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1、菏澤語法十非謂語動詞考點考點1 動詞不定式動詞不定式動詞不定式的基本形式是動詞不定式的基本形式是“to動詞原形動詞原形”，否定形式是在，否定形式是在不定式前加不定式前加not。動詞不定式具有動詞的特點，可以有自己。動詞不定式具有動詞的特點，可以有自己的賓語和狀語，但沒有人稱與數(shù)的變化，在句中也不能作的賓語和狀語，但沒有人稱與數(shù)的變化，在句中也不能作謂語，動詞不定式及其賓語和狀語構成不定式短語。謂語，動詞不定式及其賓語和狀語構成不定式短語。(1)作主語作主語動詞不定式作主語時，可以用動名詞替換且常用動詞不定式作主語時，可以用動名詞替換且常用it作形式作形式主語，把動詞不定式后置，常構成主語，把動
2、詞不定式后置，常構成“Itbeadj. (for sb. )動詞不定式動詞不定式”。Its important (for us) to protect the environment. (對我們來說對我們來說)保護環(huán)境很重要。保護環(huán)境很重要。(2)作表語作表語My job is to teach English. 我的工作是教英語。我的工作是教英語。(3)作賓語或賓語補足語作賓語或賓語補足語接接to do作賓語的動詞或短語有作賓語的動詞或短語有want, begin/start, love, forget, remember, teach, decide, agree, seem, would
3、 like, plan等。等。接動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有接動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, encourage等。等。在使役動詞在使役動詞make, let, have和感官動詞和感官動詞see, feel, notice, look, smell等的后面作賓語補足語時，不定式符號等的后面作賓語補足語時，不定式符號to要要省略。省略。help后的不定式可帶后的不定式可帶to也可不帶。也可不帶。make sb. do sth. 的被動語態(tài)必須加的被動語態(tài)必須加tomake sb. do sth. 中用不帶中用不帶to的
4、不定式作賓語補足語，的不定式作賓語補足語，但是變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不定式符號但是變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不定式符號to要還原。要還原。(4)作定語作定語I have a lot of homework to do. 我有許多家庭作業(yè)要做。我有許多家庭作業(yè)要做。動詞不定式與所修飾的名詞之間是動賓關系，動詞不定式與所修飾的名詞之間是動賓關系，如果不定式是不及物動詞，其后要有相關的介詞。如果不定式是不及物動詞，其后要有相關的介詞。The cat is easy to take care of. 這只貓很容易照顧。這只貓很容易照顧。(5)作狀語作狀語Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to se
5、e her daughter. 王太太去上?？此畠?。王太太去上?？此畠骸?目的目的)Were glad to meet you here. 我們很高興在這兒見到你。我們很高興在這兒見到你。(原因原因)He is too tired to work on. 他太累了不能繼續(xù)工作了。他太累了不能繼續(xù)工作了。(結果結果)(6)“疑問詞動詞不定式疑問詞動詞不定式”結構結構疑問詞疑問詞who, what, when, where, how, which等后接動詞等后接動詞不定式，在句中作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語等。不定式，在句中作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語等。The teacher is te
6、lling the students what to do. 老師正告訴學生們做什么。老師正告訴學生們做什么。He didnt know where to go(where he should go)他不知道去哪里。他不知道去哪里。(7)含動詞不定式的特殊句型與短語含動詞不定式的特殊句型與短語too. . . to. . . 太太而不能而不能Why dont you do sth. ？為什么不做某事？為什么不做某事？had better do sth. 最好做某事最好做某事prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 寧愿做某事，而不愿做某事寧愿做某事，而不愿做某
7、事make sb. do sth. 讓某人去做某事讓某人去做某事be made to do sth. 被迫做某事被迫做某事1(2017齊齊哈爾中考齊齊哈爾中考)It takes me half an hour _ playing the piano. How about you? I usually spend 20 minutes _it. Apracticing; on Bto practice; inCto practice; onC2(2017綏化中考綏化中考)My parents have a lot of housework _ Ado Bto do Cdoing3(2017齊齊哈
8、爾中考齊齊哈爾中考)It is raining outside. Why not _ an umbrella? Ato take Btake CtakingBB4As a volunteer, the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital _ them up. Ato cheer BcheerCcheering Dcheered5He found it important _ the situation all over the world. Astudy Bto studyCstudies Dto be studiedAB6(2017南充
9、中考南充中考)Mario, your mobile phone is ringing. Wait a minute. Its dangerous for us _ it while crossing the street. Aanswering Bto answer Canswer DansweredB7(2017宜賓中考宜賓中考)The child is crying. Please do something to make him _ Astop to cry Bstop cryingCto stop cryingB8(2017天津中考天津中考)We only planned _ the
10、play for an hour, but in the end, we stayed for three hours. Awatch Bwatches Cto watch Dwatched9Your father is sleeping. Youd better _ Anot wake up him Bnot to wake up himCnot wake him up Dnot to wake him upCC10(2017河南中考河南中考)Whenever we kids come over, Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us _
11、 sure we dont break anything. Amake Bmade Cto make DmakingC11Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming that day? Sorry, I have a lot of homework _ this Sunday. Ato do BdoneCdo Dto be doneA12(2017長春中考長春中考) _Chinese culture, many college students go to foreign countries every year. ASpreading BTo spreadCSpreads
12、 DSpreadB13(2017郴州中考郴州中考)What shall we do this weekend? Well drive to Dongjiang Lake _ boating. Ato go Bgo Cgoing14(2017海南中考海南中考)After two hours drive, the driver decided _ and have a rest. Astop Bto stop CstoppingAB15(2017揚州中考揚州中考)Mom does all the housework so that Sarah can take the time _ her wor
13、ds on paper. Aput Bputting Cto put Dputs16The meeting room is big enough _ one hundred people. Aholding Bhold Cto hold Dholds CC考點考點2 動名詞動名詞動名詞由動名詞由“動詞原形動詞原形ing”構成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。構成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動名詞既有動詞的性質(zhì)動名詞既有動詞的性質(zhì)(可有賓語和狀語可有賓語和狀語)，也有名詞，也有名詞的性質(zhì)，可作主語、賓語、表語或定語。的性質(zhì)，可作主語、賓語、表語或定語。(1)動名詞常用結構動名詞常用結構只能跟動名詞的動詞或短語有只能跟動名
14、詞的動詞或短語有avoid, consider, enjoy, feel like, finish, mind, practice, suggest, be busy doing, be good at doing, be interested in doing, cant help doing, give up doing, make a living (by) doing, put off doing等。等。haven. (in) doinghave fun (in) doing, have trouble (in) doing, have a hard time (in) doing,
15、have problems/difficulties (in) doing等。等。to doing 結構，結構，to是介詞是介詞be/get used to doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, prefer doing to doing等。等。(2)有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動名詞，但表達的意義有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動名詞，但表達的意義不同。不同。17Have you forgotten _ $1，000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorro
16、w? Aborrowing; to bring Bto borrow; to bring Cborrowed; bringing Dborrowing; bringingA18(2017龍東中考龍東中考)Would you mind _ here? Of course not. Ill _ my cigarette at once. Anot smoking; put awayBnot smoking; put outCnot to smoke; put offB19Everyone thinks the problem is hard, but he has no difficulty _
17、the problem. Aworking out Bhaving worked outCto have worked out Dto work out A20(2017黃岡中考黃岡中考)Nowadays lots of products from China are very popular in the world. Yeah! Many people can hardly avoid _ products made in China. Ato buy BbuyingCbought DbuyB21My brother keeps _ me with my work. Ato help Bh
18、elpChelping Dhelped22Ive enjoyed _ to take with you. Ato be able Bbeing ableCto been able Dof being ableCB23Mr. Wang came into the office without _ the door. Aknock Bknocking at Cto knock at Dknocking to24(2017重慶中考重慶中考)Dave is a good boy and he always finishes _ his homework on time. Ado BdidCdoes D
19、doingBD25(2017渝北中考渝北中考)There are some people _ soccer in the park. Aplay BplaysCplaying Dto playC26(2017常州中考常州中考)Why doesnt the surgeon stop _ lunch? Because he is too busy _ a dying patient in the operation room. Ato have; to save Bhaving; to saveCto have; saving Dhaving; savingC27(2017淮安中考淮安中考)The
20、 research he devotes himself to _ the farmers have a better harvest is very important. Ahelping Bto helpChelp DhelpedA考點考點3 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞由現(xiàn)在分詞由“動詞原形動詞原形ing”構成，表示主動、進行意義構成，表示主動、進行意義，還具有形容詞的作用，可在句中作表語、定語、賓語、還具有形容詞的作用，可在句中作表語、定語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語等。賓語補足語、狀語等。The crying girl cant find her mother. 那個正在哭的女孩找不到她媽媽
21、了。那個正在哭的女孩找不到她媽媽了。(定語定語)The story is interesting. 這個故事很有趣。這個故事很有趣。(表語表語)I saw him studying in the classroom. 我看到他正在教室里學習。我看到他正在教室里學習。(賓語補足語賓語補足語)Studying hard, you will pass the exam. 只要你努力學習，就會通過考試。只要你努力學習，就會通過考試。(狀語狀語)28(2017龍東中考龍東中考)I saw Jim _ into that new building just now. Oh, its our new lib
22、rary. It _to the public for a week. Awalk; has opened Bwalking; has been openCwalking; has openedB29I heard him _ an English song when I passed his room last night. Asing Bsinging Csung Dto singB30(2016衡陽中考衡陽中考)The novel is great. Its well worth _ Aread Breads CreadingC考點考點4 過去分詞過去分詞(1)由由“動詞原形動詞原形ed
23、”構成，表示被動、完成意義，構成，表示被動、完成意義，在句中作表語、定語、賓語補足語、狀語等。在句中作表語、定語、賓語補足語、狀語等。She is very tired. 她很疲勞。她很疲勞。(表語表語)The boy wore a pair of faded jeans. 那個男孩穿了一條褪色的牛仔褲。那個男孩穿了一條褪色的牛仔褲。(定語定語)She found the village greatly changed. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)這個村莊變化很大。她發(fā)現(xiàn)這個村莊變化很大。(賓語補足語賓語補足語)(2)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別。現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語與它所修飾的名詞存
24、在邏輯上的主謂現(xiàn)在分詞作定語與它所修飾的名詞存在邏輯上的主謂關系，表示該動作的主動或者進行。關系，表示該動作的主動或者進行。a sleeping child一個正在睡覺的孩子一個正在睡覺的孩子a developing country一個發(fā)展中國家一個發(fā)展中國家boiling water正在沸騰的水正在沸騰的水a(chǎn) surprising look一個令人吃驚的表情一個令人吃驚的表情過去分詞作定語與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動賓過去分詞作定語與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動賓關系，表示被動關系或者已經(jīng)完成。關系，表示被動關系或者已經(jīng)完成。the novel written by Luxun 魯迅寫的那篇小
25、說魯迅寫的那篇小說 a singer surrounded by a group of fans 被粉絲包圍的歌手被粉絲包圍的歌手fallen leaves 落葉落葉a snowcovered city被雪覆蓋的城市被雪覆蓋的城市31(2016龍東中考龍東中考)A Christmas Carol is a famous short novel _ by Charles Dickens. Awritten Bwas writtenCwroteA32(2016內(nèi)江中考內(nèi)江中考)Bad luck! The film star had her leg _ while playing a part in the film. Ato break BbreakingCbreak DbrokenD
山東省菏澤市中考英語總復習 語法十 非謂語動詞課件
