廣東省陸豐市內(nèi)湖中學(xué)中考英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)資料 閱讀理解解題技巧課件 人教新目標(biāo)版

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1、閱讀理解解題技巧閱讀理解解題技巧閱讀理解閱讀理解 是英語(yǔ)能力培養(yǎng)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，是考試是英語(yǔ)能力培養(yǎng)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，是考試的一個(gè)重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀的一個(gè)重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀理解考查的根本是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)有關(guān)信息的理解考查的根本是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)有關(guān)信息的加工能力。加工能力。 閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀速度閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀速度和理解力的正確率。和理解力的正確率。 因此，閱讀理解的功夫應(yīng)下在平時(shí)。因此，閱讀理解的功夫應(yīng)下在平時(shí)。多分析題型，多了解考點(diǎn)，真正做到有的多分析題型，多了解考點(diǎn)，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。放矢，提高命中率。廣東廣東2007年考題要求考生能讀懂年考題要求

2、考生能讀懂書(shū)書(shū)報(bào)報(bào)雜志雜志中關(guān)于一般性的簡(jiǎn)短文段以中關(guān)于一般性的簡(jiǎn)短文段以及公告及公告說(shuō)明說(shuō)明廣告等廣告等,并能從中獲取并能從中獲取相關(guān)的信息。相關(guān)的信息。1 理解主旨和大意理解主旨和大意 2 理解文中細(xì)節(jié)的具體位置理解文中細(xì)節(jié)的具體位置3 根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義4 作出判斷和推理作出判斷和推理5 理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)6 理解作者的意圖理解作者的意圖觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型 詞詞 義義 猜猜 測(cè)測(cè) 型型命命 題題 類(lèi)類(lèi)因此有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要有以因此有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要有以下幾種下幾種: :推推 理理

3、 判判 斷斷 型型Step Two: How to Dealing with the Problems on Reading Comprehension一、主旨大意題一、主旨大意題 （做題要領(lǐng)）1.干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。可能屬文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。2.干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬?gòu)奈闹心承┛赡軐購(gòu)奈闹心承?(不完全的不完全的) 事事 實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。3.干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷?？赡軐俜俏恼率聦?shí)的主觀臆斷。(正確答案正確答案) 是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來(lái)的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過(guò)其實(shí)

4、或以偏概全。來(lái)的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過(guò)其實(shí)或以偏概全。1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Whats the main idea of this text?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?5) The main idea of the passage is6)Whats the best title for this passage?主旨大意題主旨大意題 的常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式的常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式

5、:閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-主旨大意題主旨大意題Passage 1 “Mary, your bedroom is a mess(臟亂臟亂). Come and clean it up right now.” her mum said. Mary wanted to go outside and play. “Ill clean it up later, Mum.” “Oh no , you wont. Ive been asking you for days,” her mum said . Mary went into her bedroom. She p

6、ut away all of her clothes and put all the rubbish into a plastic bag .Mum, Im going outside to Play now .” She ran into the back garden .this was her favorite place to be .A small butterfly flew over and landed on Marys hand .”Youre a pretty little butterfly ,”May said ,”Does your mum make you keep

7、 your bedroom clean?” “What if I left my rubbish all didnt keep the garden clean and tidy ?Would you have a nice Place to sit among the flowers ?”said the butterfly . “Id not be happy if I came out to see rubbish here and there ,”Mary said . “Everybody has to do their part and keep their rooms or th

8、eir flower gardens clean ,”the butterfly said and then flew away . Mary hurried into the house and said to her mother ,”Ill keep my room clean from now on ,Mum .Ive got to do my part .”And she did just that .練習(xí)題練習(xí)題細(xì)節(jié)題細(xì)節(jié)題解釋Question: What is the main idea of the story ? （主旨大意題）（主旨大意題） A. A butterfly i

9、s kids best friend B. Everyone should keep their rooms clean C. Everybody has to do their part D. A butterfly is a better teacher than a mother 文章文章 【解析】答案為C；由文中的 “Everybody has to do their part and keep their rooms or their flower gardens clean ,”the butterfly said and then flew away .得出答案。 尋找主題句往往

10、是做好此類(lèi)題的關(guān)鍵。每段的主題句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和歸納分析)一般都用來(lái)表示一個(gè)段落的主旨大意。文章 文章中心是文章中心是論點(diǎn)論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論論據(jù)據(jù)或或主要理由主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問(wèn)題常對(duì)；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問(wèn)題常對(duì)文中某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)、某句子、某段落等細(xì)文中某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，所提問(wèn)題一般可節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，所提問(wèn)題一般可直接直接或或間接間接在文章中找到答案。在文章中找到答案。 提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞常有：提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。等。事事實(shí)實(shí)細(xì)細(xì)節(jié)節(jié)型型 解題原則解題原則：忠實(shí)于原文上下文忠

11、實(shí)于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。1）Which of the following statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3)According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_? 在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和在閱讀理

12、解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題常有以下幾種命題方式：特定細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題常有以下幾種命題方式：閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型文章Which is the correct order for the following to takeplace in the story ? （細(xì)節(jié)題）（細(xì)節(jié)題）A、 Mary played in the back garden B、 Mary promised to keep her room clean C、 Mum asked Mary to clean up her room D、 A butterfly

13、flew over and talker with Mary E、 Mary cleaned up her room A. a, c, d, b, e B. c, a, d, b, e C. c, e, a, d, b D. a, d, b, c, e練習(xí)題第三節(jié)Passage 1 “Mary, your bedroom is a mess(臟亂臟亂). Come and clean it up right now.” her mum said. Mary wanted to go outside and play. “Ill clean it up later, Mum.” “Oh no ,

14、 you wont. Ive been asking you for days,” her mum said . Mary went into her bedroom. She put away all of her clothes and put all the rubbish into a plastic bag .Mum, Im going outside to Play now .” She ran into the back garden .this was her favorite place to be .A small butterfly flew over and lande

15、d on Marys hand .”Youre a pretty little butterfly ,”May said ,”Does your mum make you keep your bedroom clean?” “What if I left my rubbish all didnt keep the garden clean and tidy ?Would you have a nice Place to sit among the flowers ?”said the butterfly . “Id not be happy if I came out to see rubbi

16、sh here and there ,”Mary said . “Everybody has to do their part and keep their rooms or their flower gardens clean ,”the butterfly said and then flew away . Mary hurried into the house and said to her mother ,”Ill keep my room clean from now on ,Mum .Ive got to do my part .”And she did just that . 同

17、義法同義法 常在詞或短語(yǔ)之間有并列連詞常在詞或短語(yǔ)之間有并列連詞and或或or，它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測(cè)。近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測(cè)。 反義法反義法 如如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定。等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定?？傊?，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。總之，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。 釋義法釋義法 對(duì)文章中的生詞用定語(yǔ)對(duì)文章中的生詞用定語(yǔ)（從句）、表語(yǔ)甚至于用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)（從句）、表語(yǔ)甚至于用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說(shuō)明。等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說(shuō)明。詞詞義

18、義猜猜測(cè)測(cè)型型 情景推斷法、代詞替代法情景推斷法、代詞替代法等等1 1）文中找線索或信息詞）文中找線索或信息詞; ;2) 2) 根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意；斷新單詞之意； 3 3）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。在特定句中確切意思。做題要領(lǐng)做題要領(lǐng)閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-詞義猜測(cè)型詞義猜測(cè)型Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated

19、 C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the city and countryside, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewi- ves and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well kn

20、own and well deserved(應(yīng)得的，值得應(yīng)得的，值得的的). 解 釋第四節(jié)解 釋 這段文字中講到加納這個(gè)國(guó)家中這段文字中講到加納這個(gè)國(guó)家中 的大多數(shù)婦女，的大多數(shù)婦女，受過(guò)教育的受過(guò)教育的educated educated 和沒(méi)有受過(guò)教育的和沒(méi)有受過(guò)教育的illiterate illiterate ；住在城市的住在城市的 city city 和住在農(nóng)村的和住在農(nóng)村的countryside countryside ；年輕的年輕的young young 和年長(zhǎng)的和年長(zhǎng)的old old 正好是一對(duì)對(duì)反義詞。正好是一對(duì)對(duì)反義詞。因此選因此選 C C 項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。本題答案選本題答案選C CA

21、. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.B. Like her younger sister who is gregarious, Alice also likes to make friends. A. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定語(yǔ)從句中的 looks after sheep 就解釋了 herdsman的詞義為“牧人”。B. Like her younger sister who is gre

22、garious, Alice also likes to make friends. 句首的 like（像）這個(gè)語(yǔ)境線索說(shuō)明：句中的gregarious與 likes to make friends意義相近。 推理判斷題推理判斷題：著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。 以原文內(nèi)容以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)），客觀地對(duì)文中未明顯說(shuō)明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。推推理理判判斷斷型型 透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、語(yǔ)氣及態(tài)度等。推理判斷題推理判斷題（做題要領(lǐng)） 既要求學(xué)生透過(guò)文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的

23、態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。推理判斷型推理判斷型常見(jiàn)的命題方式有：常見(jiàn)的命題方式有：1. The passage implies (暗示暗示) that_.2. We can conclude (得出結(jié)論得出結(jié)論) from the passage that_.3. Which of the following can be inferred (推論推論)?4. What is the purpose (目的目的) of this passage?5. The passage is intended to _.6. We can

24、 learn from this passage that_7. We can conclude from the passage that_8. It can be seen from the passage that_閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-推理判斷型推理判斷型練習(xí)題解釋解釋P5Passage 1 “Mary, your bedroom is a mess(臟亂臟亂). Come and clean it up right now.” her mum said. Mary wanted to go outside and play. “Ill clea

25、n it up later, Mum.” “Oh no , you wont. Ive been asking you for days,” her mum said . Mary went into her bedroom. She put away all of her clothes and put all the rubbish into a plastic bag .Mum, Im going outside to Play now .” She ran into the back garden .this was her favorite place to be .A small

26、butterfly flew over and landed on Marys hand .”Youre a pretty little butterfly ,”May said ,”Does your mum make you keep your bedroom clean?” “What if I left my rubbish all didnt keep the garden clean and tidy ?Would you have a nice Place to sit among the flowers ?”said the butterfly . “Id not be hap

27、py if I came out to see rubbish here and there ,”Mary said . “Everybody has to do their part and keep their rooms or their flower gardens clean ,”the butterfly said and then flew away . Mary hurried into the house and said to her mother ,”Ill keep my room clean from now on ,Mum .Ive got to do my par

28、t .”And she did just that .Q: It can be inferred (推測(cè)推測(cè)) from the story that （推理判斷題）（推理判斷題）A. Mum asked the butterfly to teach Mary B. the butterfly always Picked up the rubbish left by Mary C. Marys back garden was clean and tidy D. Mary played with the butterfly every day 文章Your Advice is welcomeSuccesss ahead!