管理系統(tǒng)學原理 問題詳解

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1、文檔 〔 CHAPTER 1 Innovation for turbulent time〔1〕 TRUE/FALSE 1．Management is often considered universal〔通用的〕because it uses organizational resources to acplish goals and attain〔達到〕high performance in all types of profit and not-for-profit organizations. T ? 2．Leadership involves the use of in

2、fluence to motivate〔刺激〕employees to achieve the organisation’s goals. T ? 3．Organising means defining〔明確〕goals for future organisational performance and deciding on the tasks and resources needed to attain them. F ? 4. Efficiency refers to the degree to which the organisation achieves a stated〔規(guī)

3、定的〕objective〔目標〕.F ? 5. The manager’s ability to ‘think strategically〔戰(zhàn)略性的〕’ requires high technical skills and a proficiency〔精通〕in specific tasks within an organisation.F ? 6. First-line managers are the managers who have the responsibility for making the significant〔重大的〕strategic〔戰(zhàn)略上的〕policy d

4、ecisions, often with staff managers assisting〔幫助〕them in these decisions. F Multiple Choice 1. The figurehead role involves: A. motivating and municating with staff B. initiating〔發(fā)起〕change C. handling ceremonial〔正式的〕and symbolic activities D. developing information sources within the org

5、anisation E.??????? staying well informed about current affairsC ? 2. How an organisation goes about acplishing a plan is a key part of the management function of: A. planning B. organising C. leading D. controlling E.??????? motivatingB ? 3. Which of the following is not

6、 a function of management? A. control B. plan C. organise D. lead E.??????? performanceE ? 4. A social entity〔本質(zhì)〕that is goal directed and deliberately〔慎重地〕structured is referred to as: A. an organisation B. management C. employees D. students E. tasksA

7、? 5. Which of the following types of skills is the understanding of and proficiency in the performance of specific tasks? A. human skill B. leadership skill C. technical skill D. conceptual〔概念上的〕skill E. social skillC ? 6. The informational role, according to Mintzberg,

8、is a(n) ____________ role? A. entrepreneur〔企業(yè)家〕 B. leader C. figurehead〔有名無實的領(lǐng)袖〕 D.celebratory E. monitorE FILL IN THE BLANKS 1. Social forcesare the aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people. 2. Economic forces pertain〔屬于〕to the availabil

9、ity, production, and distribution〔分配〕 of resources in a society. 3. The learning organizationcan be defined as one in which everyone is engaged in identifying and solving problems, enabling the organisation to continuously experiment, change, and improve, thus increasing its capacity to grow, learn

10、 and achieve its purpose. 4. Empowerment〔授權(quán)〕means giving employees the power, freedom, knowledge and skills to make decisions and perform effectively. 5. List three of the basic ideas of scientific man會議員agement. ?Trained workers in standard〔標準的〕method Developed standard method for performing ea

11、ch job Selected workers with appropriate abilities for each job 6. Weber’s vision of organisations that would be managed on an impersonal, rational〔合理的〕basis is called a(n)bureaucratic?〔官僚的〕 7. List the three assumptions〔設想〕associated with McGregor’s Theory X. People are lazy; People dislike res

12、ponsibility; People lack ambition CHAPTER 1 Innovation for turbulent time〔2〕 TRUE/FALSE 1. The learning organization is an attitude or philosophy〔哲學〕about what an organization can bee.T ? 2. The essential idea in a learning organisation is efficiency.F ? 3. As a manager, Lou prefers to think

13、 in terms of ‘control over’ rather than ‘control with’ others. This is in agreement with the idea of a learning organisation.F ? 4. Empowerment means giving employees the power, freedom, knowledge, and skills to make decisions and perform effectively.T ? 5. Theory X and Theory Y, proposed by Do

14、uglas McGregor, provide two opposing〔相反的〕 views of workers: Theory X recognises that workers enjoy achievement and responsibility, while Theory Y recognises〔承認〕that workers will avoid work whenever possible.F MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. __________ forces refer to those aspects of a culture that guide and i

15、nfluence relationships among people. A. Legal B. Economic C. Political D. Psychological E. SocialE ? 2. Variables〔變量〕such as interest rates, inflation〔通貨膨脹〕and trade tariffs〔關(guān)稅〕are all examples of _________ forces. A. technological B. political C. social D. socio-educational

16、E. none of the aboveE ? 3. Strategy has traditionally been the sole〔唯一的〕responsibility of: A. middle management B. project managers 〔項目經(jīng)理〕 C. pany accountants D. top managers D ? 4. During the early twentieth century, the prevailing〔普通的〕management perspective〔觀點〕, which emphasised ration

17、ality〔合理性〕and a scientific approach, was the _________ perspective. A. scientific B. behavioural C. classical D. quantitative E. ParetoC ? 5. The three subfields〔子域〕of the classical perspective include: A.?????? bureaucratic organisation, quantitative management, and the human relation

18、s movement B.?????? quantitative management, behavioural science, and administrative management C. administrative management, bureaucratic organisation, and scientific management D. scientific management, quantitative management, and administrative management E. none of the aboveC ? 6. Bruc

19、e believes his employees are responsible and able to work without intense direction and supervision〔管理〕. He is a: A. Theory X manager B. Theory Y manager C. Theory Z manager D. contingency〔偶然性〕theory manager E. classical managerB SHORT ANSWER 1. Briefly discuss the relationship between

20、 management skills and management level. ?1.management skills summarize in three categories:conceptual skills , human skills and technical skills.management level contains :top managers ,middle managers ,first-line managers and nonmanagers.top managers need conceptual skills,nonmanagers need techni

21、cal skills,human skills is important to all management level 〔管理技能有三種：概念技能、人際技能、技術(shù)技能。概念技能包括：高層管理者、中層管理者、一線管理者和非管理者。高層管理者需要概念技能。非管理者需要技術(shù)技能。人際技能對于管理水平來說很重要?！? 2. What is the difference between efficiency and effectiveness? Which is more important for performance? 2.效率和效益向來都是企業(yè)追求的目標，二者既有聯(lián)系又有區(qū)別。效益是指做正

22、確的事情，效率如此是做事情運用正確的方法。效益比效率更重要，因為無論效率再高，只要所做的事情不對，其結(jié)果就會是無益的勞動，而所付出的一切努力不過是一種浪費。追求效益必須考慮效率，考慮效益實現(xiàn)的速度問題。 CHAPTER 2 The environment and corporate culture TRUE OR FALSE 1、The study of management traditionally has focused on factors external to the organisations. F 2、The general environment and the t

23、ask environment are the two layers of an organisation’s external environment. T 3、Customers and petitors are two important sectors of the economic dimension〔次元〕of a firm’s general environment. F 4. Other organisations in the same industry or type of business that provide goods or services to the

24、same set of customers are referred to as suppliers. F 5. The internal environment within which managers work includes corporate〔公司的〕 culture, sociocultural aspects and customers.F CHOICE 1. Which of these is a part of an organisation’s internal environment? A. its customers B. its salespeop

25、le C. its wage structure D. its suppliers E. its petitorsB ? 2. The __________ environment represents〔表現(xiàn)〕the outer layer of the environment and affects organisations __________. A. task; indirectly B. general; directly C. internal; directly D. internal; indirectly 〔間接地〕 E. general

26、; indirectlyE ? 3. Which of these is NOT a part of an organisation’s general environment? A. technological B. economic C. petitors D. legal-political E. socioculturalC ? 4. An organisation’s task environment includes all of the following EXCEPT: A. petitors B. customers C. labo

27、ur markets D. employers E. suppliersD 5. Which of these are included in an organisation’s task environment? A. suppliers B. accounting procedures 〔手續(xù)〕 C. technology D. government E. demographic〔人口統(tǒng)計學的〕characteristicsA ? 6. Which of the following consists of demographic factors, suc

28、h as population density? A. technological environment B. sociocultural environment C. legal-political environment D. internal environment E. economic environmentB ? 7. The __________ represents people in the environment who can be hired to work for the organisation. A. petitors B. la

29、bour market C. suppliers D. customers E. governmentB ? 8. Which statement 〔表示〕below is correct? A. When environment is dynamic〔活躍的〕, uncertainty is low. B. When the environment is unstable〔動態(tài)的〕, uncertainty is low. C. A dynamic environment has more uncertainty than a stable environmen

30、t. D. The stability〔穩(wěn)定性〕of the environment does not determine the structure of the firm. E. None of the above.C 9. Research has found that a(n) __________ structure works best when organisations experience uncertainty. A. flexible 〔靈活的〕 B. mechanistic 〔機械的〕 C. intuitive 〔直覺的〕 D. inorganic

31、 E. rigid 〔死板的〕 A FILL IN THE BLANKS 1. The external organizational environment includes all elements〔元素〕existing outside the boundary〔分界限〕of the organisation that have the potential〔可能性〕to affect the organisation. 2. The general environment is the outer layer that is widely dispersed and affe

32、cts organisations indirectly. 3. The internal environment includes the sectors that conduct day-to-day transactions 〔交易〕within the organisation. 4. The labor market represents people in the environment who can be hired to work for the organisation. SHORT ANSWER 1. Briefly describe the task envir

33、onment and its four primary sectors. ?1.The task environment includes those sectors that have a direct working relationship with the organization.These include customers,petitor,supplier,and the labor market.Customers are the people and organizations in the environment who acquire goods and service

34、s from the organization.petitor is?other organizations in the same industry or type of business that provide goods or services to the same set of customer.Suppliers?are people and organizations who provide the raw materials the organization uses to produce its output.Labor market is the people avail

35、able for hire by the organization. 〔任務環(huán)境包括和團體有正確的工作關(guān)系。這些包括消費者、競爭者、供給商和勞動力市場。消費者是指那些從企業(yè)購置產(chǎn)品或者服務的個人或組織。競爭者是指那些與本企業(yè)處于同一個行業(yè)、提供與本企業(yè)一樣或類似產(chǎn)品的企業(yè)。供給商是那些提供原材料給企業(yè)用來生產(chǎn)的個人或組織。勞動力市場是指能夠為企業(yè)所雇傭的所有人的集合?！? 2. Briefly describe and discuss the various levels of culture 2.Culture is the set of ?key values,beliefs, und

36、erstandings,and norms that members of an organization share.Culture can be analyzed at the surface level and deeper? level.Surface level includes artifacts,such as?dress, office layout ,symbols,slogans,ceremonies.Deeper level has two sectors.The first one is expressed values,such as "The Penney Idea

37、","The HP Way".The second one is?underlying assumptions and deep beliefs ,such as "people here care about one another like a family". 〔文化是指由一個組織部所有成員共同認可的價值觀、信仰、共識與生活準如此。文化被分解為淺層次和深層次。淺層次包括人工制品，例如裙子、辦公布局、符號、標語、儀式。深層次有兩方面。一種是明確的價值，如“The Penney Idea〞、“ The HP Way〞。另一種是潛在的假設和深深的信仰，例如“這兒的人們把別人視作家庭成員關(guān)懷〞

38、?！? CHAPTER 4 Ethics and Social Responsibility TRUE/FALSE 1、Found between the domains〔領(lǐng)域〕of law and free choice, ethics〔道德規(guī)〕is the code of moral principles that governs any individual or group.T 2、Most ethical dilemmas〔困境〕involve a conflict between the needs of the part and the whole.T 3. The f

39、our approaches that guide ethical decision making are utilitarian〔功力的〕, individualism, moral-rights and objective dualism〔雙重論〕.F 應該是justice approach公正原如此 4. Free choice lies between the domains of codified law and ethics. F 5. Most of the laws guiding human resource management are based on the in

40、dividualism approach.F 6. Culture is the only aspect of an organisation that influences ethics.F 7. All stockholders of an organisation are its stakeholders, but not all stakeholders are its stockholders.T CHOICE 1、Which of these refers to the code of moral principles and values that govern beha

41、viour with respect to what is right and wrong? A. social responsibility B. free domain C. ethics D. codified law 〔編纂法典〕 E. discretionary〔任意的〕responsibilityC ? 2. Around ____ per cent of adults reach the level three stage of moral development. A. 30 B. 40 C. 50 D. 80 E. 20E ?

42、3. Ethics deals with _______ values that are a part of corporate culture and shapes decisions concerning social responsibility with respect to the _______ environment. A. internal/external B. external/external C. internal/internal D. external/internal E. none of the aboveA ? 4. The assu

43、mption〔假設〕that ‘If it’s not illegal, it must be ethical,’ ignores which of the following? A. domain of codified law B. domain of ethics C. domain of free choice D. discretionary responsibility E. domain of symbolismB ? 5. The golden rule ‘do unto others as they would do unto you’ is:

44、A. an example of the utilitarian approach to ethical behaviour B. representative of the moral-justice approach to moral decision making C. an example of the values that guide the individualism approach to ethical behaviour D. an age-old piece of advise not to be taken too seriously E. an exa

45、mple of the justice approach to ethical behaviourC ? 6. Individualism is most closely related to: A. social responsibility B. free choice C. economic responsibility D. codified law E. togethernessB ? 7. Sexual harassment〔性騷擾〕is unethical because it violates〔違反〕an important part of whic

46、h approach to ethical behaviour? A. the utilitarian approach B. the individualism approach C. the justice approach D. the moral-rights approach E. the defensive〔防御的〕approachD ? 8. Most of the laws guiding human resource management are based on the: A. utilitarian approach B. moral-r

47、ights approach C. individualism approach D. justice approach E. collectivism〔集體主義〕approachD FILL IN THE BLANKS 1. ethics is the code of moral principles and values that govern the behaviours of a person or group with respect to what is right or wrong. ? 2. A(n) ethical dilemma arises in a

48、 situation when each alternative choice or behaviour is undesirable〔不良的〕because of potentially〔可能地〕harmful ethical consequences. ? 3. List the four criteria〔條件〕for ethical decision making described in the book. utilitarian approach; individualism approach ; moral rights approach ; justice appr

49、oach? 4. List four examples of primary stakeholders. investors, suppliers, customers, stakeholders? SHORT ANSWER 1.?????? Explain the concept〔概念〕of a stakeholder and list five mon stakeholders 1. A stakeholder is any group within or outside the organization that has a stake in the organizati

50、on's performance. the local?government ;the nature ; physical environments ;special interest groups; the quality of life 〔利益相關(guān)者是指在組織的部或外部，與公司經(jīng)營業(yè)績相互關(guān)聯(lián)的任何個人或組織。當?shù)卣⒆匀?、物理環(huán)境、特定興趣小組、生活質(zhì)量。〕 CHAPTER 5? Planning and Goal Setting TRUE/FALSE 1、Of the four management functions, organizing is the most fun

51、damental〔根本的〕, as everything practical〔實際的〕stems〔血統(tǒng)〕from careful organization. F ? 2. A desired future state that the individual or organization attempts to realize is a goal. T ? 3. Plans specify〔列舉〕future ends; goals specify today’s means.F ? 4. The act of determining the organisation’s goa

52、ls and the means for achieving them is called goal setting. F ? 5. Goals and plans are valuable to an organisation because they provide legitimacy〔合法〕, rationale〔根本原理〕for decisions and an increase in motivation〔積極性〕and mitment〔承諾〕. T ? 6. An organisation’s mission describes its reason for exis

53、tence. T ? 7. Mission statements often reveal〔顯示〕the pany’s philosophy as well as purpose. T ? 8. Strategic plans and goals are those that focus on where the organisation wants to be in the future and pertain〔屬于〕to the organisation as a whole. T ? 9. Reviewing progress is the most difficult st

54、ep in an MBO process. F ? 10. Long-term planning includes strategic goals for the overall organisation. T ?CHOICE 1. A desired future state that an organisation attempts to realise〔明白〕is called a(n): A. plan B. vision statement C. goal D. mission statement E. ideaC ? 2. _______

55、___ specify future ends and __________ specify today’s means. A. Goals, plans B. Plans, goals C. Planning, organising D. Ideas, behaviours E. Mission, visionA ? 3. Which of these is the act of determining the organisation’s goals and the means for achieving them? A. organising

56、 B. brainstorming C. planning D. developing a mission E. a blueprintC ? 4. The planning process begins with which of these? A. the development of operational〔運作的〕goals B. the development of a mission statement C. munication of goals to the rest of the organisation D. a pan

57、y-wide meeting E. brainstormingB ? 5. The __________ is the basis for the strategic level of goals and plans which in turn〔空的〕 shapes the __________ and __________ level. A. goal, mission, tactical B. operational goal, mission and tactical 〔策略的〕 C. objective, operational, mission D. miss

58、ion, tactical, operational E. tactical plan, operational, missionD ? 6. __________ are primarily concerned with tactical goals/plans. A. Middle management B. Board of directors C. Consultants D. Senior management E. Lower managementA ? 7. Which of these are primarily responsible

59、 for strategic goals/plans? A. middle management B. board of directors C. consultants〔咨詢者〕 D. senior management E. lower managementD ? 8. A statement that identifies distinguishing characteristics of an organisation is known as: A. a goals statement B. a values statement

60、C. an ine statement D. a mission statement E. a petitive-edge statementD ? 9. The organisation’s reason for existence is known as: A. the organisation’s value B. the organisation’s vision C. the organisation’s mission D. the organisation’s goal E. the organisation’s serviceC ? 10. ‘We

61、seek to bee the major puter maintenance〔維修〕business in Shanghai ’ is an example of a statement you are most likely to find in the organisation’s: A. tactical goals B. operational goals C. mission D. tactical plans E. operational plansC ? 11. Goals that define the outes that ma

62、jor divisions〔部門〕and departments must achieve in order for the organisation to reach its overall goals are called: A. strategic goals B. tactical goals C. operational goals D. a mission E. a planB ? 12. Specific results expected from individuals are called: A. operational goals

63、 B. tactical goals C. strategic goals D. operational plans E. mission statementsA ? 13. __________ goals lead to the attainment〔成就〕of __________ goals, which in turn lead to the attainment of __________ goals. A. Operational, strategic, tactical B. Tactical, operational, strategic C

64、. Strategic, tactical, operational D. Operational, tactical, strategic E. None of the aboveD ? 14. The first step in the MBO process is: A. setting goals B. developing action plans C. appraising〔評價〕overall performance D. reviewing progress E. reliant〔依賴〕on the objectives, which shou

65、ld be laid down〔制定〕first A ? 15. The final step in the MBO process is to: A. appraise overall performance B. develop an action plan C. review progress D. set goals E. conduct periodic checkups〔周期的審查〕 A ? 16. Contingency〔偶然性〕plans are: A. plans that are developed to achie

66、ve a set of goals that are unlikely to be repeated in the future B. plans that used to provide guidance for tasks performed repeatedly within the organisation C. plans that define pany responses to specific situations, such as emergencies or setbacks D. most important in the organisations E. none of the aboveC ? FILL IN THE BLANKS 1. A goal is a desired future state that the organisation attempts to realise. ? 2. A plan is a blueprint〔藍圖〕for goal achievement and specifies the necess