2020年中考英語易錯(cuò)易丟分 專題10 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)(含解析)
《2020年中考英語易錯(cuò)易丟分 專題10 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)(含解析)》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《2020年中考英語易錯(cuò)易丟分 專題10 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)(含解析)(17頁珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、專題10 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 丟分題詳解 【2019 ?黑龍江齊齊哈爾中考】As an exchange student, Alan ________ Qiqihar for one and a half years. A. has been to B. has been in C. has gone to 【答案】B 【解析】句意:作為一名交換生,Alan在齊齊哈爾已經(jīng)有一年半了。A. has been to 去過……;B. has been in呆在某地;C. has gone to去了……,可能在途中,也可能已經(jīng)到了。根據(jù)for one and a half year
2、s.可知?jiǎng)釉~是持續(xù)性的。這里用have been in表示呆在某地多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。根據(jù)題意,故選B。 丟分探因 此題學(xué)生容易做錯(cuò)的原因是分不清has gone to和has been to的用法: somebody has gone to +表示地點(diǎn)的名詞:意思某人去了某個(gè)地方(有可能在還在路上,有可能到達(dá)了某個(gè)地方,但是還沒有回來) Tom has gone to America. 湯姆去了美國(guó)(有可能還在去美國(guó)路上,有可能已經(jīng)抵達(dá)美國(guó)) somebody has been to + 表示地點(diǎn)的名詞:意思某人曾經(jīng)過去過地方(但是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那個(gè)地方了) Tom has been t
3、o America. 湯姆曾經(jīng)過去過美國(guó)(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在美國(guó)了) 查漏補(bǔ)缺 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中been to,gone to和been in/at been to去過某地,表示某人的一種經(jīng)歷,可以和once,twice,already,ever,never等連用。 She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在這里) gone to 去某地了,說話時(shí)某人已離開此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地。 She has gone to Shanghai. (表示現(xiàn)在她人不在這里) 她已經(jīng)去了上海。 be
4、en in/at 逗留在某地(已經(jīng)一段時(shí)間),常和for ten days,since I came here等連用。 She has been in Shanghai since she moved there. 自從她搬到那以后,她就一直住在上海。 丟分題詳解 【2019 ?湖北宜昌中考】—What great progress Huawei in recent years! —No wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world. A. is making B. has made C
5、. makes D. made 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——華為近年來取得了多么大的進(jìn)步啊!——難怪它在世界各地廣為人知。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)辨析。in recent years在最近幾年,用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);Huawei是單數(shù)第三人稱,助動(dòng)詞需用has;根據(jù)句意結(jié)構(gòu),可知選B。 丟分探因 此題考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是中考常考的考點(diǎn),考生掌握住現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法,是做對(duì)這類題的關(guān)鍵。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果。也就是說,動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在。 I have already posted the
6、photo. 我已經(jīng)把照片寄走了。強(qiáng)調(diào)post對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響"照片不在這里"。 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作(用行為動(dòng)詞表示)或狀態(tài)(be動(dòng)詞表示),常與for(+時(shí)間段),since(+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去時(shí)的句子)連用,謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如: He has lived here since 1978. 自從1978年以來,他一直住在這兒。(動(dòng)作起始于1978年,一直住到現(xiàn)在,可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。) 注意:for和since的用法。 ①for + 時(shí)間段 譯為:……時(shí)間 ②since + 過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(譯為:自從……以來) ③since
7、 + 時(shí)間段 + ago ④since + 從句(過去時(shí)) ⑤It is + 時(shí)間段 + since + 從句(過去時(shí)) 注意:瞬間動(dòng)詞(buy, die, join, lose...)與for 或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間段連用時(shí),要改變成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。變化如下: come/arrive/reach/get to→be in go out→be out finish→be over open→be open die→be dead buy→have Fall ill→be ill Come back→be back Pu
8、t on→be on/wear Worry→be worried Catch a cold→have a cold 查漏補(bǔ)缺 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是一個(gè)與過去和現(xiàn)在都有關(guān)系的時(shí)態(tài),因此,具有這樣時(shí)間特點(diǎn)的狀語都可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。 1. 與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,如"for+時(shí)間段","since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)"。如: We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市已生活了40多年。 We have lived in this city since 1958. 我們從1958年起就住
9、在這個(gè)城市里。 從以上兩個(gè)例句我們可以看出,與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常為stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延續(xù)意義的動(dòng)詞。 2. 與籠統(tǒng)地表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用,如already, never, ever, just等。如: I’ve just found this library book. 我剛剛找到這本圖書館的書。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美??!我還從來沒聽到過比這更優(yōu)美的嗓
10、音。 3. 與表示包含過去和現(xiàn)在的一整段時(shí)間的狀語連用,如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如: How have you been recently? 你近來狀況如何? The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在過去兩年的時(shí)間里寫了一本新書。 Have you seen her parents these days? 這些天你看見她的父母
11、了嗎? The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今為止,布朗一家已經(jīng)參觀了中國(guó)的許多地方。 注意:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與單純表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用,如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 1. 側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去,但它們所強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)不同:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響;而一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重于某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間,即現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果,而一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重于動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。如
12、: I have seen the film. 我看過這部電影。(現(xiàn)在我仍記得電影的內(nèi)容) I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了這部電影。(強(qiáng)調(diào)是三天前,而不是別的什么時(shí)候看的電影) Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生買了一臺(tái)新電腦。(著重點(diǎn)是格林先生現(xiàn)在有了一臺(tái)新電腦) Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天買了一臺(tái)新電腦。(強(qiáng)調(diào)的是格林先生買新電腦的時(shí)間是昨天) 2. 時(shí)間狀語不同 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already,yet,j
13、ust,ever,never,before等副詞以及"for+段時(shí)間","since+過去時(shí)間/從句"等時(shí)間狀語連用;而一般過去時(shí)則常與"時(shí)間段+ago",just now,yesterday,last week等表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如: She has lived here since two years ago. 她兩年前就住在這里了。 She lived here two years ago. 兩年前她住在這里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入團(tuán)已經(jīng)三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his par
14、ents last night. 昨晚湯姆給他的父母寫了封信。 丟分題詳解 【2019 ?四川省廣元市】If you study hard, you ________ into a good senior high school. A. got B. will get C. get 【答案】B 【解析】考查條件狀語從句時(shí)態(tài)的用法。句意:如果你努力學(xué)習(xí),你_______進(jìn)入一個(gè)好點(diǎn)的高中。A. got 表示一般過去時(shí);B. will get 是一般將來時(shí);C. get 是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。連詞if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中,主句是一般將來時(shí),條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作。由句意
15、可知,主句是將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用一般將來時(shí),故選B。 丟分探因 此題考查一般將來時(shí)的用法,該句為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則。考生掌握在什么情況下用將來時(shí),更容易作對(duì)這類題。 查漏補(bǔ)缺 一般將來時(shí) 一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語: tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。 1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu): ①be going to + do; ②will+ do. I am going to sing in the
16、 singing competition next week. Sally will have dance lessons this weekend. 2. 否定句和疑問句: ⑴ 否定句:在be動(dòng)詞(am, is, are)后加not或will后加not,??s略為won’t。例如: He isn’t going to practice the piano this month. Tony won’t visit the Great Wall next summer. ⑵ 在一般疑問句中,通常把be或will提到句首。例如: Are you going to see your g
17、randmother next month? Will you watch a football game tomorrow? 3. There be句型的一般將來時(shí) 該句型的一般將來時(shí)也有兩種形式:“there is/are going to be…”和“there will be…”。如: There will be a nice concert tonight.(There is going to be a concert tonight. 一般疑問句為“Will there be…或Is/Are there going to be…?”,對(duì)應(yīng)的肯定回答Yes, there w
18、ill. (Yes, there is/ are.);否定回答為:No, there won’t.( No, there isn’t/ aren’t.)。例如: Will there a heavy rain tomorrow? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t. 丟分題詳解 15.【2019 ?臨沂市】Melting ice (融冰) can cause sea levels to rise. Since 1993, sea levels _________at a speed of 3.2 cm every 10 years. A.
19、rose B. have risen C. rise 【答案】B 【解析】句意:融冰會(huì)導(dǎo)致海平面上升,自1993年以來,海平面以每10年3.2厘米的速度上升。根據(jù)句子中的since自從,可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在過去,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并有可能一直持續(xù)下去,符合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義,完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu):主語+ have/has +過去分詞,故選B。 【2019 ?內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特市】The shop in Wanda Square _______for six years, but I ______there so far. A. has opened; haven’t gone
20、 B. has been opened; haven’t been C. has been open; haven’t gone D. has been opened; haven’t been 【答案】B 【解析】句意:萬達(dá)廣場(chǎng)的商店已經(jīng)開了六年了,但到目前為止我還沒有去過。第一個(gè)空,由so far“到目前為止”可知,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài);be open表示延續(xù)性動(dòng)作.be的過去分詞是been,A、D不正確;第二個(gè)空,have been去過(已經(jīng)回來了),have gone去了(沒回來),結(jié)合語境"我還沒有去過",用haven't been,
21、C不正確,故選:B。 丟分探因 查漏補(bǔ)缺 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊情況: 1. 不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況: (1)所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 (2)表示狀態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。 (3)表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞,如have、own、belong to等。 (4)表示"希望、意圖"的動(dòng)詞,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。 (5)賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài),不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 2. 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況: (1)系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式,但有些表示感受、
22、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 (2)當(dāng)cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等詞帶狀語修飾語時(shí)。 (3)當(dāng)break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動(dòng)詞詞組表示"發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定"等意思時(shí)。 (4)want,require,need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義。 (5)be worth doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。 (6)在"be + 形容詞 + to do"中,不定式的邏輯
23、賓語是句子的主語,用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。 另外:be to blame(受譴責(zé)),be to rent(出租)也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。 丟分點(diǎn)歸納 1. has gone to和has been to的區(qū)別和用法; 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法; 3. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊情況。 中考題演練 1.【2019 ?廣西百色市】—Your father has gone to Shenzhen on business, hasn't he? —Yes. And he _____in two weeks. A. will return B. has returned C. returned D.
24、 returns 【答案】A 【解析】句意:——你的父親已經(jīng)去深圳出差,不是嗎?——是的,他打算兩周后回來。A為一般將來時(shí);B為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);C為一般過去時(shí);D為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。根據(jù)in two weeks可知,該題的時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來時(shí),其結(jié)構(gòu)是:will+動(dòng)詞原形。故選A。 2.【2019 ?廣西百色市】Neither my sister nor I _____been to Xi'an before. A. have never B. have ever C. has never D. has ever 【答案】B 【解析】句意:我姐姐和我都沒去過西安。根據(jù)“been to”和 “
25、before”可知本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has done);其次neither…nor表示兩者都不,本身就是否定意義,則可排除never,即排除A、C;當(dāng)其作主語時(shí),謂語通常遵循“就近一致”原則,即謂語由離其最近的名詞或者代詞單復(fù)數(shù)決定,該句中離其最近的主語是I,則應(yīng)填寫have ever。故選B。 3.【2019 ?湖南長(zhǎng)沙中考】— I can’t find Sarah. Where is she? — She ______ for tomorrow’s Xingcheng Cup speaking competition at home. A. prepares B.
26、 will prepare C. is preparing 【答案】C 【解析】句意:——我找不到薩拉。她在哪里?——她正在家里為明天的星城杯演講比賽做準(zhǔn)備。A. prepares一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);B. will prepare一般將來時(shí);C. is preparing現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。問句是詢問薩拉在哪里,是說當(dāng)前的情況,答語用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示她正在做某事,故答案為C。 4.【2019 ?四川眉山中考】— Linda has to Paris. How can I get in touch with her? — Don’t worry. She will call you as
27、 soon as she there. A. been;will get B. been;gets C. gone;will get D. gone;gets 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——琳達(dá)已經(jīng)去了巴黎,我怎樣能夠和她聯(lián)系?——?jiǎng)e擔(dān)心,她一到那就會(huì)給你打電話。第一空處,根據(jù)How can I get in touch with her可知,琳達(dá)去了巴黎,還沒回來,用have gone to,第二空處,根據(jù)“主將從現(xiàn)”原則可知可知,as soon as引導(dǎo)的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故選D。 5.【2019 ?四川省眉山市】— Your new watch is so ni
28、ce! When did you buy it? — In October. I it for two months. A. had B. bought C. have had D. have bought 【答案】C 【解析】句意:——你的新手表很漂亮,你什么時(shí)候買的?——10月份,我已經(jīng)買兩個(gè)月了。A.一般過去時(shí);B.一般過去時(shí);C.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);D.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)for two months可知,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),排除A和B;且buy為瞬間動(dòng)詞,不與一段時(shí)間連用,可以轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have,故選C。 6.【2019 ?湖北省咸寧市】—Let’s go cli
29、mbing if it ____ this Saturday. — Good idea. But nobody knows if it . A. is fine; rains B. is fine; will rain C. will be fine; rains D. will be fine; will rain 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——如果這個(gè)星期六天氣好,我們?nèi)ヅ郎桨??!弥饕狻5珱]人知道會(huì)不會(huì)下雨。第一個(gè)空if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句,因此從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來,is fine;第二個(gè)空if引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句,根據(jù)第一句的時(shí)間狀語this Sa
30、turday可知,要用一般將來時(shí),一般將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成是will+動(dòng)詞原形。故選B。 7.【2019 ?襄陽市】— Why won’t we play basketball with Class 4 this afternoon? — Because they _ Longzhong for a study trip. A. have gone to B. have been to C. had gone to D. had been to 【答案】A 【解析】句意:——今天下午我們?yōu)槭裁床缓退陌嘁黄鸫蚧@球?——因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)ヂ≈醒袑W(xué)旅行去了??疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。A.
31、have gone to現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),表示去了某地,可能已到達(dá)某地,也可能在去某地的路途中;B. have been to現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),表示去了某地,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了;C. had gone to過去完成時(shí),表示去了某地,說話時(shí)人不在這里;D. had been to過去完成時(shí),表示去了某地,說話時(shí)人已經(jīng)回來了。本題根據(jù)語境可知四班去隆中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響和結(jié)果,所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),排除C、D選項(xiàng);再根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)用have gone to結(jié)構(gòu),排除B選項(xiàng);故答案選A。 8.【2019 ?湖南省益陽市】Susan and her sister ____________some ph
32、otos in the park the day after tomorrow. A. take B. took C. will take 【答案】C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)辨析。句意:蘇珊和她的姐姐后天要在公園里拍一些照片。A. take是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài);B. took是一般過去時(shí)態(tài);C. will take是一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語the day after tomorrow后天可知,用一般將來時(shí)態(tài),故選C。 9.【2019 ?江蘇省南京市】—Wendy, how long have you had the Huawei P30 Pro? —A couple of da
33、ys. I ______ it last week. A.bought B.buy C.will buy D.have bought 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)句意:——溫迪,你買華為P30有多久了?——幾天。我上周買的。last week說明是一般過去時(shí)。故選:A。 10.【2019 ?廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)】— I went to your office at 9:00 yesterday morning, but you were not in. —Sorry, I ________with the manager in the meeting room a
34、t that time. A. am talking B. was talking C. were talking D. have talked 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——我昨天早上9點(diǎn)去了你的辦公室,但是你不在?!獙?duì)不起,我當(dāng)時(shí)正在會(huì)議室和經(jīng)理談話??疾檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)。A. am talking現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài);B. was talking過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài);C. were talking過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài);D. have talked現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)題意,此處表達(dá)的是昨天早上9點(diǎn)對(duì)方去辦公室的時(shí)候“我”正在干的事,表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),其結(jié)構(gòu)為:was
35、/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞,主語是I,be動(dòng)詞用was,talk的現(xiàn)在分詞是talking;結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知B選項(xiàng)符合題意,故答案選B。 11.【2019 ?貴州省畢節(jié)市】—How many letters you to your mother? — 109 in all, since 2016. A. has;written B. have;written C. did;write D. are;writing 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——你已經(jīng)寫給你媽媽多少封信了?——從2016年開始,總共109封。A.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);B.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);C.一般過去時(shí);D.現(xiàn)
36、在進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)since 2016可知,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),排除C和D;且根據(jù)主語you可知,用have done形式,故選B。 12.【2019 ?大慶市】— My car _____ yesterday. Could you please give me a ride tomorrow? — I’m sorry I can’t, I’m ______ Dalian tomorrow morning. A. breaks down; flying at B. has broken down; flying at C. broke down; flying to D. ha
37、d broken down: flying to 【答案】C 【解析】句意:——我的車昨天拋錨了,你明天能載我一程嗎?——對(duì)不起,我不能,我明天早上要坐飛機(jī)飛到大連。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語yesterday判斷,句子的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí),fly to+地點(diǎn),意思是“坐飛機(jī)到某地”,后面的句子是用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來,故答案為C。 13.【2019 ?四川省廣元市】—What did you do the day before yesterday? —I __________ for an English test. A. study B. studied C. studying 【答案】
38、B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)辨析。句意:——你前天做什么了?——我為一次英語測(cè)試_____。A. study 動(dòng)詞原形,表達(dá)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);B. studied 過去式,表達(dá)一般過去時(shí);C. studying是現(xiàn)在分詞,用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)問句中時(shí)間“the day before yesterday”(前天),可知用一般過去時(shí),故選B。 14.【2019 ?四川省廣元市】—How long have you __________ your cap? It looks cool. —About two weeks. A. borrowed B. bought C. had 【答案
39、】C 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法。句意:——你的帽子買了多久了?它看上去很酷?!蠹s兩星期。borrowed 借入,是短暫性動(dòng)詞;bought 買,是短暫性動(dòng)詞;have had 是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中一段時(shí)間的句子。根據(jù)“how long”(多久)提問的是一段時(shí)間,可知選C。 4.【2019 ?湖南省郴州市】—Where is Mr. Green? —He _________the bookshop You have to wait for him. A. was going to B. has gone to C. has been to 【答案】B 【解析
40、】句意:——Mr. Green在哪里?——他去了書店。你必須等他。A. was going to 打算去……,過去將來時(shí);B. has gone to去了,可能在途中,可能已經(jīng)到了;C. has been to去過某地。根據(jù)下文You have to wait for him.可知上文是去了書店。根據(jù)題意,故選B。 7.【2019 ?湖北省黃岡市】—Where is Catherine? I haven't seen her for days. —She Wuhan. She’ll be back next week. A. has gone to B. ha
41、s been to C. have gone to D. have been to 【答案】A 【解析】句意:——?jiǎng)P瑟琳在哪里?我好幾天沒見到她了?!チ宋錆h。她下星期回來。have/has gone to表示“(某人)現(xiàn)在到某地去了”(現(xiàn)在不在這兒了)。have/has been to表示“(某人)曾經(jīng)去過某地”,(人現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了)。根據(jù)She’ll be back next week. 她下星期回來。說明凱瑟琳去了武漢,現(xiàn)在還沒有回來。因此選擇have/has gone to,排除B/D;又因?yàn)橹髡Z是She,為單數(shù),所以助動(dòng)詞用has,故選A。 1.【2019 ?湖北
42、省宜昌市】—It’s reported that 31 of the brave young men in a big forest fire in Sichuan. —I don’t know who they are, but I know who they are for. A. were killing B. were killed C. killed D. had killed 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——據(jù)報(bào)道,31名勇敢的年輕人在四川的一場(chǎng)森林大火中喪生。——我不知道他們是誰,但我知道他們是為了誰??疾閯?dòng)詞語態(tài)辨析。31 of the
43、 brave young men是復(fù)數(shù)人稱,是動(dòng)詞kill的受動(dòng)者,需用“be +過去分詞”被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu);根據(jù)句意結(jié)構(gòu),可知選B。 2.【2019 ?湖南長(zhǎng)沙】— Perfect photos! Good skills! — Thank you. They ______ by my Huawei mobile phone. In fact, I am not skillful at all. A. took B. were taken C. will be taken 【答案】B 【解析】句意:好漂亮的照片!技術(shù)真棒!——謝謝。它們是用我的華為手機(jī)拍攝的。事實(shí)上,我一點(diǎn)也不熟
44、練。A. took一般過去時(shí)的主動(dòng)語態(tài);B. were taken一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài);C. will be taken一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。They代指Perfect photos,與動(dòng)詞take之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系,排除A;這些照片已經(jīng)拍攝完畢,是在過去拍攝的,故用一般過去時(shí)態(tài),答案為B。 3.【2019 ?湖南省岳陽市】It's reported that Notre﹣Dame de Paris(巴黎圣母院)_____in April 2019. A.was burnt B.is burnt C.be burnt 【答案】A 【解析】主語 Notre﹣Dame de P
45、aris和謂語"燒毀"是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,再根據(jù)句意"據(jù)報(bào)道巴黎圣母院于2019年4月被燒毀"可知,要用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),其構(gòu)成為was/ were done,故選:A。 4.【2019 ?四川省眉山市】Paper first about two thousand years ago in China by Cai Lun. A. is; inventing B. is; invented C. has; invented D. was; invented 【答案】D 【解析】句意:在中國(guó)大約兩千年前,紙最開始被蔡倫發(fā)明。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。A.現(xiàn)
46、在進(jìn)行時(shí);B.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài);C.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);D.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語paper與謂語invent之間為被動(dòng)be done,排除A和C;且根據(jù)two thousand years ago可知,用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),故選D。 5.【2019 ?湖北省咸寧市】— The passenger refused to move after taking another one’s seat! —What a shame! He according to the new credit system(誠(chéng)信體系). A. punish B. punished C
47、. will punish D. will be punished 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——乘客坐了另一個(gè)乘客的座位后拒絕調(diào)動(dòng)! ——他的行為太羞恥了!根據(jù)新的信用規(guī)則,他將受到懲罰。A為動(dòng)詞原形;B為過去式;C為一般將來時(shí);D. 為一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。結(jié)合語境可知,主語He和punish之間存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài);再者,乘客坐了另一個(gè)乘客的座位后拒絕調(diào)動(dòng)!該乘客是將要接受懲罰的,因此時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來時(shí),綜合分析可知,本題應(yīng)該用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選D。 6.【2019 ?襄陽市】— I enjoy walking on the clean streets in
48、the morning. — You know they _ by the hard-working cleaners every day. A. clean B. are cleaned C. are cleaning D. will clean 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——我喜歡早上在干凈的街道上散步。——你知道它們每天都被勤奮的清潔工打掃。考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。A. clean打掃,動(dòng)詞原形;B. are cleaned一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài);C. are cleaning現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài);D. will clean一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)You kno
49、w they _ by the hard-working cleaners every day.可知本句為主從復(fù)合句,從句的主語they和謂語動(dòng)詞clean之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài);由every day可知句子時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成為am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,主語是they,be動(dòng)詞用are,clean的過去分詞是cleaned;故答案選B。 模擬題檢測(cè) 1.(北京市西城區(qū)2019模擬試題)Our lives _________ a lot since the Internet was invented. A. changed B
50、. are changing C. will change D. have changed 【答案】D 【解析】 【詳解】句意:自從因特網(wǎng)被發(fā)明出來之后,我們的生活已經(jīng)改變了許多。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。A. changed表一般過去時(shí);B. are changing表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí);C. will change表一般將來時(shí);D. have changed表現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)句子中的時(shí)間狀語since the Internet was invented提示可知,此句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,故答案選D。 2. (2019年汕頭市潮南區(qū)初中學(xué)業(yè)水平模擬)His flight
51、 because there was something wrong with the plane. So he had to take the high-speed train from Shenzhen to Xiamen. A. was canceled B. canceled C. is canceled D. cancels 【答案】A 【解析】句意:他的航班被取消了,因?yàn)轱w機(jī)出了問題。所以他不得不坐高鐵從深圳去往廈門。 A. was canceled被取消,一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài);B. canceled取消,一般過去時(shí);C. is canceled被取消,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被
52、動(dòng)語態(tài);D. cancels取消,第三人稱單數(shù)形式。主語為His flight與動(dòng)詞cancel之間為被動(dòng)的關(guān)系,再由was something wrong確定為一般過去時(shí),故選A。 3.(山東青島北區(qū)一中2019一模)---How long has he _________ the village school? ---Since he graduate from the university. A. gone to B. been to C. taught in D. arrived in 【答案】C 【解析】句意:-他鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校教書多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了?-自從他大學(xué)畢業(yè)以來。選項(xiàng)A:
53、已經(jīng)去了……,選項(xiàng)B: 曾經(jīng)去過……,選項(xiàng)C:在…教 ,選項(xiàng)D:到達(dá)。此句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),結(jié)合句意動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 ,只有選項(xiàng)C是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,故選:C。 4. (河北武邑中學(xué)2019-2020九年級(jí)上學(xué)期期中)—Not only his parents but also his sister _____ to the Palace Museum. —They haven’t been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone. 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——不但他的父母而且他
54、的姐姐去了故宮?!麄儧]有回來。Have / has been to表“去過……”,已經(jīng)回來;have/has gone to表“去了……”,還沒有回到說話現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。根據(jù)答句“他們沒回來”可知應(yīng)用have/ has gone to;并且not only……but also……連接主語要遵循就近原則,故該句由my sister決定謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù),故選D。 5. (河北武邑中學(xué)2019-2020九年級(jí)上學(xué)期期中)Mike wants to know if you__________ a picnic tomorrow. ?? — Yes. But if it__________, we’ll g
55、o to the museum instead. A. will have; will rain B. have; will rain C. will have; rains D. have; is rainy 【答案】C 【解析】句意:——邁克想知道你明天是否去野餐?!堑?。如果天下雨,我們將去博物館。第一句是if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,根據(jù)句意的需要選擇賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài),句中有tomorrow,故用一般將來時(shí);答句為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則,故選C。 6. (長(zhǎng)春外國(guó)語學(xué)校2019-2020學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中) May to the party. She enjoy
56、ed herself with us.? A. invites B. is invited C. was invited D. has invited 【答案】C 【解析】句意:May被邀請(qǐng)參加派對(duì)。她和我們玩得很開心。根據(jù)句意句子應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài),被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“be+過去分詞”,第二個(gè)句子為過去時(shí),故設(shè)空處的句子也應(yīng)為一般過去時(shí),一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)為“was/ were+過去分詞”,主語May為第三人稱單數(shù),故選C。 7. (北京101中學(xué)2019-2020學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中) Our team __________ every match sinc
57、e April, but we still have three more games to play. A. has won B. will won C. win D. won 【答案】A 【解析】句意:從四月份以來,我們隊(duì)每場(chǎng)比賽都會(huì)贏,但是我們還有三場(chǎng)比賽要打。該句的時(shí)間狀語since April表“從四月份以來”可知句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故選A。 8.(2019年江蘇省連云港市贛榆實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)中考英語模擬試題)- Excuse me. Who came in just now? - Sorry, I don't know. I ____
58、______ my e-mail from my friend. A. am reading B. was reading C. will read D. have read 【答案】B 【解析】句意:----對(duì)不起。剛才誰進(jìn)來的?----對(duì)不起,我不知道。我正在看我朋友的電子郵件??疾榫渥訒r(shí)態(tài)。A. am reading現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí);B. was reading過去進(jìn)行時(shí);C. will read一般將來時(shí);D. have read現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)上文句意(對(duì)不起。剛才誰進(jìn)來的?----對(duì)不起,我不知道。)可知那個(gè)人進(jìn)來時(shí)“我正在看我朋友的電子郵件?!备鶕?jù)句意可知此句時(shí)態(tài)是過去進(jìn)行時(shí);故
59、選B。 9. (北京市西城區(qū)九年級(jí)模擬測(cè)試.-Sam, let's do the cleaning together. -Just a minute. I _________ my homework, almost finished. A. did B. am doing C. will do D. have done 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——山姆,讓我們一起打掃衛(wèi)生吧?!?qǐng)等一下。我正在做作業(yè),就快寫完了??疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。A. did表一般過去時(shí);B. am doing表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí);C. will do表一般將來時(shí);D. have done表現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)句子中的almos
60、t finished提示可知,山姆的作業(yè)就快做完了,但還沒有做完,動(dòng)作還在進(jìn)行中,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),故答案選B。 10. (2019北京市西城區(qū)九年級(jí)模擬測(cè)試)John, you _________ weight if you do exercise every day. A. lose B. lost C. will lose D. have lost 【答案】C 【解析】句意:約翰,如果你每天都運(yùn)動(dòng)的話你就能減肥了??疾閕f引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。A. lose動(dòng)詞原形;B. lost表一般過去時(shí);C. will lose表一般將來時(shí);D. have lost表現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)條件狀語從
61、句的“主將從現(xiàn)”原則,主句應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí),故答案選C。 11.(人大附中2019年初三年級(jí)下學(xué)期質(zhì)檢題)29.When the power of love ______ the love of power, the world will be likely in peace. A. overcomes B. will overcome C. is overcoming D. overcame 【答案】A 【解析】句意:當(dāng)愛的力量戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)權(quán)力的愛時(shí),世界就有可能和平。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主句用一般將來時(shí)。故選A。 12. (廣東省江門市2019-2020學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期
62、期中調(diào)研).—Jim, long time no see! Where have you ? —I Beijing with my parents. A. been; have gone to B. been, have been to C. gone; went D. gone; have gone to 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——吉姆,好久不見!你去哪里了?——我和父母去北京了??疾閎e動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法。注意與動(dòng)詞go 的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法的區(qū)別。have been (to)表示“去過”某地,人已回來。而have gone to表示“去”某地了,人還沒有
63、回來。因?yàn)檎務(wù)摃r(shí)當(dāng)事人已從北京回來,故選B。 13.(珠海市北大附屬實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校初中部2020屆九年級(jí)上學(xué)期10月調(diào)研英語9.—Where is Tom? —He ______ the USA. He ______ back in two months. A. has gone to; comes B. has bee to; will be C. has been to; comes D. has gone to; will be 【答案】D 【解析】句意:----湯姆在哪?---他去了美國(guó),他將在兩個(gè)月之后回來。Have been in強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去曾去過”之意,表示經(jīng)驗(yàn);have b
64、een to的意思是“過去到過而現(xiàn)在已返回”,它強(qiáng)調(diào)“最近的經(jīng)歷”;have gone to表示“動(dòng)作的完成”,強(qiáng)調(diào)人已離開說話的地方。In +一段時(shí)間,用于將來時(shí)。根據(jù)句意,故選D。 14. (北京市上地實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校2019-2020學(xué)年九年級(jí)上學(xué)期第二次統(tǒng)練)Many green parks in our city last year. A. build B. built C. were built D. are built 【答案】C 【解析】句意:我們這個(gè)城市去年建造了很多綠色的花園。此題考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式。根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)選C。 15. (山東濱州部分學(xué)校
65、2019-2020學(xué)年九年級(jí)上學(xué)期第一次月考).Premier Zhou Enlai______ for many years, he still lives in the hearts of Chinese people. A. died B. was dead C. has been died D. has been dead 【答案】D 【解析】句意:周恩來總理已經(jīng)去世很多年,他仍然活在中國(guó)人的心里。died去世,過去式;was dead是死的,dead無生命的;死的,構(gòu)成主系表結(jié)構(gòu);has been died其中die表示死的動(dòng)作,不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);has been dead現(xiàn)在
66、完成時(shí)。時(shí)間狀語for many years常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),表示從過去某時(shí)開始,一直延續(xù)至今。謂語動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,而died非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;dead形容詞,表示“無生命的”,has been dead表示處于死亡的狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選D。 16. (河南省南陽市內(nèi)鄉(xiāng)縣2019屆九年級(jí)中招一??荚囉⒄Z試題)---Last night I said hello to you in the street, but you didn’t answer me. ---I ________ out with my parents. Maybe it was too crowded to see you. A. am hanging B. was hanging C. will hang D. have hung 【答案】B 【解析】句意“-昨天晚上在街道上我和你打招呼,但是你沒有回答我。-我正在和我的父母閑逛,可能太擁擠了以至于我沒有看到你”。A.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí);B.過去進(jìn)行時(shí);C.一般將來時(shí);D.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)句意可知,表示“你和我打招呼時(shí)我正在和我的父母逛街”,且根據(jù)last ni
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