便攜式動(dòng)物手術(shù)床的設(shè)計(jì)-小型動(dòng)物操作手術(shù)臺(tái)【三維SW模型】【含11張CAD圖紙+PDF圖】

喜歡就充值下載吧。。資源目錄里展示的文件全都有，，請(qǐng)放心下載，，有疑問(wèn)咨詢(xún)QQ:414951605或者1304139763 ======================== 喜歡就充值下載吧。。資源目錄里展示的文件全都有，，請(qǐng)放心下載，，有疑問(wèn)咨詢(xún)QQ:414951605或者1304139763 ======================== The worlds Latest Mechanical Design Conceptssource：China Science and Technology JournalAbstract:According to scholars at home and abroad to carry out mechanicaldesign product design features of the main ideas, product design method of theprogramsummarizedassystematic,modularstructure,basedonproductcharacteristics of knowledge and wisdom. The characteristics of these methods andtheir organic connection between them and put forward to achieve the computerproduct design direction.Key words: Mechanical Product Design MethodDevelopment Trends Design documents will be Semantic Web as a design tool inthe design of its Semantic Web activity of the development of ASK, using nodes andlines to describe the design a network, nodes that components of the cell (such asdesign tasks, functions, components or processing equipment, etc. ), used to adjust thelines and definitions between nodes of different semantic relations, thus the designprocess all the activities and results of pre-built models so that the definition of theearly design requirements to the specific description of each structure can be definedby the relationship between the expression, achieved a computer-aided design process,the leap from the abstract to the concrete.Asystematic design methodThe main features of a systematic design method are: the design as designed by anumber of elements of a system, the independence of each design elements, eachelement of an organic link between the existence of, and is layered, with all the designelements , you can design systems to achieve the required task.Systematic design idea in the 70s by the German scholar Professor Pahl andBeitz, the system based on the theory they developed a general pattern of the design,advocacy design work should have organized. German Engineers Association, on thebasis of this design concept to develop a standard VDI2221 technology systems andproduct development design methods.1.The user needs functional characteristics as a product concept, structuredesign and part design, process planning, job control, etc. based on the macro fromthe product development process of starting the use of quality function deploymentmethod and system to user demand information reasonably and efficiently convertedto the various stages of product development, technical goals and operational controlprocedures method.2.The level of the product life of the organism as a system, and means ofliving systems theory, the product design process can be divided into successfulhierarchy of needs to achieve the functional requirements of the conceptual level andproduct level of the specific design. At the same time life-support systems used toexpress the abstract icons of the product functional requirements, system structureformation of product features.3.The mechanical design of the application of systems science into two basicquestions: First, to be designed as a system dealing with the products, the best way todetermine its component parts (modules) and their mutual relations1; is the productdesign process as a system, according to design objectives, a correct and reasonablydetermine the various aspects of the design work and various design stage.Because each designers point of research questions and to consider the questionof emphasis, to design a specific research methods used is also different. Here aresome representative of the systematic design methods.4.Design Element MethodWith the five design elements (functions, effects, effects vector, shape, elements,and surface parameters) describe the product solutions that a product to determinethe value of the five design elements, the product of all the features and characteristicsof the value of i.e. determined. Scholars in China have adopted similar methodsdesigned to describe the products original understanding.5.Graphic modeling methodAnd developed a design analysis and guidance systems KALEIT, with thelevel of clear graphic description of a products functional structure and its associatedabstract information, to the system structure and function relationship of graphicalmodeling, and functional connection between the layers 2.Assistance will be designed to be divided into two aspects of methodology andexchange of information using the Nijssen Information Analysis Method can be usedgraphic symbols, with a rich semantic model structure, can be described as integrationconditions, can be divided into types of constraints can be achieved in relationsbetween any combination of characteristics , the design method to solve integrationand information technology to realize the design process of information betweendifferent abstraction layers between the graphical modeling.6.Concept - Design methodProducts design is divided into concept and design in two stages. Conceptphase of the task is to find, choose and mix to meet the requirements of the originalunderstanding of design tasks. Design stage of work is a concrete realization of theoriginal understanding of the conceptual stage.Of the programs idea of specific described as: In accordance with theappropriate functional structure, seeking to meet the design requirements of theoriginal understanding of the task. The functional structure of the sub-function isperformed by the structural elements to achieve, and structural elements of thephysical connection between the definition of a feature vector, feature vector andstructural elements further the interaction between the formation of the functionaldiagram ( mechanical diagram). The program design is based on functional diagram,the first qualitative description of all of the feature vector and structural elements,and then quantitatively describe all the structural elements and the connection parts( feature vectors), the shape and location to be structure diagram3. Roper, H. usinggraph theory, by means of which he defines as the total design unit (GE), structuralelements (KE), functional structural elements (FKE), connect structural elements(VKE), Structural Parts (KT), structure element part (KET) concepts, as well asdescribe the structure element size, location, and transmission parameters of theinteractions between a number of kinds of schematics, the intuitive designprofessionals have done a formal design method a description of the formation of aneffective application of existing knowledge, methods, and applied to ideas anddesign stage.7.Bond Graph MethodFunction of the composition of system components will be divided into produceenergy, consumed energy, changing energy forms, such as various types of energytransfer, and to use bond graphs to express the function component solution, hoping tofunction-based model and bond graph combine to achieve functional structure theautomatic generation and functional structure with the bond graph automaticconversion between the search for bond graph generated by a number of designmethods.To promote the product on the basis of functional analysis, the product has somefeatures broken down into one or several modular basic structure, by selection andcombination of the basic structure of these modular form into different products.These basic structures can be parts, components, or even a system.The structure should have a standardized interface (connection and co-operationdepartment),andisserialized,universal,integrated,hierarchical,agile,economic-oriented, with interchangeability, compatibility and relevance. Chinascombination of software component technology and CAD technology, variant designcombined with the modular design, according to modular principle of classification,will be divided into descending Machining Center Machine Tool product level,component level, component level and component level, and use expert knowledgeand CAD technology to combine them into different species, different specificationsof functional blocks, and then by the combination of these functions into differentmodules of the overall program processing center.To design a directory as an alternative variation of the mechanical structure ofthe tool, the solution proposed by the design elements of a complete, structured layout,the formation of the solution set design catalogs. And in the solution set designed tocomment on each one listed in the directory solution additional information, is verybeneficial to design engineers select solution elements.The vigorous development of network technology, collaborative design andmanufacturing, as well as the product from the users functional requirements design processing assembly finished product of this realization of concurrentengineering possible. However, an important prerequisite to achieve these goals oneof the conditions is to realize the effect of product design three-dimensionalvisualization. To this end, three-dimensional graphics software, more and moreintelligent design software programs used in the product design, virtual realitytechnology and multimedia, hypermedia tools for product design is also its first debut.At present, Germany and other developed countries are focused on researchhypermedia technology, product data exchange standard STEP, as well as standardvirtual reality modeling language based on a standard exchange format for virtualenvironments) in the product design applications.Mechanical product design is moving in computer-aided realization of intelligentdesign and to meet the needs of distributed collaborative design and manufacture ofdirection, due to the computer product design Study on the implementation startedlate, not yet mature, to achieve the above objectives program design tools4. Authorbelieves that the integrated use of paper, four types of design method is an effectiveway to achieve this goal. Although the integrated use of these methods are moreinvolved in the field, not only with the mechanical design of the field-relatedknowledge, but also to the systems engineering theory, artificial intelligence theory,computer hardware and software engineering, network technology areas such asdomain knowledge, it is still product design must be working for. Abroad in researchin this area has achieved initial success, our scholars have been aware of CAD designtechnology and the importance of international exchange and cooperation, and itsmeasures to be taken.Feature-based design methodology of knowledge The main features are: using acomputer can identify the language to describe the characteristics of the product andits design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to establish the appropriateknowledge base and inference engine, re-use of stored domain knowledge and theestablishment of the inference mechanism to bring computer-aided product design.The mechanical system design is mainly based on the characteristics of a product,and design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to push volume anddecision-making, the completion of body type, the number of synthesis. To achievethis stage of computer-aided design, must study the automatic acquisition ofknowledge, expression, integration, coordination, management and use. To this end,the design and scholars at home and abroad program for the mechanical systemdesign knowledge of the automated processing done a lot of research work, theapproach can be summarized into the following several. 塔里木大學(xué) 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）任務(wù)書(shū) 學(xué)院 機(jī)電學(xué)院 班級(jí) 機(jī)械12-1班 學(xué)生姓名 李燕 學(xué)號(hào) 3102207219 課題名稱(chēng) 便攜式動(dòng)物手術(shù)床的設(shè)計(jì) 起止時(shí)間 年 月 日—— 年 月 日（共14 周） 指導(dǎo)教師 孟煒 職稱(chēng) 講師 課題內(nèi)容 設(shè)計(jì)一種手術(shù)床。具體要求如下： 1、 能夠沿兩個(gè)方向（縱向和橫向）進(jìn)行折疊； 2、 體積和重量盡量小，便于攜帶； 3、 展開(kāi)放置時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定； 4、 要求完成CAD圖紙和三維圖。 擬定工作進(jìn)度（以周為單位） 第1周-第2周 確定總體設(shè)計(jì)方案，畫(huà)出手術(shù)床機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖； 第3周-第8周 畫(huà)手術(shù)床詳細(xì)結(jié)構(gòu)圖，畫(huà)出手術(shù)床總體構(gòu)架的裝配圖和零件圖； 第9周-第10周 利用Solidworks軟件繪制三維圖，完成三維裝配圖； 第11周-第14周 撰寫(xiě)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)，整理材料，準(zhǔn)備答辯。 主要參考文獻(xiàn) 1. 天津大學(xué)機(jī)械工程學(xué)院.便攜式手術(shù)臺(tái)關(guān)鍵技術(shù). 2008. 2. 胡名璽,高萬(wàn)玉,張彥軍.杜振杰.輕便型野戰(zhàn)手術(shù)床結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)研究.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)與制造.2009.(9). 3. 杜振杰,胡名璽,孫秋明.便攜式手術(shù)床床體輕量化設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)研究.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì).2007.24(8). 4. 姜祖高,周逸鈞,蔣亞達(dá),馬春曦,劉春華,張承斌,余維濤,魏教華,文新建.便攜式組合野戰(zhàn)手術(shù)床的研制.醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生裝備.2005.26(4). 5. 李笑雷.關(guān)于手術(shù)床床體強(qiáng)度的探討.中國(guó)傷殘醫(yī)學(xué).2011.19(5). 任務(wù)下達(dá)人（簽字） 年 月 日 任務(wù)接受人意見(jiàn) 任務(wù)接受人簽名 年 月 日 注：1、此任務(wù)書(shū)由指導(dǎo)教師填寫(xiě)，任務(wù)下達(dá)人為指導(dǎo)教師。 2、此任務(wù)書(shū)須在學(xué)生畢業(yè)實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié)開(kāi)始前一周下達(dá)給學(xué)生本人。 3、此任務(wù)書(shū)一式三份，一份留學(xué)院存檔，一份學(xué)生本人留存，一份指導(dǎo)教師留存。 便攜式動(dòng)物手術(shù)床的設(shè)計(jì) 設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū) 學(xué)生姓名 學(xué) 號(hào) 所屬學(xué)院 機(jī)械電氣化工程學(xué)院 專(zhuān) 業(yè) 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 班 級(jí) 指導(dǎo)教師 日 期 2012.05 xx大學(xué)教務(wù)處制 目 錄 前 言 1 1便攜式動(dòng)物手術(shù)臺(tái)方案設(shè)計(jì) 1 1.1手術(shù)床尺寸參數(shù)的確定 1 1.2手術(shù)臺(tái)調(diào)節(jié)范圍 1 1.3手術(shù)臺(tái)承載能力 1 1.4手術(shù)臺(tái)整體重量 1 2便攜式動(dòng)物手術(shù)臺(tái)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 2 2.1推拉式結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) 2 2.1.1大直徑手扶管件的設(shè)計(jì) 2 2.1.2小直徑手扶管件的設(shè)計(jì) 2 2.1.3定位球體的設(shè)計(jì) 2 2.1.4鎖緊螺帽的設(shè)計(jì) 2 2.1.5推拉式結(jié)構(gòu)的連接 3 2.2折疊機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) 3 2.2.1折疊零件1的設(shè)計(jì) 3 2.2.2折疊零件2的設(shè)計(jì) 3 2.2.3床腿升降零件的設(shè)計(jì) 3 2.2.4床腿零件間的連接 4 2.3中間橫管的支撐設(shè)計(jì) 4 2.4繃帶在手扶管件上的鎖緊零件設(shè)計(jì) 4 2.5羊蹄的捆綁機(jī)構(gòu) 4 3.便攜式動(dòng)物手術(shù)臺(tái)零件的力學(xué)分析 4 3.1大直徑手扶管件 4 3.2小直徑手扶管件 5 3.3床腿方管 5 3.4鍵連接的設(shè)計(jì) 5 4.各零件材料的選用 6 結(jié) 論 7 致 謝 8 參考文獻(xiàn) 前 言 現(xiàn)在對(duì)于便攜式手術(shù)床的應(yīng)用主要局限于人體手術(shù)中以及家養(yǎng)寵物的小型動(dòng)物手術(shù)中，并沒(méi)有大規(guī)模應(yīng)用于家養(yǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)型動(dòng)物的手術(shù)中（如豬、羊、牛等）。 便攜式動(dòng)物手術(shù)床的設(shè)計(jì)研究主要為家養(yǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)型動(dòng)物的手術(shù)提供方便，為動(dòng)物養(yǎng)殖戶(hù)提供更為便利的救治服務(wù)。與傳統(tǒng)動(dòng)物手術(shù)床相比，研究設(shè)計(jì)便攜式動(dòng)物手術(shù)床的目的主要是（1）便于手術(shù)人員進(jìn)行家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物的治療手術(shù)；（2）提高家養(yǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)型動(dòng)物的手術(shù)成功率。有些家養(yǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)型動(dòng)物在進(jìn)行手術(shù)時(shí)，只是在地上進(jìn)行，并沒(méi)有舒適、無(wú)菌、專(zhuān)業(yè)的手術(shù)床，造成動(dòng)物手術(shù)后容易感染，或在動(dòng)物手術(shù)時(shí)受到動(dòng)物的抵抗造成手術(shù)事故，使手術(shù)成功率降低。（3）方便快捷的在不同場(chǎng)地進(jìn)行手術(shù)。即，便攜式手術(shù)床可以使手術(shù)人員在野外進(jìn)行手術(shù)，方便快捷的手術(shù)床更便捷于生病動(dòng)物的搬運(yùn)。（4）降低手術(shù)成本，縮短手術(shù)準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間。減少其他病菌的交叉感染。 現(xiàn)在國(guó)外對(duì)于便攜式手術(shù)床的研究主要是多功能化，其重量都在100kg以上，對(duì)于搬運(yùn)攜帶并不是很方便。此便攜式動(dòng)物手術(shù)床主要從可折疊的角度進(jìn)行較輕化的設(shè)計(jì)，從而更便捷于搬運(yùn)攜帶工作。 塔里木大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 1便攜式動(dòng)物手術(shù)臺(tái)方案設(shè)計(jì) 1.1手術(shù)床尺寸參數(shù)的確定 根據(jù)羊體尺寸及人機(jī)工程學(xué)確定羊體手術(shù)床的基本尺寸為床長(zhǎng)L=1300mm左右；床寬B=650mm左右；床高H=850mm左右。此折疊式動(dòng)物手術(shù)床的具體尺寸為床長(zhǎng)L=1260mm；床寬B=635mm；床高H=887mm。展開(kāi)放置時(shí)的三維外形如圖1-1所示。 圖1-1 手術(shù)床展開(kāi)放置時(shí)的三維外形圖 手術(shù)床折疊后的尺寸控制在長(zhǎng)l=750mm；寬b=450mm；高h(yuǎn)=400mm。手術(shù)床展開(kāi)折疊放置時(shí)的外形如圖1-2所示。 圖1-2 手術(shù)床折疊后的三維外形圖 1.2手術(shù)臺(tái)調(diào)節(jié)范圍 手術(shù)床可傾斜，其傾斜角度由一只可升高的和一只可降低的床腿調(diào)節(jié)。可升高的床腿與手扶管件采用緊配合，隨管轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，與地面的接觸采用線接觸的方式，在床面傾斜時(shí)，線接觸是隨腿轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的；可降低的床腿與手扶管件的配合采用松的間隙配合，使床面繞腿轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，此可降低的床腿始終是與地面垂直的。當(dāng)床面傾斜到規(guī)定位置時(shí)，用鎖緊螺栓鎖緊為中間管件起支撐作用的可相對(duì)滑動(dòng)的兩管的相對(duì)位置，從而鎖緊床面與床腿的相對(duì)位置。床腿的升降調(diào)節(jié)采用螺紋調(diào)節(jié)。床腿的可調(diào)節(jié)高度為360mm。則床面的傾斜角度為。 1.3手術(shù)臺(tái)承載能力 根據(jù)成年羊平均體重，給手術(shù)床設(shè)定的承載能力為1200N。平均到四根桿上，每根桿的承載能力為300N。 1.4手術(shù)臺(tái)整體重量 用solidworks軟件測(cè)得大直徑手扶管件的質(zhì)量為1285.9g；小直徑手扶管件的質(zhì)量為581.23g；調(diào)節(jié)床腿零件的質(zhì)量為254.91g,床體整體質(zhì)量為9385.87g。 2便攜式動(dòng)物手術(shù)臺(tái)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 手術(shù)床水平方向橫向和縱向的折疊主要采用推拉式結(jié)構(gòu)，豎直方向采用可折疊的床腿進(jìn)行折疊。床面采用柔性無(wú)彈性的繃帶。 2.1推拉式結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) 采用不同直徑的管件進(jìn)行推拉。將繃帶固定于不同直徑的管件上。 2.1.1大直徑手扶管件的設(shè)計(jì) 選用外徑為46mm，厚度為6mm，長(zhǎng)度為1000mm的空心圓管，用折彎?rùn)C(jī)折成圓角半徑為100mm，長(zhǎng)度分別為650mm和350mm的垂直管件；在車(chē)床上車(chē)出纏繞繃帶的深度為4mm的槽；在銑床上銑出小直徑手扶管件上繃帶滑動(dòng)的寬度為6mm的槽及床面床腿連接件繞管轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的寬度為4mm的1/4槽；在鉆床上鉆出繃帶的定位孔及定位球體的定位孔。在最后裝配時(shí)采用自動(dòng)焊接設(shè)備焊接為小直徑手扶管件定位的短管，其尺寸外徑為46mm，內(nèi)徑為26mm，長(zhǎng)度為20mm。在焊接時(shí)保證兩短管與大直徑手扶管的同軸度為0.2mm。三維外形如圖2-1所示。 圖2-1 大直徑手扶管件的三維外形圖 2.1.2小直徑手扶管件的設(shè)計(jì) 選用外徑為26mm，厚度為5mm，長(zhǎng)度為975mm的空心圓管，用折彎?rùn)C(jī)折成圓角半徑為100mm，長(zhǎng)度分別為650mm和325mm的垂直管件；在車(chē)床上車(chē)出纏繞繃帶的深度為3mm的槽；在銑床上銑出定位球體滑動(dòng)的寬度為6mm槽；在鉆床上鉆出繃帶的定位孔、定位球體的定位孔及定位球體進(jìn)入小直徑管內(nèi)的孔；用自動(dòng)焊接設(shè)備在長(zhǎng)度為325mm的一端焊接軸徑為34mm同軸心的實(shí)心短圓柱，其長(zhǎng)度為20mm，；在長(zhǎng)度為650mm的一端焊接偏心距為2mm，與小直徑手扶管外側(cè)相切的實(shí)心短圓柱,其軸徑為30mm，長(zhǎng)度為20mm，以便于大直徑手扶管對(duì)其支撐。此焊接發(fā)生在與大直徑手扶管件裝配時(shí)。焊接偏心短圓柱其主要用意是小直徑手扶管及其繃帶與卡體在大直徑手扶管內(nèi)的的徑向上兩邊都有4mm的空隙，一是為大直徑繃帶卡體內(nèi)的短圓柱留余量，便于小直徑管在大直徑管內(nèi)移動(dòng)；二是為小直徑管添加支撐，使小直徑管在大直徑管內(nèi)有一個(gè)短圓柱支撐和一個(gè)線支撐。其三維外形如圖2-2所示。 圖2-2 小直徑手扶管件的三維外形圖 2.1.3定位球體的設(shè)計(jì) 定位球體的作用主要是定位大直徑手扶管件與小直徑手扶管件的相對(duì)位置。球體裝入小直徑手扶管件內(nèi)，細(xì)長(zhǎng)螺桿通過(guò)6mm的槽露于外面，定位球體可在大小手扶管件6mm槽內(nèi)移動(dòng)。確定位置后，球體卡在小直徑手扶管件的內(nèi)壁。其細(xì)小圓柱卡在小直徑手扶管件8mm的孔內(nèi)。其三維外形如圖1-5所示。 圖2-3 定位球體的三維外形圖 2.1.4鎖緊螺帽的設(shè)計(jì) 鎖緊螺帽的作用主要是使定位球體上的過(guò)渡短圓柱卡在小直徑手扶管的定位孔內(nèi)，球與小直徑手扶管的內(nèi)壁相切，從而對(duì)小直徑手扶管件進(jìn)行定位；軸徑為8mm的一端擰入大直徑手扶管的定位孔內(nèi)，對(duì)大直徑手扶管件進(jìn)行定位。從而固定大小直徑手扶管件的相對(duì)位置。其三維外形如圖2-4所示。 圖2-4 鎖緊螺帽的三維外形圖 2.1.5推拉式結(jié)構(gòu)的連接 采用小直徑手扶管件與大直徑手扶管件交替的方式進(jìn)行裝配，其之間用定位球體固定。這樣即便于折疊也利于力的合理分配。其三維外形圖如圖2-5所示。 圖2-5 推拉式結(jié)構(gòu)的三維設(shè)計(jì)圖 2.2折疊機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) 折疊機(jī)構(gòu)的主要設(shè)想是一個(gè)零件可繞另一個(gè)零件轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)90°，此折疊機(jī)構(gòu)零件2可繞零件1轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)180°。用M10螺栓進(jìn)行連接，B型平鍵進(jìn)行定位。 2.2.1折疊零件1的設(shè)計(jì) 折疊零件1采用鑄造方式，然后在銑床上用盤(pán)銑刀銑出鍵槽，三維外形如圖2-6所示。折疊零件1與鍵的配合采用緊配合。 圖2-6 折疊零件1的三維外形圖 2.2.2折疊零件2的設(shè)計(jì) 折疊零件2采用鑄造方式，然后在銑床上用盤(pán)銑刀銑出鍵槽，三維外形如圖2-7所示。折疊零件2與鍵的配合采用松配合。 圖2-7 折疊零件2的三維外形圖 2.2.3床腿升降零件的設(shè)計(jì) 對(duì)床腿升降零件的要求是在旋轉(zhuǎn)的過(guò)程中，床面與床腿接觸的地方和腿腳與地面接觸的地方不能旋轉(zhuǎn)。所以采用如圖2-8所示的升降零件結(jié)構(gòu)?？變?nèi)插入手柄。 圖2-8 升降零件結(jié)構(gòu)圖 2.2.4床腿零件間的連接 圖2-9 床腿零件連接圖 2.3中間橫管的支撐設(shè)計(jì) 中間橫管的支撐設(shè)計(jì)主要是支撐中間橫管，進(jìn)而對(duì)手術(shù)床的中間兩側(cè)添加支撐。中間橫管的設(shè)計(jì)原理與手扶管橫向方向的設(shè)計(jì)原理相同，中間橫管對(duì)手扶管件的支撐采用一端固定，一端移動(dòng)，這樣更便于折疊。所以對(duì)于中間橫管的支撐也是采用一端固定，一端可伸縮。其固定端與活動(dòng)端支撐的三維外形圖如圖2-10所示。活動(dòng)端與中間橫管配合的部分切除長(zhǎng)70mm的1/2圓柱，使在旋轉(zhuǎn)的過(guò)程中不與固定端相干涉。 圖2-10中間橫管的支撐 2.4繃帶在手扶管件上的鎖緊零件設(shè)計(jì) 繃帶在手扶管件上的鎖緊選用繃帶卡體，三維外形如圖2-11所示。這是一種有彈性易變性的塑料，在安裝時(shí)，先將繃帶纏在手扶管件上，只纏繞3/4圈，然后拉大繃帶卡體上的槽，將卡體卡在已經(jīng)纏繞繃帶的手扶管上，小圓柱卡在繃帶和手扶管的孔內(nèi)，用緊定螺釘進(jìn)行鎖緊。 圖2-11繃帶卡體零件三維外形圖 2.5羊蹄的捆綁機(jī)構(gòu) 由于是對(duì)動(dòng)物進(jìn)行手術(shù)，所以對(duì)于動(dòng)物蹄子的捆綁必不可少，羊蹄的捆綁機(jī)構(gòu)主要固定在手扶管上，主要由兩個(gè)零件組成，兩零件間用螺栓連接，用螺母鎖緊。捆綁機(jī)構(gòu)可隨動(dòng)物蹄子的 大小不同，可任意調(diào)節(jié)。其裝配如圖2-12所示。 圖2-12羊蹄捆綁機(jī)構(gòu)三維外形圖 3.便攜式動(dòng)物手術(shù)臺(tái)零件的力學(xué)分析 3.1大直徑手扶管件 在solidworks中演示出大直徑手扶管件的變形如圖1-2所示。支撐在兩端較小的面上，由于一端撲捉不到外支撐面，故用里側(cè)內(nèi)一小支撐面代替，受力方向與水平面夾角為45°，受力為300N，測(cè)得最低安全系數(shù)為1.5346?？紤]到是在變應(yīng)力下，以疲勞極限作為極限應(yīng)力，受力部分存在焊接，支撐面比實(shí)際支撐面小，故綜合分析，1.5346處于合理安全系數(shù)1.3~1.7之間。 圖3-1 大直徑手扶管件的受力變形圖 3.2小直徑手扶管件 在solidworks中演示出小直徑手扶管件的變形如圖1-4所示。支撐在兩端較小的面上，受力方向與水平面夾角為45°，受力為300N，測(cè)得最低安全系數(shù)為1.41913?？紤]到是在變應(yīng)力下，以疲勞極限作為極限應(yīng)力，受力部分存在焊接，支撐面比實(shí)際支撐面大，故綜合分析，1.41913處于合理安全系數(shù)1.3~1.7之間。 圖3-2 小直徑手扶管件的受力變形圖 3.3床腿方管 在solidworks中演示出床腿方管車(chē)槽處的變形如圖3-3所示。支撐在底面靠近槽孔處，受力方向與水平面夾角為45°，受力為600N，測(cè)得最低安全系數(shù)為2.31712。考慮到是在變應(yīng)力下，以疲勞極限作為極限應(yīng)力，受力部分存在焊接，支撐面比實(shí)際支撐面小，故綜合分析，2.31712雖不處于合理安全系數(shù)1.3~1.7之間，但接近于安全系數(shù)的范圍之內(nèi)。 圖3-3 床腿方管車(chē)槽處的受力變形圖 3.4鍵連接的設(shè)計(jì) （1）尺寸確定 根據(jù)床腿折疊機(jī)構(gòu)的鍵連接方式選用B型平頭平鍵； 根據(jù)床腿床面連接件的截面尺寸、長(zhǎng)度以及尺寸系列選用鍵的尺寸為：b×h×L=4×4×14; 查國(guó)標(biāo)值得鍵的尺寸為b=; h=;L= （2）材料選擇 根據(jù)床面床腿連接件與床腿1的連接方式以及轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)力矩選用鍵的材料為45鋼。 （3）鍵的強(qiáng)度校核計(jì)算： 鍵在連接中主要為床面床腿連接件與床腿1定位以及為床面床腿連接件隨床腿1轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)起輔助作用。故此平鍵的主要失效原因?yàn)楣ぷ髅姹粔簼?。因此只需?duì)工作面上的擠壓應(yīng)力進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度校核計(jì)算 由羊體體重及手術(shù)床面重量知F最大不超過(guò)800N; 查機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)P106表6-2知鋼靜連接輕微沖擊時(shí)的許用擠壓應(yīng)力為; 故，此平鍵的連接是合理的。 4.各零件材料的選用 大直徑手扶管件選用成型加工特性良好，耐腐性高，焊接性好，強(qiáng)度適中，質(zhì)量較輕的3003鋁合金管。小直徑手扶管件選用成型加工特性良好，耐腐性性高，焊接性好，強(qiáng)度比3003鋁合金好，質(zhì)量較輕的3003-H34棒材鋁合金管。繃帶卡體均采用1060鋁合金，調(diào)節(jié)床腿零件的材料選用3003-H12鋁合金?？紤]到加工性，焊接性以及力的傳遞，折疊零件1、折疊零件2以及支撐管均選用3003鋁合金?？噹Э蛇x擇有柔性且無(wú)彈性的帆布。定位球體零件選用尼龍棒材料，定位球體螺帽選用塑料。羊蹄的捆綁零件1可選擇橡膠材質(zhì)。對(duì)于捆綁零件2不能選擇比3003鋁合金強(qiáng)度更強(qiáng)的材料，但強(qiáng)度也不能太弱，故可選擇3003鋁合金。 結(jié) 論 通過(guò)本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，我深深體會(huì)到自己在理論知識(shí)方面的欠缺，同時(shí)也感到自己在知識(shí)的運(yùn)用上也不夠靈活，這也說(shuō)明我在學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)的過(guò)程中存在著一些缺點(diǎn)，總結(jié)有以下幾點(diǎn)： 1.在初定方案過(guò)程中，由于自己所見(jiàn)實(shí)物過(guò)少，使方案進(jìn)行了多次修改，耽誤了大量的時(shí)間。尤其在五月中期檢查后對(duì)方案的更改，時(shí)間上顯得特別倉(cāng)促。 2.在推拉式機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)中，由于尺寸設(shè)計(jì)的不夠合理，從而進(jìn)行了多次修改，不過(guò)經(jīng)修改后的尺寸理論上可以實(shí)現(xiàn)其功能。 3.在折疊機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)中，基本尺寸也是經(jīng)過(guò)了多次的修改，最后利用三維實(shí)體軟件進(jìn)行實(shí)體繪制及模擬，由于時(shí)間上的緊迫性，其最終結(jié)果自己認(rèn)為并不是很理想。這也是本次設(shè)計(jì)比較遺憾的地方。 總體來(lái)說(shuō)，在這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中，收獲還是很大的，平時(shí)在學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)的時(shí)候，總是認(rèn)為好多知識(shí)用不到，所以就沒(méi)有更深一步去理解。在此次設(shè)計(jì)中，我感到自己的知識(shí)面很窄，對(duì)知識(shí)掌握得不夠，在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，考慮問(wèn)題太片面，導(dǎo)致方案及零部件進(jìn)行多次修改。期望能夠在以后的學(xué)習(xí)中，避免類(lèi)似情況的發(fā)生。 致 謝 對(duì)于這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的完成，首先感謝母?！髮W(xué)的辛勤培育，感謝學(xué)校給我提供了如此難得的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境和機(jī)會(huì)，使我將以前學(xué)到的知識(shí)又重新回顧了一遍，知道了學(xué)習(xí)的可貴與獲取知識(shí)的辛勤。承蒙指導(dǎo)老師的耐心指導(dǎo)，使我順利地完成了畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。在此，深深地感謝指導(dǎo)老師，給予了我耐心的指導(dǎo)和幫助，體現(xiàn)出了你們對(duì)工作高度負(fù)責(zé)的精神，特別是老師，她利用上班的休息時(shí)間為我指導(dǎo)。在整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程中，她耐心的指導(dǎo)，才使我的設(shè)計(jì)順利完成，同時(shí)也感謝在這幾年中給予我知識(shí)的各位老師。 對(duì)于這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，由于設(shè)計(jì)方案一直在改，時(shí)間倉(cāng)促和自己所學(xué)軟件掌握熟練程度等因素，使這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的沒(méi)有達(dá)到最完美的效果，這不能不說(shuō)是本次設(shè)計(jì)的遺憾之處。不過(guò)，它至少啟發(fā)了我的思維，提高了我的動(dòng)手能力，使我應(yīng)用了以前solid works軟件中沒(méi)有用到的工具，同時(shí)，使我將以前所學(xué)的書(shū)本知識(shí)又重新復(fù)習(xí)了一遍，這為我在今后的工作崗位上發(fā)揮自己的才能奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。 最后，再一次衷心的感謝學(xué)校能夠給予我這次機(jī)會(huì)，使我將所學(xué)理論知識(shí)與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合，以及在這次設(shè)計(jì)中給予我指導(dǎo)的所有老師。你們傳授的知識(shí)使我受用一生，你們的恩情我會(huì)銘記一生。 8 參考文獻(xiàn) [1] 吳宗澤,羅盛國(guó).機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè).3版.北京:高等教育出版社. 2006.5. [2] 濮良貴,紀(jì)名剛.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì).8版.北京:高等教育出版社. 2006.5. [3] 毛謙德,李振清.袖珍機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè).2版.北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2002. [4] 楊克,趙小東.工程材料及機(jī)械制造基礎(chǔ)(Ⅰ).北京:高等教育出版社. 2005. [5] 韓進(jìn)宏.互換性與技術(shù)測(cè)量.北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社. 2004.7. [6] 胡名璽,高萬(wàn)玉,張彥軍,杜振杰. 輕便型野戰(zhàn)手術(shù)床結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)研究. 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)與制造. 2009.09. [7] 杜振杰,胡名璽,孫秋明.便攜式手術(shù)床床體輕量化設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)研究.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì).2007.24(8). [8] 劉永翔.產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)中形態(tài)創(chuàng)造途徑與方法.工程圖學(xué)學(xué)報(bào).2004.3. [9] 孫曉軍,王太勇.便攜式手術(shù)臺(tái)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究.天津大學(xué)機(jī)械工程學(xué)院.2008.