[考試寶典]2011職稱英語理工AB級閱讀理解精講

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1、 職稱英語考試寶典 系列軟件 職稱英語理工AB級閱讀理解精講(1) 　Where Have All the Bees Gone? 　　Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse1 disorder. According to surveys of

2、 beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the United States have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why. 　　Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat.

3、 As they feed, honeybees spread pollen from flower to flower. Without this process, a plant can’t produce seeds or fruits. 　　Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out what’s causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. By sharing their expertise in honeybee

4、 behavior, health, and nutrition, team members hope to find out what’s contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearances in the future. 　　It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees. To explore that possibility, Jay Evans, a researcher at the United States Departme

5、nt of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory2, examines bees taken from colonies that are collapsing. “We know what s healthy bee should look like on the inside, and we can look for physical signs of disease,” he says. And bees from collapsing colonies don’t look very healthy. “Their stomachs ar

6、e worn down, compared to the stomachs of healthy bees,” Evans says. It may be that a parasite is damaging the bees’ digestive organs. Their immune systems may not be working as they should. Moreover, they have high levels of bacteria inside their bodies. 　　Another cause of colony-collapse disorder

7、may be certain chemicals that farmers apply to kill unwanted insects on crops, says Jerry Hayes, chief bee inspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture3. Some studies, he says, suggest that a certain type of insecticide affects the honeybee’s nervous system (which includes the brain) and memo

8、ry. “It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about where to go and what to do,” he says. 　　If it turns out that a disease is contributing to colony collapse, bees’ genes could explain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not. In any group of bees there are many differ

9、ent kinds of genes. The more different genes a group has, the higher the group’s genetic diversity. So far scientists haven’t determined the role of genetic diversity in colony collapse, but it’s a promising theory, says Evans. 　　詞匯： 　　honeybee n. 蜜蜂parasite n. 寄生蟲;寄生生物 　　hive n. 蜂巢; 蜂箱digestive

10、adj. 消化的 　　pollen n. 花粉immune adj. 免疫的 　　beekeeper n. 養(yǎng)蜂人insecticide n. 殺蟲劑 　　expertise n. 專門知識，專長diversity n. 多樣性 　　注釋： 　　1. colony-collapse：群體癱瘓。Colony有“殖民地”的意思，在此意為： a group of the same kind of animals, plants, or one-celled organisms living or growing together. 一群生活或生長在一起的同種動物、植物或單細胞有機體。 　

11、　2. the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory：美國農(nóng)業(yè)部蜜蜂研究實驗室。 　　3. the Florida Department of Agriculture：佛羅里達農(nóng)業(yè)局。佛羅里達是美國東南部的一個州，瀕臨大西洋和墨西哥灣。 　　練習： 　　1. What is the mystery that researchers find hard to explain? 　　A) Honeybees are flying all across the country. 　　B)

12、 25-40 percent of the honeybees in the US have died. 　　C) Honeybees are leaving their hives and do not return. 　　D) Honeybee hives are in disorder. 　　2. Why are researchers seriously concerned with the phenomenon of colony-collapse disorder? 　　A) Because honeybees produce one-third of the foods

13、we eat 　　B) Because honeybees feed on flowers. 　　C) Because honeybees eat seeds of flowers. 　　D) Both B and C. 　　3. What are the possible causes of colony-collapse disorder given by the scientists? 　　A) Worsening environment. 　　B) Disease and chemicals. 　　C) Dwindling number of flowers around

14、. 　　D) Changes in genes’ structures. 　　4. According to the fifth paragraph, which of the following about bees’ genes is true? 　　A) Bees’ genes allow them to expand their colonies. 　　B) Bees genes help keep them in their hives. 　　C) Bees genes make them fly from flower to flower. 　　D) Bees gene

15、s could explain the collapse of some colonies. 　　5. What explanation is given by Jerry Hayes to the phenomenon? 　　A) Farmers apply certain chemicals to kill unwanted bees. 　　B)The insecticide destroys the honeybee’s nervous system. 　　C)The insecticide affects the honeybee’s memory. 　　D) All of

16、the above. 　　答案與題解： 　　1.分析文章標題：Where have all the bees(蜜蜂) gone(去)? 　　文章將分析造成蜜蜂離去的原因, 參看文章開頭部分的語句或文章中的用詞特點，以進一步了解文章主題： 　　Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All完全地 across(越過， 到...的對面) the country, honeybees are leaving(離開) their hives(蜂巢) and never returning(返回).(第3句

17、) Researchers(研究者) call this phenomenon(現(xiàn)象) colony-collapse1 disorder(混亂， 紊亂). According to surveys of beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the United States have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why. 　　Colony((生物)群體) collapse(崩潰)

18、is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat. As they feed, honeybees spread pollen from flower to flower. Without this process, a plant can’t produce seeds or fruits. 　　Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to

19、try to figure out what’s causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. By sharing their expertise in honeybee behavior, health, and nutrition, team members hope to find out what’s contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearances in the future. 　　It could be that disease is causing

20、 the disappearance of the bees. To explore that possibility, Jay Evans, a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory2, examines bees taken from colonies that are collapsing. “We know what s healthy bee should look like on the inside, and we can look for

21、physical signs of disease,” he says. And bees from collapsing colonies don’t look very healthy. “Their stomachs are worn down, compared to the stomachs of healthy bees,” Evans says. It may be that a parasite is damaging the bees’ digestive organs. Their immune systems may not be working as they shou

22、ld. Moreover, they have high levels of bacteria inside their bodies. 　　Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers apply to kill unwanted insects on crops, says Jerry Hayes, chief bee inspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture3. Some studies, he says, su

23、ggest that a certain type of insecticide affects the honeybee’s nervous system (which includes the brain) and memory. “It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about where to go and what to do,” he says. 　　If it turns out that a disease is contributing to colony collapse, bees’ ge

24、nes could explain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not. In any group of bees there are many different kinds of genes. The more different genes a group has, the higher the group’s genetic diversity. So far scientists haven’t determined the role of genetic diversity in colony collapse,

25、 but it’s a promising theory, says Evans. 　　分析：文章主題涉及對蜜蜂群體崩潰現(xiàn)象的討論。 　　2. 直接解題： 　　1. What is the mystery(神秘， 神秘的事情)that researchers(研究者)find hard(困難的，硬的， 堅固的， 努力地) to explain(解釋) ? 　　A) Honeybees(蜜蜂) are flying all (完全地)across the country(國家， 鄉(xiāng)村)(遍及全國). 　　B) 25-40 percent(百分之，百分數(shù)) of the honeybee

26、s in the US have died(死亡). 　　C) Honeybees are leaving their hives(蜂巢) and do not return(返回). 　　D) Honeybee hives(蜂箱) are in disorder(紊亂， 混亂). 　　1.C. 細節(jié)題。 該題可以借助文章主題的提示直接判定C是答案， 也可以參考文章中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容來判斷答案。 利用問題句中的細節(jié)信息詞(mystery, researcher)及備選項中的細節(jié)及特征結(jié)構(gòu)(A：all cross the country; B：25-40 percent of honeybees

27、 in the US, C/D: honeybee hives)共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句： 　　(第一段)Scientists (與問題句中的researchers詞義相關(guān))who study insects (昆蟲)have a real(真正的) mystery (神秘的事情)on their hands(正在處理...). All across the country(遍及全國), honeybees are leaving their hives and never returning(不再返回). Researchers call this phenomenon

28、colony-collapse1 disorder. According to (根據(jù))surveys of beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the United States have vanished (消失)from their hives since. So far(到目前為止), no one can explain why. 　　答案相關(guān)句(第一段的第一句和第二句)告訴我們，昆蟲學加家正面臨一個不可解釋的謎：蜜蜂飛出蜂巢后，不再返回。 　　2. Why are researc

29、hers(研究者) seriously(認真地，嚴肅地) concerned with (關(guān)注...,關(guān)心...)the phenomenon(現(xiàn)象) of colony((群體))-collapse(崩潰) disorder(混亂)? 　　A) Because honeybees(蜜蜂) produce(生產(chǎn)，引起， 結(jié)(果實)) one-third(1/3) of the foods(食物) we eat 　　B) Because honeybees feed on (以...為食)flowers(鮮花， 開花). 　　C) Because honeybees eat seeds(種

30、子) of flowers. 　　D) Both B and C. 　　2. A。 細節(jié)題。 利用問題句中的細節(jié)信息詞(researchers)及備選項中的細節(jié)信息及特征結(jié)構(gòu)(A：one-third of the foods; B：flowers; C：seeds of flowers)共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句： 　　(第一題答案相關(guān)句)Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their h

31、ives and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse1 disorder. According to surveys of beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the United States have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why. 　　Colony collapse (群體崩潰

32、/問題句中的核心詞語)is a serious(認真的) concern(關(guān)注， 關(guān)心，關(guān)注的事情/問題句中的核心詞concerned的家族詞) because bees play an important role in (在...方面起了很重要的作用)the production(生產(chǎn))of about one-third of the foods we eat. 　　As they feed, honeybees spread pollen from flower to flower. Without this process, a plant can’t produce seeds

33、or fruits. 　　答案相關(guān)句(短文第二段的第一句)說：蜜蜂直接關(guān)系到人類所需的1/3的食物的生產(chǎn)， 因此A是答案。 　　提示： 如果答案相關(guān)句中出現(xiàn)了問題句或被選項中的近義詞/家族詞匯/甚至是反義詞，則這個答案相關(guān)句很可能就是直接答案相關(guān)句，而有時就可能直接對比這個答案相關(guān)句的結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞， 對比被選項中的結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞， 直接判斷答案。 　　該題考查短語結(jié)構(gòu)(play a role in.../在...方面起作用) 　　3. What are the possible(可能的) causes(原因，造成) of colony-collapse disorder(混亂)given b

34、y the scientists? 　　A) Worsening(惡化的) environment(環(huán)境). 　　B) Disease(疾病) and chemicals(化學制品). 　　C) Dwindling(正在縮小的) number(數(shù)量，數(shù)字) of flowers around(周圍， 大約). 　　D) Changes in (在...方面的變化)genes(基因)’ structures(結(jié)構(gòu)). 　　3.B. 細節(jié)題。 利用問題句中的細節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)(scientists)及備選項中帶有修飾詞的細節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)(Worsening environment，Worsenin

35、g environment，Dwindling number of flowers ，genes’ structures )共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句： 　　Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse1 disorder. Accordin

36、g to surveys of beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the United States have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why. 　　(第2題答案相關(guān)句)Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-t

37、hird of the foods we eat. As they feed, honeybees spread pollen from flower(選項C中的線索詞) to flower. Without this process, a plant can’t produce seeds or fruits. 　　Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out what’s causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. By

38、sharing their expertise in honeybee behavior, health, and nutrition, team members hope to find out what’s contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearances in the future. 　　(第4段)It could be that (可能...)disease(疾病)(選項B中的線索詞) is causing the disappearance(消失)of the bees. To explore that po

39、ssibility(可能性), Jay Evans, a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory(實驗室), examines bees taken from colonies that are collapsing.” We know what a healthy bee should look like on the inside, and we can look for physical signs of disease,” he says. And

40、bees from collapsing colonies don’t look very healthy. “Their stomachs are worn down, compared to the stomachs of healthy bees,” Evans says. It may be that a parasite is damaging the bees’ digestive organs. Their immune systems may not be working as they should. Moreover, they have high levels of ba

41、cteria inside their bodies. 　　(第5段)Another cause(原因) of colony-collapse disorder may be certain(某個的/某些的， 必然的，確信的 ) chemicals (化學品)that farmers(農(nóng)民) apply to(應用于...) kill unwanted(有害的， 討厭的) insects(昆蟲) on crops, says Jerry Hayes(與問題句中提到的“科學家”呼應), chief(主要的， 首席的) bee inspector(觀察員，巡視員) for(為) the Flor

42、ida Department(局， 部， 系) of Agriculture(農(nóng)業(yè)). Some studies, he says, suggest that a certain type of insecticide affects the honeybee’s nervous system (which includes the brain) and memory. “It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about where to go and what to do,” he says. 　　第四的開頭句

43、和第5段的開頭句給出了科學家認為的造成可能造成這種現(xiàn)象的兩個原因。 　　提示：段落段首句/段尾句處常設(shè)考點。文章中權(quán)威人士/權(quán)威機構(gòu)的發(fā)言處常設(shè)考點。 　　4. According to (根據(jù))the fifth paragraph(段落)(更正：這里應該改成第6段), which of the following (下列哪個)about bees’ genes(基因) is true(正確的， 真實的， 忠誠的)? 　　A) Bees’ genes(基因) allow(允許) them to expand(擴張， 詳細敘述) their colonies(群體). 　　B) Bee

44、s genes help keep(留下， 保持) them in their hives(蜂巢). 　　C) Bees genes make them fly(飛翔，飄揚) from flower(花) to flower 　　D) Bees genes could explain(解釋) the collapse(崩潰) of some colonies 　　4.D. 細節(jié)題。 該題可借助文章主題內(nèi)容直接判斷答案，也可利用問題句中的細節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)(bees’ genes)及備選項中的細節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)(B：hives, C: flower)共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句： 　　

45、Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse1 disorder. According to surveys of beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the

46、United States have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why. 　　Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat. As they feed, honeybees spread pollen from flower to flower. Without thi

47、s process, a plant can’t produce seeds or fruits. 　　Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out what’s causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. By sharing their expertise in honeybee behavior, health, and nutrition, team members hope to find out what’s co

48、ntributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearances in the future. 　　(第3題答案相關(guān)句)It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees. To explore that possibility, Jay Evans, a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory2, examines bee

49、s taken from colonies that are collapsing. “We know what s healthy bee should look like on the inside, and we can look for physical signs of disease,” he says. And bees from collapsing colonies don’t look very healthy. “Their stomachs are worn down, compared to the stomachs of healthy bees,” Evans s

50、ays. It may be that a parasite is damaging the bees’ digestive organs. Their immune systems may not be working as they should. Moreover, they have high levels of bacteria inside their bodies. 　　(第3題答案相關(guān)句)Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers apply to kill u

51、nwanted insects on crops, says Jerry Hayes, chief bee inspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture3. Some studies, he says, suggest that a certain type of insecticide affects the honeybee’s nervous system (which includes the brain) and memory. “It seems like honeybees are going out and gettin

52、g confused about where to go and what to do,” he says. 　　If it turns out that (結(jié)果證明)a disease(疾病) is contributing to (正導致)colony collapse, bees’ genes could explain(解釋) why some colonies have collapsed and others(= other colonies)have not(collapsed). In any group of bees there are many different ki

53、nds of genes. The more different genes a group has, the higher the group’s genetic (遺傳的)diversity(多樣性). So far scientists haven’t determined the role of genetic diversity in colony collapse, but it’s a promising theory, says Evans. 　　答案相關(guān)句(第6段段首句)說：蜜蜂的基因能解釋為什么一些蜜蜂群體已經(jīng)崩潰了，而其他的蜜蜂群體沒有崩潰， 因此D是答案。 　　5.

54、 What explanation(解釋) is given by (被...給出)Jerry Hayes to/for(explanation for.../對...的解釋) the phenomenon(現(xiàn)象)? 　　A) Farmers(農(nóng)民) apply (把...應用于...)certain(某些的) chemicals(化學品) to kill(殺死)unwanted(有害的) bees(這里應該改成insects). 　　B)The insecticide(殺蟲劑) destroys(破壞， 毀滅) the honeybee’s nervous(神經(jīng)的， 緊張的) syste

55、m(系統(tǒng)，體系). 　　C)The insecticide affects(影響) the honeybee’s memory(記憶，記憶力). 　　D) All of the above. 　　5.D. 細節(jié)題。利用問題句中的特征詞(Jerry Hay)及備選項中的細節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)(A：certain chemicals， unwanted bees;B：insecticide，nervous system， C：memory )共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句： 　　Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on the

56、ir hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse1 disorder. According to surveys of beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the United States have vanished from their hives since last

57、 fall. So far, no one can explain why. 　　Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat. As they feed, honeybees spread pollen from flower to flower. Without this process, a plant can’t produce seeds or fruits. 　　No

58、w, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out what’s causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. By sharing their expertise in honeybee behavior, health, and nutrition, team members hope to find out what’s contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappeara

59、nces in the future. 　　It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees. To explore that possibility, Jay Evans, a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory2, examines bees taken from colonies that are collapsing. “We know what s health

60、y bee should look like on the inside, and we can look for physical signs of disease,” he says. And bees from collapsing colonies don’t look very healthy. “Their stomachs are worn down, compared to the stomachs of healthy bees,” Evans says. It may be that a parasite is damaging the bees’ digestive or

61、gans. Their immune systems may not be working as they should. Moreover, they have high levels of bacteria inside their bodies. 　　(第5段)Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers apply to kill unwanted insects on crops, says Jerry Hayes, chief bee inspector for th

62、e Florida Department of Agriculture3. Some studies(研究), he(指代Jerry Hayes) says, suggest(顯示，建議) that a certain(某種) type(類型) of insecticide (殺蟲劑)affects(影響) the honeybee’s nervous system (神經(jīng)系統(tǒng))(which includes(包括) the brain(大腦)) and memory(記憶力). “It seems like (好像， 似乎)honeybees are going out (出去，熄滅)and

63、 getting confused about (對...感到困惑)where to go and what to do,” he says. 　　(第4題答案相關(guān)句)If it turns out that a disease is contributing to colony collapse, bees’ genes could explain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not. In any group of bees there are many different kinds of genes. The mo

64、re different genes a group has, the higher the group’s genetic diversity. So far scientists haven’t determined the role of genetic diversity in colony collapse, but it’s a promising theory, says Evans. 　　答案相關(guān)句描述了造成蜜蜂群體崩潰的直接原因(農(nóng)民使用一些化學藥品/殺蟲劑)和造成蜜蜂崩潰的根本原因(殺蟲劑破壞了蜜蜂的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng))， 所以D是正確選擇。 職稱英語理工AB級閱讀理解精講(2)

65、 　　Smart Window 　　Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology. Researchers are now working on new technolog

66、ies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch2. 　　“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist. He’s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3. “It’s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors. 　　Yet,