“從過去到過去”。

25、如：When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour.規(guī)則規(guī)則3：表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述動詞過去時(shí)接不定式完成式表示，即：hoped/plannedto have done。如：I had hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so. 規(guī)則規(guī)則4：表示“一就”的幾個句型： hardly/scarcelywhen (

26、before)；no soonerthan We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則規(guī)則5：It/That/This was the first (second，third)time that(從句中用過去完成時(shí)態(tài))。如： It was the second time that he had been out with her. 規(guī)則規(guī)則6：過去完成時(shí)對應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語常見的有：before, by the end

27、 of last month/years等。 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 考點(diǎn)七一般將來時(shí)(will/shall/be going to do)規(guī)則規(guī)則1：表示未來的動作或狀態(tài)常用will/shall動詞原形。規(guī)則規(guī)則2：表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣性動作。如： Well die without air or water.規(guī)則規(guī)則3：表示趨向行為的動詞，如： come，go，start，begin，leave等詞，常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)。 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則規(guī)則4：be going to do 與will/shall do, be to do, be about to do的用法及區(qū)別： (1)shal

28、l/will do表示事先未考慮過，即說話時(shí)臨時(shí)做出的決定。如： Youve left the light on. Oh, so I have. Ill go and turn it off. (2)在祈使句and/or陳述句句型中，陳述句中只能用will/情態(tài)動詞動詞原形。如： Work hard, and you will pass the exam. 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 (3)be going to表示現(xiàn)在打算最近或?qū)硪瞿呈?，這種打算往往經(jīng)過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備；表將來，不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中；而will則能，表意愿。如： If it is fine, well go f

29、ishing.() If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.() (4)be to do sth. 表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。如： A meeting is to be held at 3：00 this afternoon. 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 (5)be about to do sth. 表示“即將，就要”，后面不能接具體時(shí)間狀語或狀語從句。如： Autumn harvest is about to start. 規(guī)則規(guī)則5：一般將來時(shí)對應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語常見的有： tomorrow, today, next w

30、eek/month， in an hour, in the coming/following few weeks等。 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 考點(diǎn)八過去將來時(shí)(would do, was/were going to do)規(guī)則規(guī)則1：表示從過去某時(shí)看來將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)或過去的意圖打算(主要用于賓語從句中)。如：She was sure she would succeed.規(guī)則規(guī)則2：表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。如：When he was young, he would go swimming. 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 【溫馨提示】 would與used to的區(qū)別：would只表示過去，不涉及現(xiàn)在；而us

31、ed to表示“過去常?！币c現(xiàn)在比較，即現(xiàn)在不是這樣了。規(guī)則規(guī)則3： 過去將來時(shí)對應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語常見的有：the following month, the next week等。 考點(diǎn)九幾種易混時(shí)態(tài)的辨析1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的、習(xí)慣性的或狀態(tài)性的行為。 而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)則具有進(jìn)行性、未完成性和暫時(shí)性的特點(diǎn)。如：On the wall hangs a picture painted by Qi Baishi.This is not my coat. Mine is hanging behind the door. 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 2一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)所表達(dá)的事

32、件與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果。如：I stayed in Beijing for five days. Then I went to America. (I am not in Beijing now. )I have stayed in Beijing for five days and havent decided where to go next. (I am still in Beijing now and dont know where to go next.)考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 3一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或過去存在的狀態(tài)。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)則

33、表示在過去某個時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段正在做某事。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)具有進(jìn)行性、未完成性和暫時(shí)性的特點(diǎn)。如：I read a book last month.(書已經(jīng)在過去某個時(shí)間點(diǎn)讀完)I was reading a book last month.(書未讀完) 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 4一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)判斷是不是過去完成時(shí)應(yīng)先從時(shí)間軸上找到表示“過去”的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或動作，然后判斷在這個時(shí)間點(diǎn)或動作之前還有沒有另一個動作，并且判斷該句是否強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)生在前。如：The moment I got home, I found I had left my jacket on the playground. 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納

34、5完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)分別表示某一動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或過去某一時(shí)間。 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)雖然也表示一個動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或過去某一時(shí)間，但更強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性。完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的結(jié)果，完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的延續(xù)。如： Why does the river smell terrible? Because the water has been polluted. He has been writing articles for our newspaper these years, and he has written about 40 in all. 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 動詞語態(tài)

35、 考點(diǎn)一概念動詞的語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如：People speak English all over the world.(主動語態(tài))English is spoken all over the world.(被動語態(tài)) 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 常用被動語態(tài) 構(gòu)成(以ask為例)常用被動語態(tài) 構(gòu)成(以ask為例)1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are asked 6過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were being asked 2一般過去時(shí)was/were asked 7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has been asked 考點(diǎn)二動詞的被動語態(tài)

36、構(gòu)成(以ask為例) 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 常用被動語態(tài) 構(gòu)成(以ask為例)常用被動語態(tài) 構(gòu)成(以ask為例)3一般將來時(shí)shall/will be asked 8過去完成時(shí) had been asked4過去將來時(shí)would be asked 9將來完成時(shí) will/shall have been asked5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are being asked 10含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)can/must/may/should etc. be asked 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則規(guī)則1：不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況。 (1)所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。 (2)表示狀態(tài)的謂語

37、動詞，如：hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, last, look like, consist of等。 (3)表示歸屬的動詞及短語，如： have, own, belong to等。 (4)表示“希望， 意圖”的動詞，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等。 (5)賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動語態(tài)。 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 (6)賓語是同源賓語、不定式、動名詞等時(shí)謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài)。 (7)有些動詞以其主動形式表示被動意義，特別是當(dāng)主語是物時(shí)。這類常見的動詞有sell, w

38、rite, wash, open, lock等。 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則規(guī)則2：主動形式表被動意義。 (1)當(dāng)feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后接形容詞時(shí)；當(dāng)cut, read, sell, wear, write等詞后接狀語修飾語well/smoothly等時(shí)；當(dāng)動詞表示“開始、發(fā)生、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動”等意義時(shí)，均用主動形式表被動意義。如： These novels wont sell well. My pen writes smoothly. The door wont lock. The lamps on the wall turn off. 考點(diǎn)歸

39、納考點(diǎn)歸納 (2)want, require, need后面的動名詞用主動形式表示被動含義。 (3)be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。 (4)在“be形容詞to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語時(shí)，不定式用主動形式表被動含義。如： The girl isnt easy to get along with. 另外：be to blame(受譴責(zé))，be to rent(出租)也用主動形式表被動含義。 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則規(guī)則3：被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別。被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)。如： The plate was broken by the cat.(

40、被動語態(tài)) How did this dish get broken？(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) 考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 反面解讀反面解讀反面解讀1Hi, Lucy, you look tired.Im really tired. I the living room all day.ApaintedBhad paintedChave been painting Dhave been painted【誤】【誤】 學(xué)生容易分辨不清學(xué)生容易分辨不清C與與D的區(qū)別，而的區(qū)別，而誤選誤選D。【正【正】 C解析 C項(xiàng)是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示過去發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能會繼續(xù)下去。這一點(diǎn)是從時(shí)間狀語all day(整天)看

41、出來的。 反面解讀反面解讀2Nancy is not coming tonight. But she ！(promise)【誤】 has promised【正】 promised解析 南?！按饝?yīng)要來”這個動作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在過去，是過去作出的承諾，前文已告訴我們“她不來了”，因此諾言已跟現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系，只是過去的一個動作。 反面解讀反面解讀 3托尼給我打電話時(shí)，我剛完成工作，要開始洗澡。 【誤】 When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and started to take a shower. 【正】 When Tony phoned me I

42、had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower. 解析 從關(guān)鍵信息I had just finished my work可以看出是“正要開始洗澡”應(yīng)該是進(jìn)行時(shí)，was starting 可以表示馬上就要進(jìn)行的動作；而started表示“開始了”。 反面解讀反面解讀 4I dont really work here; I until the new secretary arrives. Ajust help out Bhave just helped out Cam just helping out Dwill just h

43、elp out 【誤】 此題易受第一句話的影響，而誤選A。 【正】 表示“我”現(xiàn)在只是在臨時(shí)幫忙，是現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作，選C。 解析 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在的、經(jīng)常性的行為或狀態(tài)，而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行的、暫時(shí)性的動作。 反面解讀反面解讀5很多的鳥類正被人們捕殺。【誤】 Many birds are killed now.【正】 Many birds are being killed now.解析 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)要完整，不能遺漏其中的助動詞，導(dǎo)致時(shí)態(tài)錯誤。 反面解讀反面解讀形式變化規(guī)則構(gòu)成方法例詞原形see, finish, teach第七講動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞的時(shí)態(tài)一、動詞的基本形

44、式形式變化規(guī)則構(gòu)成方法例詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式 一般情況 加-s looklooks, writewrites 以 ch, sh, s, x 結(jié)尾 加-es teachteaches, finishfinishes, guessguesses, mixmixes 以 o 結(jié)尾 加-es dodoes, gogoes 以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾 變 y 為 i，加-es trytries, crycries 過去式、 過去分 詞規(guī)則 變化 一般情況 加-ed staystayed, looklooked 以不發(fā)音 e 結(jié)尾 直接加-d decidedecided, hopehoped 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末

45、 尾只有一個輔音字母 雙寫末尾的輔 音字母再加-ed stopstopped, admitadmitted 以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾 變 y 為 i，加 -ed carrycarried, trytried現(xiàn)在分詞 一般情況 加-ing gogoing, readreading 以不發(fā)音 e 結(jié)尾 去 e，再加-ing havehaving, writewriting 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末 尾只有一個輔音字母 雙寫末尾的輔 音字母再加-ing cutcutting, runrunning續(xù)表時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成常用時(shí)間狀語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 動詞原形(第三人稱單數(shù)) always, usually, often, s

46、ometimes, every., twice a week 等一般過去時(shí) 動詞過去式 yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last., .ago 等一般將來時(shí) will (shall)動詞原形 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next., in.等 be going to動詞原形 be about to動詞原形 be to動詞原形過去將來時(shí) would動詞原形 多用于間接引語的賓語從句中將來進(jìn)行時(shí) will (shall)be現(xiàn)在分詞 at eight (this time) tomorr

47、ow 等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am (is, are)現(xiàn)在分詞 時(shí)間狀語 now, during these days, 或 look, listen 等引起注意的詞語過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was (were)現(xiàn)在分詞 at eight (this time) yesterday 等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have (has)過去分詞 already, just, yet, since., for.等過去完成時(shí) had過去分詞 by., before.等現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) have (has)been現(xiàn)在分詞 for., since.等二、常用的10種動詞時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及其常用時(shí)間狀語一覽表三、注意以下幾種時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別1一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)

48、在完成時(shí)(1)一般過去時(shí)只表示過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，常與表過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，即僅談過去，不關(guān)現(xiàn)在。如：I went to swim yesterday.昨天我去游泳了。(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，可能剛結(jié)束，也可能繼續(xù)下去。不能與表過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，譯成漢語時(shí)可加“已經(jīng)”。如：I have spent all of my money, so I have no money to buy aticket.我已經(jīng)花掉了所有的錢，所以我沒錢買票了。2一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重于說明發(fā)生某動作的事實(shí)。如：It rained heavily

49、 last night.昨晚雨下得很大。(2)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)在過去某個特定時(shí)間某動作的持續(xù)過程或表示動作正在進(jìn)行。如：It was raining cats and dogs last night.昨晚一直在下著傾盆大雨。3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)在含義上著重表示動作的結(jié)果。如：I have read that book.我已經(jīng)讀了那本書。(2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)著重表示動作一直在進(jìn)行，即動作的延續(xù)性。如：I have been reading that book all the morning.今天早上我一直在讀那本書。動詞的語態(tài)一、概念動詞的語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語

50、態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如：全世界的人都在講英語。People speak English all over the world.(主動語態(tài))English is spoken all over the world.(被動語態(tài))常用被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成常用被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are asked 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has been asked一般過去時(shí) was/were asked 過去完成時(shí) had been asked一般將來時(shí) will/shall be asked 過去將來時(shí) should/would be asked現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) a

51、m/is/are being asked 過去將來完成 時(shí) should/would have been asked過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were being asked 含有情態(tài)動詞 can/must/may.be asked二、動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成(以ask為例)注意：1被動語態(tài)的否定式是在第一個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后加not。2短語動詞的被動語態(tài)不可漏掉其中的介、副詞。3固定結(jié)構(gòu) be going to, used to, have to, had better 變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，只需將其后的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。4 It is said/believed/supposed/reported that

52、., It is generallyconsidered that., It is well-known that. 等 ， 及 It must beadmitted/pointed out that.等結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞常以被動形式出現(xiàn)。5以下主動形式常表被動意義：The bike needs/wants/requires repairing.這輛自行車需要修理。The film is worth seeing.這部電影值得看。The door wont shut/open.這門不能關(guān)/開。The play wont act.這部戲不會上演。The clothes wash well.這件衣服很好洗。The book sells well.這本書很暢銷。The dish tastes delicious.這道菜嘗起來很美味。6以下單詞或短語沒有被動語態(tài)：happen, appear, become,last, cost, occur, lack, fit, mean, join, equal, fail, enter, have,contain, belong to, take place, break out, come about, consist of,lose heart, keep up with 等。