高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專題訓(xùn)練 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)課件 新人教版
《高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專題訓(xùn)練 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)課件 新人教版》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專題訓(xùn)練 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)課件 新人教版(42頁(yè)珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P P192 192 語(yǔ)法歸納歸納語(yǔ)法歸納語(yǔ)法 分類詳解分類詳解一、動(dòng)詞的基本形式動(dòng)詞有五種基本形式:動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞,它們單獨(dú)或與助動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。二、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)英語(yǔ)中表示不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),需用不同的時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)是動(dòng)作在不同情況下發(fā)生或存在狀態(tài)的表現(xiàn)形式,從時(shí)間上分別有現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)和過(guò)去將來(lái)等幾種時(shí)態(tài);從動(dòng)作上分別有一般、進(jìn)行、完成和完成進(jìn)行等幾種時(shí)態(tài)。各種時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成列表如下:(以write為例)下面就常見(jiàn)的十一種時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行介紹:1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):實(shí)義動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞原形或第三人稱單數(shù)構(gòu)成(1)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性、
2、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作I often go to work by bus.我經(jīng)常乘公交車上班。She usually reads English after supper.通常情況下,她晚飯后讀英語(yǔ)。(2)現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)I am a teacher and I teach English.我是老師,教英語(yǔ)。We all love sports.我們都熱愛(ài)運(yùn)動(dòng)。(3)普遍真理Light travels faster than sound.光速比聲速快。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太陽(yáng)東升西落。2一般過(guò)去時(shí):實(shí)義動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式構(gòu)成(1
3、)表示在過(guò)去時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)He bought a new bike last week.上周他買了輛新自行車。They lived in the village for half a year.他們?cè)谀莻€(gè)村里住過(guò)半年。(2)表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作When I was a small child,I often went to that park and played football there.我小的時(shí)候經(jīng)常去那個(gè)公園里踢足球。When he was at college,he often went to the English corner and talked wit
4、h native English speakers.他上大學(xué)時(shí)經(jīng)常去英語(yǔ)角與來(lái)自英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的人聊天。(3)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的一系列動(dòng)作He entered the room,sat down,turned on his recorder and began to listen to English.他進(jìn)入房間,坐下,打開(kāi)錄音機(jī),開(kāi)始聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)。She went to the shop,bought some flowers and sent them to her teacher.她到商店買了一些花送給了她的老師。(4)used to do和would do可以表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)He
5、used to swim in that river in winter.以前,他經(jīng)常冬天到河里去游泳。She would walk to the town when she was young.她年輕時(shí)經(jīng)常步行去鎮(zhèn)上。used to do(be)表示“過(guò)去常常”而現(xiàn)在已不would do也表示“過(guò)去常?!钡簧婕艾F(xiàn)在(5)Its(high)time.,I would rather.后的從句謂語(yǔ)一般用過(guò)去時(shí)Its time we had a rest.我們?cè)撔菹⒁粫?huì)兒了。I would rather you went there tomorrow.我希望明天你去那里。(6)暗含在語(yǔ)境中,“原本
6、”Im sorry.I didnt know you were here.很抱歉,我不知道你在這兒。I never thought he would give me a birthday present.我從沒(méi)想到他會(huì)給我生日禮物。(7)be about to do.when.,正要做某事,突然I was about to go out when the telephone rang.我正要出門時(shí)突然電話響了。We were about to play football when it began to rain.我們正要踢足球,突然下起雨來(lái)。3一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)(1)w
7、ill/shall動(dòng)詞原形I will go to Tibet by bike some day.有朝一日我將騎自行車去西藏。He will be busy tonight.今天晚上他會(huì)很忙。(2)be going to動(dòng)詞原形打算、計(jì)劃做某事I am going to buy a dictionary tomorrow.我打算明天去買一本詞典。There is going to be a wonderful film in our school tonight.今天晚上學(xué)校有一場(chǎng)精彩的電影。即將、眼看要發(fā)生Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain
8、.看天上的烏云,眼看就要下雨。(3)be to動(dòng)詞原形:安排好的事We are to study physics next term.我們下學(xué)期將開(kāi)物理課。(4)be about to動(dòng)詞原形:即將發(fā)生的事The train is about to start.火車馬上出發(fā)。(5)按時(shí)刻表進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,可用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)The plane takes off at a quarter past nine.飛機(jī)九點(diǎn)一刻起飛。Class begins at ten past eight.八點(diǎn)十分上課。(6)用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)They are leaving for Washington tomorro
9、w.他們明天去華盛頓。常用動(dòng)詞:come,leave,go,move,start,arrive,stay等(7)主句是將來(lái)時(shí),狀語(yǔ)從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)We will go to the park if it doesnt rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我們就去公園。We will give it to him when he arrives.他一到我們就會(huì)把東西給他。One will not learn English well unless he studies hard.如果不努力,就學(xué)不好英語(yǔ)。I will tell her the news as soon as she come
10、s back.她一回來(lái)我就會(huì)告訴她這個(gè)消息。但:If she will make friends with him,I will tell him.如果她愿意與他交朋友,我會(huì)告訴他。If they will try it again,we will help them.如果他們?cè)敢庠僭囈淮?,我?huì)幫助他們?!皐ill”表示愿意4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is/are現(xiàn)在分詞(1)表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作I am talking and you are listening to me.我在說(shuō),你們?cè)诼?tīng)我說(shuō)。(2)表示目前這段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作He is writing a book this week
11、.這周他一直在寫書。Is my daughter working hard this term?我女兒這學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)努力嗎?(3)與always連用表示贊揚(yáng)、不滿等情緒The girl is always smiling happily.這個(gè)女孩總是面帶微笑。You are always making the same mistake.你怎么總犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)Hurry up,Tom!湯姆,快點(diǎn)。Im coming.我馬上來(lái)。(5)用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示變化過(guò)程It is getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天氣越來(lái)越暖和。She is find
12、ing that chemistry is much more difficult than biology.他逐漸感到化學(xué)比生物難學(xué)。(6)有些動(dòng)詞不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),它們是:感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,smell,taste,notice,feel等;表態(tài)度的動(dòng)詞believe,want,agree,like,hate,think等;另外還有have,belong to,consist,seem,depend,possess等5過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):was/were現(xiàn)在分詞表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作He was watching TV when I came in.當(dāng)我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)他正在看電視。
13、He was reading an English novel in the library this morning.今天上午他一直在圖書館讀英文小說(shuō)。Pardon? I wasnt listening just now.對(duì)不起請(qǐng)?jiān)僦v一遍,我剛才沒(méi)聽(tīng)。6現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):has/have過(guò)去分詞(1)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成(強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果)I have finished my work.我已做完了工作。He has found his lost key.他已經(jīng)找到了所丟失的鑰匙。(2)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)They have worked in that
14、 factory for ten years.他們已在那家工廠工作了十年。He has made a lot of friends since he came to Beijing.自從來(lái)到北京他已交了很多朋友。(3)have been與have gone的區(qū)別He has been to Washington twice.他已去過(guò)華盛頓兩次。(去過(guò))He has gone to Washington.他去了華盛頓。(去了,現(xiàn)在不在這里)(4)Its the first/the second/the third/the last time that從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Its the first
15、time that I have been here.這是我第一次來(lái)這里。Its the third time that he has made the same mistake.這已是他第三次犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。注意:延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:表示動(dòng)作可以持續(xù)一段時(shí)間live,learn,watch,walk,teach,work,rain非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:表示動(dòng)作瞬間即完成buy,come,arrive,open,close,join,see,leave延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以和時(shí)間段連用My grandparents have lived in the village for seventy ye
16、ars.我的祖父母已在這個(gè)小村莊住了七十年。He has worked in that office since last summer.去年夏天以來(lái)他一直在這里工作。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不與時(shí)間段連用他已經(jīng)來(lái)了半個(gè)小時(shí)了。He has come here for half an hour.(錯(cuò))He has been here for half an hour.他已經(jīng)去世15年了。He has died for fifteen years.(錯(cuò))He has been dead for fifteen years.He died fifteen years ago.非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的否定式可以與時(shí)間段連用
17、注意:一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的聯(lián)系與區(qū)別:聯(lián)系:動(dòng)作均發(fā)生在過(guò)去區(qū)別:一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作本身;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響He came here yesterday.他昨天來(lái)到這里。(強(qiáng)調(diào)他昨天來(lái)過(guò)這里)He has come here.他已經(jīng)來(lái)了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)他現(xiàn)在還在這里)I bought a computer last month.我上個(gè)月買了一臺(tái)電腦。(強(qiáng)調(diào)我上月買了電腦)I have bought a computer我買了臺(tái)電腦。(強(qiáng)調(diào)已買了電腦)7過(guò)去完成時(shí):had過(guò)去分詞(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)When I arrived there,the
18、 film had been on for ten minutes.當(dāng)我到那里時(shí)電影已開(kāi)演十分鐘了。They had learned Chinese for a year before they came to China.他們?cè)趤?lái)中國(guó)之前學(xué)過(guò)一年漢語(yǔ)。(2)表示愿望、打算的詞,如hope,expect,mean,suppose,want,intend等,過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去沒(méi)能實(shí)現(xiàn)I had hoped to go to Iraq.我本希望去伊拉克。She had meant to help you,but she had no time to spare then.她當(dāng)時(shí)本想幫助你們但騰不出
19、時(shí)間。特殊句式:Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.我們剛一開(kāi)始就被叫停。No sooner had the murderer come back home than he was arrested.殺人犯剛一進(jìn)家門就被抓了。Hardly.when.;No sooner.than.“一就”。前一時(shí)態(tài)用過(guò)去完成時(shí),后一時(shí)態(tài)用過(guò)去時(shí)8過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):would動(dòng)詞原形表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)He said he would visit the Palace Museum the next week.他說(shuō)下周去參觀故宮。He
20、 told me he would take me to the US the next month.他告訴我下月帶我去美國(guó)。They said they would not allow any reporter to enter their factory.他們說(shuō)不允許任何記者進(jìn)入他們工廠。9現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):has/have been現(xiàn)在分詞從過(guò)去開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作不間斷地延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。We have been waiting for him for three hours.我們已在此等了他3個(gè)小時(shí)了。It has been raining since this Monday.本周
21、一以來(lái)一直在下雨。10將來(lái)完成時(shí):will have過(guò)去分詞到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻為止,某一動(dòng)作將完成We will have completed the building by the end of next year.我們將在明年年底前把樓房建好。11將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí):will be現(xiàn)在分詞在將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻或某個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi),某個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行Please ask him not to phone me when he comes,I will be having a meeting.他來(lái)的時(shí)候告訴他別給我打電話,那時(shí)我正在開(kāi)會(huì)。三、動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)在英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中,動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài),主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是
22、動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。1被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成:助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞2各種常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):am/is/are過(guò)去分詞一般過(guò)去時(shí):was/were過(guò)去分詞一般將來(lái)時(shí):will be過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is/arebeing過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):was/werebeing過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/hasbeen過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去完成時(shí):hadbeen過(guò)去分詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:must/can/maybe過(guò)去分詞3被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法(1)不知道或沒(méi)必要知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者The book was first published in 1932.此書是1932年出版的。He w
23、as asked many questions at the meeting.在會(huì)上有很多人向他提出問(wèn)題。(2)不便說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者The plan is considered impractical.此計(jì)劃被認(rèn)為不符合實(shí)際。(3)漢語(yǔ)中的一些無(wú)主句Smoking is not allowed in public places.公共場(chǎng)合不準(zhǔn)吸煙。The books in the readingroom mustnt be taken away.書不準(zhǔn)帶出閱覽室。Some measures must be taken to stop pollution.必須采取措施來(lái)防止污染。(4)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承
24、受者She is loved by all her students.她受到所有學(xué)生的愛(ài)戴。Tom,you are wanted on the phone.湯姆,你的電話。(5)為了主語(yǔ)一致She walked to the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.她走上舞臺(tái)受到熱烈歡迎。(6)常用句式:據(jù)說(shuō),據(jù)報(bào)道,眾所周知,It is said that the report has been given to the manager.據(jù)說(shuō)報(bào)告已經(jīng)送到經(jīng)理手中。It is reported that Obama has been ree
25、lected President of America.據(jù)報(bào)道奧巴馬已再次當(dāng)選美國(guó)總統(tǒng)。As is known to all,the sun is the nearest star to the earth.眾所周知,太陽(yáng)是距地球最近的恒星。4主動(dòng)句中省去的to,被動(dòng)句中要寫出來(lái)The workers were made to work 14 hours a day.工人們每天被迫工作14個(gè)小時(shí)。5get過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)He was caught in a big fire and got burnt.他遇上了火災(zāi),被燒傷了。He fell off the speeding truck and
26、got killed.他從高速行駛的卡車上掉下來(lái)摔死了。6有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)happen,last,hold,have,suit,take place,belong to,break out,do ones best,make up ones mind,make room for,enjoy oneself7有些情況主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)意義sell,read,write,lock,wash,need等The soup tastes good.這湯很好喝。This kind of car sells well.這種車好賣。The door locks easily.這門好鎖。對(duì)應(yīng)專題對(duì)應(yīng)專題 分類訓(xùn)練分類訓(xùn)練 溫溫示示提提馨馨
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