山東省濟(jì)寧市2019年中考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 題型二 閱讀理解課件.ppt

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濟(jì)寧題型二閱讀理解,一、閱讀理解“三步”定位法第一步看題干，快速定位關(guān)鍵詞先看問題，找出題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，猜測文章大意。第二步讀文章，快速定位找原文帶著關(guān)鍵詞快速通讀全文，畫出與題干內(nèi)容相關(guān)的詞匯和句子，并在腦海中形成篇章結(jié)構(gòu)圖。,第三步回看題，連線解讀定答案細(xì)讀題干、選項，針對已畫出的原文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行二次定位，精準(zhǔn)連線，鎖定答案。,二、具體解題技巧1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題該題型多從文章的某個具體事實或細(xì)節(jié)出發(fā)來設(shè)計題目，屬于表層理解題范疇，難度較小，但所占的比例最大，一般占總分值的60%～85%。其命題方式有用what,where,which,why,who,how等疑問詞進(jìn)行提問；用accordingto開頭，后接短文具體內(nèi)容；用動賓結(jié)構(gòu)、介賓結(jié)構(gòu)、系表結(jié)構(gòu)等的設(shè)題方式。,解答該類題目時應(yīng)注意以下幾點：(1)若問題的答案是文中的原句，直接作答即可；(2)若問題的答案涉及的是總結(jié)性的句子，要特別注意對原文中與答案相關(guān)句子的總結(jié)。,【例】IgrewupinNewHampshire,asmalltowninSouthCanada,whereinmyfather’swordsfortheseasonswere“Spring,Summer,FairtimeandWinter！”Atthattime,aweeklongfair(集市)washeldinthetowneveryautumn.Thousandsofpeoplefromothertownscametosellandbuythings.Itwasthebusiesttimeoftheyear.,Q:Thousandsofpeoplecametothetowntoatthefair.A．enjoyGrandma’sfoodB．sellandbuythingsC．learntocookD．haveabigparty,【解析】B由本段第三句話可知，數(shù)千人來到小鎮(zhèn)上是為了在集市上買賣東西，故選B。,2．推理判斷題該題型的命題方式主要有對細(xì)節(jié)的推理判斷、對某個問題或某一部分的觀點、態(tài)度的推理判斷；對作者在整篇文章中的態(tài)度、觀點和寫作意圖的推理判斷。常見的提問方式有：,(1)Thesentence/paragraph/passageinfersthat...(2)Wecanlearnfromthesentence/paragraph/passagethat...(3)Thesentence/paragraph/passageimpliesthat...(4)Bysaying...,theauthormeans...(5)Whatcanweinferfromthe...(6)Attheendofthepassagethewritersuggests...(7)Fromthesecondexamplewecaninferthat...(8)Itcanbeconcluded/inferredfromthepassagethat...,【例】Oneday,alittleboydecidedtodigaholebehindhishouseafterwatchingascienceprogram.Ashewasworking,acoupleofboysstoppedbytowatch.“Whatareyoudoing？”askedoneofthevisitors.“Iwanttodigadeepholeallthewaythroughtheearth！”theboyansweredexcitedly.Theolderboysbegantolaugh,tellinghimthatitwasimpossibletodoit.Thentheyleft.,Q:Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheolderboysthinkthelittleboyis.A．sillyB．strictC．friendlyD．strongminded,【解析】A由本段倒數(shù)第二句可知，那些年紀(jì)大一些的男孩嘲笑小男孩，說他不可能完成那件事，由此可推斷，他們覺得小男孩很愚蠢，故選A。,3．詞義猜測題該題型要求學(xué)生充分理解文章，有時還要結(jié)合英語構(gòu)詞法、語法及相關(guān)知識進(jìn)行合理猜測。,【例】Aserioussandstorm(沙塵暴)hashitBeijing,togetherwithfivetosevendegreestrongwind.AgreatyellowdustcloudenvelopedtheChinesecapitallastSunday.Q:Whatdoes“enveloped”meaninthispassage?A．信封B．遮蓋C．刮走D．灰塵,【解析】B由前文可知，沙塵暴襲擊了北京，再結(jié)合句法知識可知envelop在此是一個動詞，排除A、D；再結(jié)合生活常識可判斷envelop在此處表示“遮蓋”之意，故選B。,4．主旨大意題該題型文章考查考生對文章整體的理解及對主旨大意的概括能力。常見的提問方式有(1)Whatisthemainidea/subject/topicofthepassage？(2)Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith...(3)Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss？(4)Thepassageismainlyabout...(5)Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?,解答該類題目時應(yīng)注意以下幾點：(1)注意文章標(biāo)題、開頭、結(jié)尾、中間的主題句；(2)以原文為依據(jù)，只選最適合原文的，不要摻雜個人意見；(3)注意絕對化的單詞，如all,must等；(4)避免以偏概全的干擾項答案。,【例】Schoolswillgoelectronic.Computerswillbeimportantandpopularamongthestudents.Everythingwillbeinthecomputerandstudentswillnotneedtobringbookstoschool.TheywillfindinformationontheInternet.Acomputerwillbethestudents’library,schoolbagandconnectiontotheoutsideworld.Therewillberobotteachers.Theywillcheckhomeworkoncomputersandcommunicatewiththestudents’parentsthroughemail.,Q:What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A．Schoolswillgoelectronic.B．Computerswillbeimportant.C．Therewillberobotteachers.D．Teacherswillcommunicatewiththestudents’parentsthroughemail.,【解析】A第一句為中心句，后面是對其進(jìn)行的擴(kuò)展和論述，故選A。,5．?dāng)?shù)字計算題要求學(xué)生根據(jù)提供的數(shù)據(jù)以及內(nèi)在關(guān)系進(jìn)行簡單的計算和推斷。,【例】IwonaprizeforoneofmypaintingswhenIwasfourteen.ThatmaybewhyIwenttoartschoolfouryearslater...WhenIleftschool,Igotsomemoney.Ihopetobecomeafulltimepainter.Q:Whenfinishingschoolstudies,thewriterwasabout．A．14B．16C．18D．21,【解析】D作者14歲因繪畫獲獎，18歲進(jìn)入美術(shù)學(xué)校，畢業(yè)時一定在18歲以上，故選D。,