全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程.doc

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一單元 1 In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter. 1812年，法國(guó)皇帝拿破侖波拿巴率大軍入侵俄羅斯。他準(zhǔn)備好俄羅斯人民會(huì)為保衛(wèi)祖國(guó)而奮勇抵抗。他準(zhǔn)備好在俄羅斯廣袤的國(guó)土上要經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)途跋涉才能進(jìn)軍首都莫斯科。但他沒(méi)有料到在莫斯科他會(huì)遭遇勁敵—俄羅斯陰冷凄苦的寒冬。 2 In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitlers military might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers. 1941年，納粹德國(guó)元首阿道夫希特勒進(jìn)攻當(dāng)時(shí)被稱作蘇聯(lián)的俄羅斯。希特勒的軍事實(shí)力堪稱無(wú)敵。他的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)機(jī)器掃除了歐洲絕大部分地區(qū)的抵抗。希特勒希望速戰(zhàn)速?zèng)Q，但是，就像在他之前的拿破侖一樣，他得到的是痛苦的教訓(xùn)。仍是俄羅斯的冬天助了蘇維埃士兵一臂之力。 二單元 1 Even the automobile industry, which has remained largely unchanged for the last seventy years, is about to feel the effects of the computer revolution. 即便是過(guò)去70年間基本上沒(méi)有多少變化的汽車工業(yè)，也將感受到計(jì)算機(jī)革命的影響。 2 The automobile industry ranks as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth century. There are presently 500 million cars on earth, or one car for every ten people. Sales of the automobile industry stand at about a trillion dollars, making it the worlds biggest manufacturing industry. 汽車工業(yè)是20世紀(jì)最賺錢、最有影響力的產(chǎn)業(yè)之一。目前世界上有5億輛車，或者說(shuō)每10人就有1輛車。汽車工業(yè)的銷售額達(dá)一萬(wàn)億美元左右，從而成為世界上最大的制造業(yè)。 3 The car, and the roads it travels on, will be revolutionized in the twenty-first century. The key to tomorrows "smart cars" will be sensors. "Well see vehicles and roads that see and hear and feel and smell and talk and act," predicts Bill Spreitzer, technical director of General Motors Corporations ITS program, which is designing the smart car and road of the future. 汽車及其行駛的道路，將在21世紀(jì)發(fā)生重大變革。未來(lái)“智能汽車”的關(guān)鍵在于傳感器?！拔覀儠?huì)見(jiàn)到能看、能聽(tīng)、有知覺(jué)、具嗅覺(jué)、會(huì)說(shuō)話并能采取行動(dòng)的車輛與道路，”正在設(shè)計(jì)未來(lái)智能汽車和智能道路的通用汽車公司ITS項(xiàng)目的技術(shù)主任比爾斯普雷扎預(yù)言道。 三單元 28 My mentor, Curt Carlson, is the wealthiest man in Minnesota, owner of a hotel and travel company with sales in the neighborhood of $9 billion. I had to get to a meeting in New York one day, and Curt generously offered me a ride in his jet. It happened to be a day Minnesota was hit with one of the worst snowstorms in years. Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport was closed for the first time in decades. 我的良師益友柯特卡爾森是明尼蘇達(dá)州的首富，擁有一家酒店和旅行社，營(yíng)業(yè)收入約達(dá)90億美元。一次我要去紐約赴會(huì)，柯特慷慨地請(qǐng)我乘坐他的私人飛機(jī)。碰巧那天明尼蘇達(dá)州遭受多年不遇的暴風(fēng)雪襲擊。明尼阿波利斯—圣保羅國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)幾十年來(lái)第一次關(guān)閉。 29 Then, though the storm continued to pound us, the airport opened a runway for small craft only. As we were taxiing down it to take off, Curt turned to me and said gleefully, "Look, Harvey, no tracks in the snow!" 雖然暴風(fēng)雪仍在肆虐，機(jī)場(chǎng)還是特地為小型飛機(jī)清出了一條跑道。我們正在跑道上滑行準(zhǔn)備起飛時(shí)，柯特轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)頭來(lái)興奮地說(shuō)：“看哪，哈維，雪地上沒(méi)有痕跡??！” 30 Curt Carlson, 70 years old at the time, rich beyond anyones dreams, could still sparkle with excitement about being first. 柯特卡爾森，當(dāng)時(shí)年屆70，富甲一方，竟然還會(huì)因?yàn)樽约菏堑谝粋€(gè)而如此興奮。 31 From my standpoint, thats what its all about. Prepare to win. Never stop learning. Believe in yourself, even when no one else does. Find a way to make a difference. Then go out and make your own tracks in the snow. 在我看來(lái)，這些正是關(guān)鍵之所在。準(zhǔn)備去贏。永不中斷學(xué)習(xí)。相信自己，哪怕沒(méi)人相信你。想方設(shè)法顯得與眾不同。然后就出發(fā)，在雪地上留下你自己的足跡。 四單元 1 The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline. People arent attracted to a place of decline. Signs of decline are sure to be found in a place as complex as America: debt, crime, the homeless, drugs, dropouts. But the main characteristic of America, the first and most enduring impression, is dynamism, energy, aggressiveness, forward movement. 僅看美國(guó)依然吸引著千百萬(wàn)人這一事實(shí)就足以證明美國(guó)并未衰落。人們不會(huì)被吸引到一個(gè)衰落的地方。在美國(guó)這樣一個(gè)錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的國(guó)家，當(dāng)然能看到衰落的跡象，如債務(wù)、犯罪活動(dòng)、無(wú)家可歸者、吸毒、逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)的人。但美國(guó)的主要特征，亦即它給人的最初的、最持久的印象，卻是充滿活力、生機(jī)勃勃、不斷進(jìn)取、積極向上。 2 It is so hard to think of this nation in decline when you know that there are vast regions of the planet which are absolutely paralyzed, incapable of any improvement at all. 如果你知道世界上有廣大地區(qū)完全處于癱瘓狀態(tài)，無(wú)法取得任何進(jìn)步時(shí)，那就難以想象這個(gè)國(guó)家在衰落。 3 It is difficult for me to agree with Paul Kennedys thesis in The Rise and Fall of Great Powers that America must inevitably follow historical precedent. Thats the way history used to be -- all powerful nations declined and gave way to other empires. But maybe there is another way to look at what is happening. I have a sense that what is going on here concerns much more than the fate of a nation. 我很難同意保羅肯尼迪在《列強(qiáng)之興衰》中的論點(diǎn)， 即美國(guó)將不可避免地重蹈歷史覆轍。歷史一直如此循環(huán)—強(qiáng)國(guó)衰落，為新興的帝國(guó)所取代。但或許我們能從另外一個(gè)角度看待正在發(fā)生的一切。我有種感覺(jué)，這個(gè)國(guó)家正在發(fā)生的一切不僅僅關(guān)乎一國(guó)之命運(yùn)。 4 It may be that the Euro-centered American nation is declining as it gives way to a new Pacific civilization that will include, but not be limited to, America. Historically speaking, America may not decline, but instead fuse with the Pacific culture to create a kind of vast Pacific collage, a mix of Hispanic and Asian cultures linked through the most modern communication technologies. 以歐洲為中心的美國(guó)或許是在衰落，正由一個(gè)新的太平洋文化所取代，這一文化包括但并不局限于美國(guó)。從歷史的角度來(lái)看，美國(guó)或許不會(huì)衰落，相反，它將與太平洋文化相融合，創(chuàng)建一種廣泛的太平洋拼盤文化，一種依靠最現(xiàn)代的通訊技術(shù)連接的拉丁文化與亞洲文化的混合文化。 五單元 1 For thirty years now I have been studying my fellowmen. I do not know very much about them. I shrug my shoulders when people tell me that their first impressions of a person are always right. I think they must have small insight or great vanity. For my own part I find that the longer I know people the more they puzzle me. 三十年來(lái)，我一直研究我的人類同胞，但至今了解不多。每當(dāng)有人跟我說(shuō)他對(duì)一個(gè)人的第一次印象向來(lái)不錯(cuò)的時(shí)候，我就聳聳肩。我想這種人不是無(wú)知，就是自大。拿我自己來(lái)說(shuō)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)，認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)人的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，我就越感到困惑。 2 These reflections have occurred to me because I read in this mornings paper that Edward Hyde Burton had died at Kobe. He was a merchant and he had been in business in Japan for many years. I knew him very little, but he interested me because once he gave me a great surprise. Unless I had heard the story from his own lips, I should never have believed that he was capable of such an action. It was more startling because both in appearance and manner he suggested a very definite type. Here if ever was a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow, not much more than five feet four in height, and very slender, with white hair, a red face much wrinkled, and blue eyes. I suppose he was about sixty when I knew him. He was always neatly and quietly dressed in accordance with his age and station. 我產(chǎn)生這些想法，是因?yàn)槲以诮裉煸缟系膱?bào)紙上看到愛(ài)德華海德伯頓在神戶去世的消息。他是個(gè)商人，在日本經(jīng)商多年。我跟他并不熟，但是對(duì)他挺有興趣，因?yàn)橛幸淮嗡屛掖蟪砸惑@。要不是聽(tīng)他親口講述這個(gè)故事，我根本不會(huì)相信他能做出這種事來(lái)。這件事之所以特別令人驚訝，是因?yàn)闊o(wú)論是外表還是風(fēng)度，他都讓人想到一種非常明確的類型。要說(shuō)真有表里如一的人的話，那就是此公了。他個(gè)子很小，身高不過(guò)5英尺4英寸，身材纖細(xì)，白頭發(fā)、藍(lán)眼睛，紅紅的臉上布滿皺紋。我估計(jì)自己認(rèn)識(shí)他時(shí)，他大約有60歲光景。他向來(lái)衣著整潔素雅，合乎他的年齡和身份。 3 Though his offices were in Kobe, Burton often came down to Yokohama. I happened on one occasion to be spending a few days there, waiting for a ship, and I was introduced to him at the British Club. We played bridge together. He played a good game and a generous one. He did not talk very much, either then or later when we were having drinks, but what he said was sensible. He had a quiet, dry humor. He seemed to be popular at the club and afterwards, when he had gone, they described him as one of the best. It happened that we were both staying at the Grand Hotel and next day he asked me to dine with him. I met his wife, fat, elderly, and smiling, and his two daughters. It was evidently a united and affectionate family. I think the chief thing that struck me about Burton was his kindliness. There was something very pleasing in his mild blue eyes. His voice was gentle; you could not imagine that he could possibly raise it in anger; his smile was benign. Here was a man who attracted you because you felt in him a real love for his fellows. At the same time he liked his game of cards and his cocktail, he could tell with point a good and spicy story, and in his youth he had been something of an athlete. He was a rich man and he had made every penny himself. I suppose one thing that made you like him was that he was so small and frail; he aroused your instincts of protection. You felt that he could not bear to hurt a fly. 伯頓的辦事處設(shè)在神戶，但他常常到橫濱來(lái)。有一次，我正好因?yàn)榈却?，要在那里呆幾天，在英?guó)俱樂(lè)部經(jīng)人介紹與他相識(shí)。我們?cè)谝黄鹜鏄蚺?。他打得不錯(cuò)，牌風(fēng)也好。無(wú)論在玩牌的時(shí)候，還是在后來(lái)一起喝酒的時(shí)候，他的話都不多，但說(shuō)的話卻都合情合理。他挺幽默，但并不咋呼。他在俱樂(lè)部里似乎人緣不錯(cuò)，后來(lái)，在他走了以后，人家都說(shuō)他是個(gè)頂呱呱的人。事有湊巧，我們倆都住在格蘭德大酒店。第二天他請(qǐng)我吃飯。我見(jiàn)到了他的太太――一位肥肥胖胖、滿面笑容的半老婦人――和他的兩個(gè)女兒。這顯然是和睦恩愛(ài)的一家人。我想，伯頓當(dāng)時(shí)給我印象最深的主要還是他這個(gè)人和善。他那雙溫和的藍(lán)眼睛有種令人愉快的神情。他說(shuō)話的聲音輕柔；你無(wú)法想象他會(huì)提高嗓門大發(fā)雷霆；他的笑容和藹可親。這個(gè)人吸引你，是因?yàn)槟銖乃砩细械剿麑?duì)別人的真正的愛(ài)。同時(shí)他也喜歡玩牌，喝雞尾酒，他能繪聲繪色地講個(gè)來(lái)勁兒的段子什么的，他年輕時(shí)多少還是個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員呢。他是個(gè)闊佬，但他的每一個(gè)便士都是自己掙來(lái)的。我想，人們喜歡他還有一個(gè)原因，那就是他非常瘦小、脆弱，容易引起人們的惻隱之心。你覺(jué)得他甚至連只螞蟻都不忍傷害。 六單元 24 As Godbey points out, the stress we feel arises not from a shortage of time, but from the surfeit of things we try to cram into it. "Its the kid in the candy store," he says. "Theres just so many good things to do. The array of choices is stunning. Our free time is increasing, but not as fast as our sense of the necessary." 正如戈德比所指出的，我們的緊張感并非源于時(shí)間短缺，而是因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)噲D在一個(gè)個(gè)時(shí)段中塞入過(guò)多的內(nèi)容?！熬拖裉枪昀锏暮⒆樱彼f(shuō)，“有那么多美好的事情要做。選擇之多，令人眼花繚亂。我們的空余時(shí)間在增加，但其速度跟不上我們心中日益增多的必須做的事?！? 25 A more successful remedy may lie in understanding the problem rather than evading it. 更有效的解決方式或許在于去理解這一問(wèn)題，而不是回避這一問(wèn)題。 26 Before the industrial revolution, people lived in small communities with limited communications. Within the confines of their village, they could reasonably expect to know everything that was to be known, see everything that was to be seen, and do everything that was to be done. 工業(yè)革命前，人們居住在交通聯(lián)系不方便的小社區(qū)里。在本村范圍內(nèi)，人們自然而然地期望了解該了解的一切，見(jiàn)到該見(jiàn)的一切，做該做的一切。 27 Today, being curious by nature, we are still trying to do the same. But the global village is a world of limitless possibilities, and we can never achieve our aim. 如今，生性好奇的我們?nèi)栽噲D這么做。然而，地球村是一個(gè)有著無(wú)限可能的世界，我們永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)。 28 It is not more time we need: it is fewer desires. We need to switch off the cell-phone and leave the children to play by themselves. We need to buy less, read less and travel less. We need to set boundaries for ourselves, or be doomed to mounting despair. 我們需要的不是更多的時(shí)間：是更少的欲望。我們定要關(guān)掉手機(jī)，讓孩子們自己玩耍。我們定要少購(gòu)物，少閱讀，少出游。我們定要在有所為、有所不為方面給自己設(shè)定界限，不然則注定會(huì)越來(lái)越感到絕望。 七單元 2 I found myself fully awake at 5 a.m. yesterday and went for a walk on the Brooklyn Bridge. Now more than ever the bridge seems like a great gift to my city. It spans. In the changed landscape of downtown it is our undisturbed beauty, grown ever more stately each year. People seem to love it more now, or at least mention it more or notice it more. So do I. Its always full of tourists but always full of New Yorkers, too. 昨天清晨5點(diǎn)我就完全醒了，便去布魯克林大橋散步。如今這座大橋越發(fā)像是賜予我們這個(gè)城市的一件貴重禮物。它跨河而立。在業(yè)已改變的市區(qū)景觀中，它依舊是一道美麗的景致，年復(fù)一年，越發(fā)顯得氣勢(shì)非凡。如今，人們似乎更喜歡它，至少是更多地提到它、注意到它。本人也一樣。橋上總是擠滿游客，也總是擠滿紐約居民。 3 I am struck, as I always am when Im on it, that I am walking on one of the engineering wonders of the world. And I was struck yesterday that I was looking at one of the greatest views in the history of mans creation, Manhattan at sunrise. 我在這座橋上行走時(shí)總是深感驕傲，因?yàn)樽约郝皆谑澜绻こ碳夹g(shù)一大奇跡之上；今天踏上這座橋，我同樣深感驕傲。昨天我深受感動(dòng)，因?yàn)槲以谟^看有人類創(chuàng)造史以來(lái)最輝煌的景象之一：曼哈頓日出。 4 And all of it was free. A billionaire would pay billions to own this bridge and keep this view, but I and my jogging, biking and hiking companions have it for nothing. We inherited it. Now all we do is pay maintenance, in the form of taxes. We are lucky. 而且那是分文不花的。億萬(wàn)富翁要想擁有這座橋，將這一景致占為己有，那得付出億萬(wàn)錢財(cái)，而我以及那些或慢跑、或騎車、或徒步的同行者卻能免費(fèi)享用。我們繼承了這座大橋。如今我們所要做的只是以納稅的方式支付維修費(fèi)用。我輩實(shí)屬有幸。 八單元 9 The point of going somewhere like the Napo River in Ecuador is not to see the most spectacular anything. It is simply to see what is there. We are here on the planet only once, and might as well get a feel for the place. We might as well get a feel for the fringes and hollows in which life is lived, for the Amazon basin, which covers half a continent, and for the life that -- there, like anywhere else -- is always and necessarily lived in detail: on the tributaries, in the riverside villages, sucking this particular white-fleshed guava in this particular pattern of shade. 去厄瓜多爾納波河這種地方不是為了觀賞什么世界奇觀，而只是去看一看那里有些什么。人生在世，惟有一次，我們不妨去感受一下那個(gè)地方。我們不妨去感受一下有生命生活其間的遠(yuǎn)方水鄉(xiāng)山谷，去感受覆蓋了半個(gè)大陸的亞馬遜河流域，去感受那樣一種生活――在那里，一如在別的地方――那種必定總是瑣碎的生活：在各條支流上，在臨水的村落里，在有著獨(dú)特形狀的陰涼處吮吸著有白色漿果的獨(dú)特的番石榴。 10 What is there is interesting. The Napo River itself is wide and brown, opaque, and smeared with floating foam and logs and branches from the jungle. Parrots in flocks dart in and out of the light. Under the water in the river, unseen, are anacondas -- which are reputed to take a few village toddlers every year -- and water boas, crocodiles, and sweet-meated fish. 那里的一切都趣味盎然。納波河河面寬闊，河水混濁，呈褐黃色，浮沫以及叢林里來(lái)的木段和樹(shù)枝翻浮其上。成群的鸚鵡忽而飛進(jìn)樹(shù)蔭里，忽而飛入陽(yáng)光里。水下潛伏著南美蟒蛇――據(jù)說(shuō)每年都要吞吃幾名村童――還有水蟒、鱷魚(yú)，以及肉質(zhì)鮮美的魚(yú)類。