必修5Module 1British and American English

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1、word 話　題：　語 言 學(xué) 習(xí) 【詞匯積累】 【佳句背誦】 1.benefit v．　　受益 2.standard n. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) v. 精通；掌握 4.fluent adj. 流利的 5.extensive adj. 大量的；廣泛的 6.vital adj. 極重要的 7.grasp v. 掌握 8.beneficial adj. 有益的 9.practise v. 練習(xí) 10.official adj. 官方的；正式的 11.expression n. 詞語；表達(dá) 12.vocabulary n.

2、 詞匯 radually adv. 逐漸地 14.a large number of 大量的 15.attitude to learning 學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度 16.develop one’s interest 培養(yǎng)興趣 17.be popular with 受……歡迎 18.have an advantage over 在……有優(yōu)勢(shì) 1.Only by doing so can you enlarge your vocabulary more easily. 只有這么做，你才能更容易地?cái)U(kuò)大你的詞匯量。 2.Having a good knowledge of

3、 English can make our dream e true.掌握好英語能使我們夢(mèng)想成真。 ，a good mand of English，善于運(yùn)用英語能夠大大地使我的工作受益。 4.In the petition for a well-paid job，the one who can speak fluent English has an advantage over，會(huì)說流利英語的人就比不會(huì)說英語的人有優(yōu)勢(shì)。 【寫作模板】　如何學(xué)好英語 　　My name is Li Hua, a student from XinHua Middle School.I got the

4、first place in the English contest held by our school not long ago.Here I’d like to share my experience in learning English with you. First of all, attending English corners is of great help to improve my oral English, so whenever there is an opportunity, I’ll grasp it.Secondly, I keep writing E

5、nglish diaries, which enables me to express what happens in daily life and in this way I can practise my written English.Thirdly, I also surf EnjoyReading on the Internet.As we all know, we need extensive reading to enlarge our vision, so we’d better develop a good habit of reading English materi

6、als every day. Of course, Rome was not built in a day.Only when we stick to what we have decided to do will we achieve a goal. Ⅰ.單詞拼寫　根據(jù)詞義寫出英文單詞。 1．a(chǎn)ccentn．　　　　口音 2．obviousadj. 顯然的；顯而易見的 3．parevt. 比擬 4．remarkn. 評(píng)論；講話 5．rapidlyadv. 迅速地 6．presentvt. 陳述；提出(觀點(diǎn)、計(jì)劃等) 7．a(chǎn)ttempt

7、n. 努力；嘗試 8．criticisevt. 批評(píng) Ⅱ.單詞拓展　寫出如下單詞與其派生詞。 1．confusingadj. 令人困惑的；難懂的 confusedadj. 感到困惑的 confusevt. 使困惑 confusionn. 困惑 2．varietyn. 種類 varyv. 改變，不同 variousadj. 不同的；有區(qū)別的 variationn. 變化 3．differvi. 不同；有區(qū)別 differentadj. 不同的；有區(qū)別的 differencen. 區(qū)別；差異 4．steadilyadv. 不斷地

8、；持續(xù)地 steadyadj. 穩(wěn)定的 5．a(chǎn)nnouncementn. 聲明；宣告 announcevt. 宣布；宣告，聲明 6．a(chǎn)ddvt. 加；增加 additionn. 加；增加物 7．simplifyvt. 簡(jiǎn)化 simpleadj. 簡(jiǎn)單的 8．referencen. 參考；查閱 referv. 參考；查閱；涉與 1．have__mon有一樣之處 2．make_a_difference有影響，使不一樣 3．get_around四處走動(dòng)(旅行) be_similar_to...與……相似 lead_to 導(dǎo)致 6．in_

9、favour_of同意；支持 7．refer_to...as...稱……為…… thanks_to幸虧，多虧 after_all畢竟；終究 語境填詞 　　The linguist(語言學(xué)家)present(出席的)at the meeting remarked(評(píng)論)that we should be brave enough to face various(各種各樣的)criticism(批評(píng))and challenges in our life.Obviously(顯然地)，what he said is right.There are many things in life w

10、e simply(簡(jiǎn)單地)can’t change or control，but we can control our attitudes towards them.Our attitudes make all the difference(差異)to our life.At last，he added(補(bǔ)充說)that pared(比擬)to the past，we are living a better life now and we must seize the good opportunity to make steadier(更穩(wěn)定的)progress. 1．while并列連詞

11、，表比照，意為“而，卻〞 The British say Haveyougot...? while Americans preferDoyouhave...? 【仿寫】　格林先生喜歡搖滾音樂，而他的妻子對(duì)此絲毫不感興趣。 Mr.Green is fond of rock music，while_his_wife_has_no_interest_in_it_at_all． 2．have difficulty(in) doing sth. 做某事有困難 A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow

12、 than understanding a New Yorker. 【仿寫】　你通過2015年的高考有困難嗎？ Did you have_any_difficulty_(in)passing_the 2015 College Entrance Examination? 3．make＋it＋ adj.＋for sb. to do sth.使得某人做……(it為形式賓語) This non-stop munication，the experts think，has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand e

13、ach other. 【仿寫】　我們會(huì)讓你更容易記住這些單詞。 We’ll make_it_easier_for_you_to_remember these words. 4．v.-ing短語作結(jié)果狀語 By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year，making it one of the most popular school books ever. 【仿寫】　臺(tái)風(fēng)海燕于2014年9月襲擊了菲律賓，造成了5 000多人死亡。 Typhoon Kalmaegi hit Philippines in September 2

14、014，causing_more_than_5，000_deaths． 閱讀下面課文縮寫材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式(不多于3個(gè)單詞)。 British and American English are different 1.in many ways.The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary.For example，Americans drive automobiles down freeways，2.but the British drive cars along motorways.The sec

15、ond difference is 3.that sometimes the same word has a 4.slightly(slight)different meaning，which can be 5.confusing(confuse)．Third，there are a few differences in grammar，too.The British say Haveyougot...? 6.while Americans prefer Doyouhave...? Prepositions，too，can be different.The British use prepos

16、itions，however，Americans omit 7.them． Finally，many factors 8.have_influenced(influence)American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived four hundred years ago.The accent，which is most similar to British English，can 9.be_heard(hear)on the East Coast of the US.A Londoner may have more difficul

17、ty 10.understanding(understand)a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. ,[學(xué)生用書P127]) 1. confusing adj.令人困惑的；難懂的 (教材P2)Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning，which can be confusing.　有時(shí)，同一個(gè)單詞的意思有稍微的不同，這會(huì)令人迷惑。 (1) confuse vt.　　　　　　使困惑；使難于理解 confuse A with

18、/and B 把A混為B (2) confused adj. 感到困惑的；感到難 懂的 be confused at 對(duì)……感到困惑 (3)confusion n. 困惑；混亂；混淆 in confusion 亂七八糟；處于混亂 狀態(tài) ①(2014·高考新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ·閱讀理解)With its focus divided，the lion bees confused and is unsure about what to do next.獅子的注意力分散了，它就變得迷茫，不確定接下來該做什么。 ②I always confuse you and/with your

19、 brother.You are so much alike. 我總是分不清你和你弟弟，你們實(shí)在是太像了 ③His writing is so confusing，以至于很難弄清楚他到底想表達(dá)什么。 溫馨提醒　confusing表示事物讓人產(chǎn)生迷惑的情緒；而confused 表示人受到事物的影響而感到迷惑，主語是人。當(dāng)修飾一個(gè)人的表情(look，expression)與聲音(voice)時(shí)，一般用confused。 【活用】——用confuse的適當(dāng)形式或用法完成小片段 They confused me by asking so many confusing questions.I

20、 was totally confused，standing there in_confusion，not knowing what to do. 他們提出了一大堆令人費(fèi)解的問題，把我難住了。我稀里糊涂，迷茫地站在那里，全然不知所措。 2.parev．比擬，比喻，對(duì)照 n．比擬，對(duì)照 (教材P2)Prepositions，too，can be different: pareontheteam，ontheweekend(American)with intheteam，attheweekend(British)． 介詞的用法也有所不同：比擬一下on the team，on the wee

21、kend(美式)和in the team，at the weekend(英式)。 (1)pare...with...　　　　　和……比擬 pare...to... 把……比作…… pared to/with 與……相比(通常置于句首作狀語) pare notes 交換意見 (2)beyond/without pare 無與倫比 ①(牛津詞典)We carefully pared the first report with the second. 我們仔細(xì)比擬了第一份報(bào)告和第二份報(bào)告。 ②He does do well in physics；his classma

22、tes pare him to NewtonⅡ. 他的物理太棒了；同學(xué)們把他比作牛頓第二。 ③These are precious jewels beyond_pare． 這些是無與倫比的珍寶。 ④pared_to/with you，we still have a long way to go. 和你比起來，我們還有很大差距。 【活用】——用pare的適當(dāng)形式完成如下句子 (1)pared to/with others’ work，you’ll find her work is much better. (2)pare her work with others’ work，an

23、d you’ll find hers is much better. (3)paring her work with others’ work，you’ll find hers is much better. 3.differv．不同，與……區(qū)別 (教材P2)The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.　 這兩種英語另外兩個(gè)不同的方面是拼寫和發(fā)音。 (1) differ from...in...　與……在……方面不一樣 與某人意見不同 (2)di

24、fference n. 不同；區(qū)別 make a difference 有影響；重要，要緊 tell the difference between 分辨……的不同 (3)different adj. 不同的；相異的 be different from...in... 在……方面與……不同 ①(2014·高考某某卷·短文填詞)The smallest good habits can make a big difference. 即使最小的好習(xí)慣也會(huì)帶來巨大的影響。 ②(牛津詞典)French differs_from English in this respect.在這方

25、面法語不同于英語。 ③I’m sorry to differ_with you about this matter. 對(duì)不起，關(guān)于這件事，我與你的看法不同。 ④She looks different from what I’d expected. 她看上去與我想象的不一樣。 4.presentn．現(xiàn)在，目前；禮物，贈(zèng)品 v．贈(zèng)送，呈獻(xiàn) adj.出席的，在場(chǎng)的；現(xiàn)在的，當(dāng)前的 (教材P8) Present your ideas to the rest of the class.　 把你的觀點(diǎn)陳述給班里的其他同學(xué)。 (1) present sb.with sth.＝

26、present sth.to sb. 把某物贈(zèng)給/交給某人 (2) be present at... 出席 at the present time＝at present 現(xiàn)在，目前 (3)for the present 眼前；暫時(shí) ①(2014·高考某某卷·單項(xiàng)填空)Whenever you buy a present，you should think about it from the rece，你都應(yīng)從承受者的角度想一想(禮物是否適宜)。 ②(牛津詞典)We do not have any more information at the present time.目前我們

27、沒有進(jìn)一步的消息。 ③(朗文辭典)How many people were_present_at the meeting yesterday？昨天出席會(huì)議的有多少人？ ④Two days later I presented the letter of introduction to the manager.兩天后，我把介紹信呈送給經(jīng)理。 溫馨提醒　present用作形容詞，表示“在場(chǎng)的〞時(shí)，通常作表語或后置定語；表示“現(xiàn)在的〞時(shí)常作前置定語。 【活用】——用present的適當(dāng)形式或用法完成小片段 One expert present_at the meeting presente

28、d me with a book on the present financial crisis as a_present． 出席會(huì)議的一位專家送給我一本關(guān)于當(dāng)前金融危機(jī)的書作為禮物。 5.attemptv．(常與不定式連用)企圖，嘗試 n．努力，嘗試 (教材P9)Can you see any similarities between Webster’s work and attempts to simplify Chinese？　 在Webster的工作和簡(jiǎn)化漢語的努力之間你能看出一些相似之處嗎？ (1)attempt at doing sth./to do sth. 　

29、　　　　　　　　 嘗試或努力做某事 (2)make an attempt at doing/to do sth. 嘗試或努力做某事 at one’s first attempt 第一次嘗試 ①(牛津詞典)I passed my driving test at the first attempt.我考汽車駕駛執(zhí)照時(shí)一次就通過了。 ②He attempted/made_an_attempt_at_passing/to_pass the 2015 College Entrance Examination，but he didn’t succeed in the end. 他試圖通過20

30、15年高考但是最終還是沒有成功。 6.have...in mon　在……方面有一樣之處 (教材P1)We have really everything in mon with American nowadays，except of course，language.　 當(dāng)然除了語言外我們確實(shí)和美國一切都是一樣的。 (1)have a lot/much/a great deal/nothing/little in mon with...　與……有很多/沒有共同之處 in mon 共有；共同 in mon with... 與……一樣 (2)mon sense 常識(shí)；情理 ①

31、(牛津詞典)Jane and I have nothing in mon. ＝I have_nothing_in_mon_with Jane. 簡(jiǎn)和我毫無共同之處。 ②In_mon_with many other boys，he likes basketball and dreams of makin，他喜歡籃球，夢(mèng)想當(dāng)一名籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。 ③(2014·高考卷·信息匹配)Use your mon sense.If a report seems too good to be true，probably it is.運(yùn)用你的常識(shí)，如果一個(gè)報(bào)告看起來好得令人難以置信，或許多半不是真的。 7.

32、lead to　引起，導(dǎo)致；通向 (教材P3)But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English，so that some people now believe that British English will disappear. 但它也導(dǎo)致了大量的美語單詞和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)入英式英語中，以至于現(xiàn)在許多人認(rèn)為英式英語將會(huì)消失。 (1)lead sb.to＋n.　　　　帶領(lǐng)某人到……；使某人得出(觀點(diǎn)) lead sb.to do sth. 使某人做某事 (

33、2)lead a．..life 過著……的生活 lead the way 帶頭，先行 take the lead in 在……方面領(lǐng)先 ①(2014·高考新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ·完形填空)As a general rule，all forms of activity lead to，所有形式的活動(dòng)當(dāng)按部就班地去做的時(shí)候就會(huì)煩。 ②Which path leads to the village? 哪條小路通往那個(gè)小山村？ ③The evidence led_us_to a different conclusion. 這個(gè)證據(jù)使我們得出一個(gè)不同的結(jié)論。 ④What led_you_

34、to_take_up_acting as a career? 是什么使你開始從事演藝事業(yè)的？ 溫馨提醒　lead to中的to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或v.-ing形式。 Ⅰ.詞匯自測(cè) A)根據(jù)句意與漢語提示，寫出所缺單詞。 1．Try to give everyone a chance to present(表達(dá))their ideas to the class. 2．Every time I’ve attempted(嘗試)to convince her，I’ve failed pletely. 3．It’s obvious(顯而易見的)that he hasn’t re

35、ad the book. 4．The customers made a number of rude_remarks(評(píng)論)about the goods on sale. 5．The English in this story has been simplified(簡(jiǎn)化) to make it easier to understand. B)在句中空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式(不多于3個(gè)單詞)。 6．The expert says that the exports are steadily(steady) increasing year by year. 7．He was in

36、 confusion(confuse) when I told him the bad news. 8．Changing schools made a big difference(differ) to my life. 9．In addition(add)to making art，he sold it. 10．pared(pare)with his sister，Jerry is even more sensitive，and more easily troubled by emotional and relationship problems. Ⅱ.選詞填空　用方框中短語的適當(dāng)形

37、式完成如下句子。 have...in mon；in favour of；make a difference；thanks to；lead to 1．“Those who are in_favour_of my plan，please raise your hands now，〞 the teacher says. 2．It will make_a_difference whether we can arrive on time. 3．Too much work and too little rest often_lead_to illness. 4．Thanks_to_his eff

38、ort，it is more successful than we have expected. 5．To my surprise，I found I had a lot in_mon with this stranger. (教材P2)A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.　一個(gè)倫敦人要聽懂來自格拉斯哥的蘇格蘭人說話比聽懂紐約人說話更難。 “做某事有困難〞，其中difficulty 為不可數(shù)名詞，difficul

39、ty前可用some，any，no，little等詞來修飾。 表示“做某事(沒)有困難〞的常見結(jié)構(gòu)： have(no)difficulty/trouble with sth. have(no)trouble/problems(in)doing sth. There is difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth./with sth. have a hard time (in)doing sth. find it difficult to do sth. ①(2014·高考某某卷·閱讀理解)Such a person has great difficulty i

40、n waking up in the mornings. 這樣的人在早上醒來很困難。 ②Because of your ing，I think there is no difficulty (in) finishing the task on time. 由于你的到來，我想按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)沒有困難了。 ③I have_no_difficulty_with/(in)working_out the problem.解決這個(gè)問題我沒有困難。 溫馨提醒　高考中，，因此定語從句中have后常為 doing形式。 ④You can’t imagine what great difficult

41、y we have ever had dealing(deal) with the problems. 你想象不到我們處理這些問題時(shí)所遇到的困難。 完成句子 1．I find_it_difficult_to_do_the_job_well(發(fā)現(xiàn)做好這個(gè)工作不容易)． 2．In some places women are expected to earn money while(然而)men work at home and raise their children. 3．Does it make_any_difference_whether_he_es_or_not(他來不來關(guān)系

42、重大)? 4．The fire lasted nearly a month，leaving_nothing_valuable(沒留下什么值錢的東西)． 5．The experts are trying to find out the reason why many teenagers have_difficulty_in_municating_with(交流有困難)their parents. [寫作素材] 1．英式英語和美式英語有很多一樣之處，比如：英式英語和美式英語在書寫形式上相似。 2．但是它們?cè)诤芏喾矫嬉泊嬖诓町悺? 3．美國人喜歡到處走動(dòng)，這產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。 4．所

43、以當(dāng)美國人和英國人交談時(shí)，他們有時(shí)也很困惑，很難理解對(duì)方。 5．一般來說，我們?cè)趫?bào)紙上所看的正式英語被稱為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語。 提示：黑體局部用本單元詞匯表達(dá)。 [連句成篇](將以上句子連成一篇50詞左右的英語短文。) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________

44、_____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ One possible version： British English and Amer

45、ican English have a lot in mon.For example，they are similar to each other in the form of writing.But they differ in many aspects.Americans like to get around，which has made a great difference to it.So when they are talking，they sometimes get confused and have difficulty understanding each other.Generally speaking，the formal English that we often see in newspapers is referred to as Standard English. 溫馨提示 完成作業(yè)：課后達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè) 25 9 / 9