初中單詞各種形式的轉換.doc

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名詞復數(shù)的規(guī)則變化 1. 絕大多數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式，是在該詞末尾加上后輟-s。 例：friend → friends cat → cats sport → sports style → styles piece→pieces 2. 凡是以s、x、ch、sh結尾的詞，在該詞末尾加上后輟-es構成復數(shù)。 例：bus → buses fox → foxes match → matches flash → flashes 3. 以輔音字母+y結尾的名詞，將y改變?yōu)閕，再加-es。 city → cities country → countries factory → factories 4. 以f、fe結尾的，把f、fe變?yōu)関，再加es， 如：half → halves knife → knives　leaf → leaves　 wolf → wolves 　　 wife → wives　 life → lives　 thief → thieves； 5. 以o結尾的名詞，變復數(shù)時：可以簡單地記成有生活的要加es。 　加es，如：potato → potatoes　tomato → tomatoes hero → heroes 加e，如：photo → photos　　piano → pianos radio → radios　　zoo → zoos； 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則（加"-s"或"-es"） 1．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2．以s. x. sh. ch. o結尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3．以“輔音字母+y”結尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則 1．一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2．以不發(fā)音的e結尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting take-taking 3．雙寫最后一個字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping swim-swimming 4 以ie結尾的動詞，把ie改為y ，再加ing，如：die-dying, lie-lying 動詞過去式變化規(guī)則 1．一般在動詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2．結尾是不發(fā)音的字母e，加d，如：taste-tasted 3．雙寫最后一個字母再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4．以“輔音字母+y”結尾的，變y為i，再加-ed，如：study-studied 形容詞比較級的構成 1. 直接在單詞末尾加-er，如old--older, young--younger; 2. 以e結尾只加-r，如nice--nicer; 3. 雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-er， 如big--bigger, thin--thinner; 4. 以輔音字母加y結尾，改y為i，再加-er，如heavy--heavier; 5. 其它不規(guī)則變化，如：good—better 數(shù)詞的變換 基數(shù)詞 序數(shù)詞 表次數(shù) 1. one first once 2. two second twice 3. three third three times 4. five fifth four times 5. eight eighth 6. nine ninth 7. twelve twelfth 8. twenty twentieth 國家變?yōu)樾稳菰~或國人的轉換 Australia-Australian Africa-African America-American Asia-Asian Canada-Canadian China- Chinese England- English/ Englishman Europe-European France- French/ Frenchman India- Indian Italy- Italian Japan- Janese Mexico- Mexican Russia- Russian (復數(shù)變化規(guī)則：中日不變，英法變，其余加s ) 動詞→名詞 表示人 -er:beginner,builder, buyer, cleaner, dancer, driver, farmer, keeper, killer, listening, owner, player, printer, runner, swimmer, speaker, seller, teacher, traveller, winner, worker, writer -or: actor, creator, inventor, operator,sailor, visitor 動詞過去分詞為形容詞： break--broken, close-closed, lose-lost , marry- married, worry- worried 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞為形容詞： excite--exciting--excited interest--interesting--intested surprise--surprising—surpried tire--tiring—tired bore --boring—bored relax--relaxing—relaxed move – moving—moved 名詞轉換成形容詞 beauty-beautiful colour--colourful difference --different danger--dangerous energy - energetic friend--friendly—unfriendly--friendship fun—funny health--healthy-unhealthy--healthily importance--important luck -- lucky – luckily--unlucky history - historic/historica tradition--traditional--traditionally person - -personal--(名詞) personality個性 nation—national—international nature –natural physics--physical week –weekly gold --golden wood--wooden month --monthly salt –salty 有關天氣的詞 cloud--cloudy, rain –rainy, sun—sunny, snow – snowy, wind—windy, storm -- stormy 有關方位的詞: east—eastern, west – western, south – southern, north—northern 名詞轉換成名詞art-artist, music-musician, science-scientist, tour-tourist, piano-pianist, library -- librarian 形容詞轉換成名詞 happy --happiness-(副詞) happily-(反義詞)unhappy foreign -- foreigner busy—business, free—freedom, ill –illness, safe--safety-(副詞) safely sad –sadness—sadly strange –stranger true -- truth (副詞)truly kind – kindness 否定前綴 dis-:dislike, disagree, dishonest, disappear, disadvantage im-:impossible,impolite,impersonal, imperfect in- : informal, incorrect un- : unusual , unhappy, unfriend, uncomfortable, unhealthy, unlucky, unlikely, uncertain ir-: irregular 否定后綴：-less useless, careless, helpless,hopeless, homeless, countless