中考英語命題研究 第二部分 語法專題突破篇 專題十 動詞的時態(tài) 第二節(jié) 時態(tài)的應用試題1
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第二節(jié) 時態(tài)的應用 ,河北中考重難點突破 【滿分點撥】 一、時態(tài)的判斷 根據(jù)河北近5年真題分析可以看出,初中階段需掌握六種基本時態(tài)。學生應掌握動詞時態(tài)的判斷技巧來解題,如①根據(jù)時間狀語確定時態(tài);②利用上下文語意判斷句子的時態(tài);③根據(jù)上下文已有的時態(tài)信息確定時態(tài);④在復合句中根據(jù)時態(tài)呼應確定時態(tài);⑤固定句型與動詞時態(tài)間的對應關系;⑥根據(jù)特定動詞與時態(tài)的對應關系;⑦根據(jù)時態(tài)中的“特殊”對策(如客觀真理等)。 【方法突破】 1.根據(jù)時間狀語確定時態(tài)(2015年34題,2015年36題,2014年39題,2013年45題,2012年43題) 根據(jù)時間狀語判斷時態(tài)在河北中考中主要體現(xiàn)在詞語運用和連詞成句題型中。 ①now,at present,at the moment,these days,look,listen等標志著現(xiàn)在進行時; ②just now,…ago,in 1980,this morning,yesterday,the other day,used to,last night/week/month /year…(last系列)等標志著一般過去時; ③at 1:00 last night,at that moment,this time yesterday等標志著過去進行時; ④tomorrow,from now on,soon,in the future,next week/month/year…(next系列)等標志著一般將來時; ⑤yet,just,before,recently,once,already,lately,ever,never,since 1996,for ten years等標志著現(xiàn)在完成時; ⑥除了上面這些時間狀語提示時態(tài)外,某些副詞也有這種作用,如:often,always,usually,never,seldom等表示頻率的副詞應用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時。 【典例剖析】(2015河北34題) ( )Were proud that China ________ stronger and stronger these years. A.will become B.became C.is becoming D.was becoming 【答案】C 【解題技巧】考查現(xiàn)在進行時。句意:我們自豪的是現(xiàn)在中國正變得越來越強大了。時間狀語these days“如今,現(xiàn)在”,是現(xiàn)在進行時的標志。故本題選C。 2.利用上下文語意判斷句子的時態(tài)(2015年31題,2014年37題,2014年42題,2013年36題,2013年43題,2012年38題,2012年40題,2012年41題,2011年38題,2011年42題) 如果一個英語句子中既沒有出現(xiàn)時間狀語,也沒有可供判斷時態(tài)的上下文,那么就應當把這個句子翻譯成中文,利用我們的母語知識來判斷這個句子該用何種時態(tài)。 【典例剖析】(2015河北31題) ( )I ________ the shops.Can I get you anything? A.go to B.went to C.have gone to D.a(chǎn)m going to 【答案】D 【解題技巧】考查一般將來時。句意:我將去商店,我能給你買些東西嗎?根據(jù)Can I get you anything?可知動作沒有發(fā)生,故用一般將來時,go的將來時用現(xiàn)在進行時表示。故選D。 3.根據(jù)上下文已有的時態(tài)信息確定時態(tài)(2015年32題,2014年40題,2013年37題,2012年43題) 有些試題雖然看起來沒有時間狀語提示詞,也不是出現(xiàn)在復合句中,但是上下句的動作存在著明顯的時間順序差距,因此可根據(jù)上下文已有的時態(tài)來判斷本句所要選用的時態(tài)。 【典例剖析】(2015河北32題) ( )Paula is pleased that she ________ her lost watch. A.finds B.found C.has found D.will find 【答案】C 【解題技巧】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意:Paula是高興的,她找到了她丟失的手表。根據(jù)找到丟失的手表,可知動作發(fā)生在過去,又根據(jù)前文is pleased,可知過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成了影響,故用現(xiàn)在完成時。 4.在復合句中根據(jù)時態(tài)呼應確定時態(tài) 主從復合句中謂語動詞時態(tài)的一致主要有以下幾種情況: ①“主將從現(xiàn)”原則。如果主句是一般將來時,從句是由when,after,before,not…until,as soon as等引導的時間狀語從句以及由if,unless引導的條件狀語從句中,謂語動詞應用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時間。(2013年35題) 【典例剖析】(2013河北35題) ( )Henry will give us a report as soon as he ______. A.will arrive B.was arriving C.a(chǎn)rrives D.a(chǎn)rrived 【答案】C 【解題技巧】考查一般現(xiàn)在時。as soon as引導的時間狀語從句遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則,即主句用一般將來時,從句需用一般現(xiàn)在時。故選C。 ②“時態(tài)一致”原則。在含有賓語從句的主從復合句中,當主句的謂語動詞為過去時態(tài)時,從句的謂語動詞須用相應的某種過去時態(tài)。(2007年45題) 【典例剖析】(2007河北45題) ( )I didnt understand ________,so I raised my hand to ask. A.what my teacher says B.what does my teacher say C.what my teacher said D.what did my teacher say 【答案】C 【解題技巧】考查賓語從句的語序及時態(tài)。賓語從句需用陳述句語序,排查B和D項。再根據(jù)“時態(tài)一致”原則,即主句的謂語動詞為過去時態(tài),從句的謂語動詞須用相應的某種過去時態(tài)。故選C。 ③在主從復合句中,如果主句和從句的謂語動詞表示的兩個動作都發(fā)生在過去,而且有明顯的先后順序,那么,延續(xù)性動詞用過去進行時,短暫性動詞用一般過去時。通常在when和while引導的時間狀語從句出現(xiàn)。(2008年27題,2007年35題,2006年34題) 【典例剖析】(2008河北27題) ( )The Children ________ a P.E.class on the playground when it suddenly began to rain. A.have B.a(chǎn)re having C.had D.were having 【答案】D 【解題技巧】考查過去進行時。when引導的時間狀語從句的時態(tài)為一般過去時,且“begin”為短暫性動詞,那主句表示延續(xù)性的謂語動詞應用過去進行時。 ④當主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時等時態(tài)時,后面跟的賓語從句中的謂語動詞的時態(tài)不受主句時態(tài)的限制,可根據(jù)具體情況,選用各種合適的時態(tài)。(2012年45題,2011年45題,2010年45題,2009年45題,2006年45題) 【典例剖析】(2011年河北45題) ( )Jenny is on holiday now.I wonder ________. A.when she will come back B.when she came back C.when will she come back D.when did she come back 【答案】A 【解題技巧】考查賓語從句的語序及時態(tài)。賓語從句需用陳述句語序,排查C和D項。本題遵循當主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時等時態(tài)時,后面跟的賓語從句中的謂語動詞的時態(tài)不受主句時態(tài)的限制。再根據(jù)上句她正在度假可知回來肯定是將來的事。故選A。 ⑤在含有“since從句”的主從復合句中,主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時,從句常用一般過去時。 另外,在“Its+一段時間+since+從句”句式中,since后面的從句一般用一般過去時。 【典例剖析】(2014安徽中考改編) ( )Rick ________ a lot about Chinese culture since he came to China. A.learns B.learned C.has learned D.a(chǎn)re learning 【答案】C 【解題技巧】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。since引導的主從復合句中“主句用現(xiàn)在完成時,從句用一般過去時”。所以本題可根據(jù)從句中的“came”判斷出主句應用現(xiàn)在完成時,自從他來中國后就一直學習中國文化,這個學習的動作發(fā)生在過去,但是到目前為止還沒有結束且可能還會持續(xù)下去。故選C。 5.固定句型與動詞時態(tài)間的對應關系(2009年36題) 在英語中,不少句型與一些動詞在時態(tài)的運用方面都存在著特定的對應關系,如: ①在“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”句型中,陳述句中用will表示一般將來時。 【典例剖析】(2009河北36題) ( )Keep practicing and you ________ your English. A.improve B.will improve C.improved D.were improved 【答案】B 【解題技巧】考查一般將來時。這是“祈使句+and/ or+陳述句”句型,陳述句的謂語要用“will+動詞原形”,故選B。 ②在This/That/It is the first time that…句型中用現(xiàn)在完成時。若is改為was,就用過去完成時;有時以上結構中的first也可換成second,third,fourth等;其中的time也可換成其他名詞。 【典例剖析】 ( )—Do you know our town at all? —No,this is the first time I ________ here. A.was B.have been C.came D.a(chǎn)m coming 【答案】B 【解題技巧】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。This is the first time…后面所加從句應為現(xiàn)在完成時,故選B。 6.根據(jù)特定動詞與時態(tài)的對應關系(2014年44題) 在英語里有些動詞與時態(tài)有著特定的對應關系,如see(看見),hear(聽見),find(找到)等詞的用法與上下文的時態(tài)有對應的提示作用,如see sb. do/doing sth.,hear sb. do/doing sth.。 【典例剖析】(2015河北37題) ( )I saw Jeff in the park.He ________ on the grass and reading a book. A.sits B.sat C.is sitting D.was sitting 【答案】D 【解題技巧】考查過去進行時。根據(jù)上文語境“我看到杰夫在公園里”。saw表明動作發(fā)生在過去。又根據(jù)reading a book,可知前后句表并列關系,故用過去進行時。 7.根據(jù)時態(tài)中的“特”對策(如客觀真理等) 當賓語從句表述的是客觀事實、科學真理、格言或現(xiàn)在習慣行為時,其謂語動詞的時態(tài)不受主句謂語動詞時態(tài)的限制,要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 【典例剖析】 ( )The teacher told us that light ________ faster than sound. A.traveled B.travels C.is traveling D.will travel 【答案】B 【解題技巧】考查一般現(xiàn)在時。由常識可知“光比聲音傳播得快”是客觀真理,必須使用一般現(xiàn)在時。故選B。 二、常見易混時態(tài)辨析 1.一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時的易混辨析 一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作,或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),強調長期性、穩(wěn)定性;而現(xiàn)在進行時是指現(xiàn)在此刻或現(xiàn)在這一時期內正在進行的動作,強調暫時性,不穩(wěn)定性。如: He usually gets up at six in the morning.(經(jīng)常性、習慣性動作) She is an English woman.(現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)) We are working on the farm these days.(現(xiàn)在這期間的動作,表示這幾天暫時在農(nóng)場上幫忙) Look!The boys are fighting.(現(xiàn)在此刻所發(fā)生的動作) 注意:不宜用進行時態(tài)的動詞:表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動詞,如:love,like,hate,care,know,understand,forget,remember,believe,want,agree,wish,mean等;表示存在的動詞,如:be,lie(位于)等;表示一瞬間就發(fā)生的動作,如:get,buy,end,receive等。如: I like English very much.我非常喜歡英語。(表示情感) Mexico lies to the south of Texas.墨西哥位于德克薩斯州的南邊。(表示存在) 2.一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的易混辨析 兩者都表示過去發(fā)生的事情。但一般過去時只強調過去發(fā)生的事情本身,不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關系;現(xiàn)在完成時則強調過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響。主要說明現(xiàn)在的情況。如: I opened the door just now.我剛才打開了門。(指剛才做了“開門”的動作,但現(xiàn)在門是否開著,并未說明。) I have opened the door.我已經(jīng)把門打開了。(門現(xiàn)在還開著) 3.一般過去時和過去進行時的易混辨析 一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生過,強調動作結束了,側重于事實。而過去進行時表示動作在過去某時間內進行,強調動作的持續(xù)性和未完成性。如: I wrote a letter to a friend last night.(信寫完了,強調事實) I was writing a letter to a friend last night.(信不一定寫完,強調動作) 4.表示“將來時態(tài)”幾種形式的易混辨析 在初中階段,我們學了will/shall+動詞原形,be going to+動詞原形,be doing以及一般現(xiàn)在時等四種形式表達將來時。 will/shall表示單純的將來(即現(xiàn)在之后)。如: He will be back in a few days.他幾天之后回來。(單純將來) 注意:在含有if的條件狀語從句中,主句要用will表示將來時。例如: If it doesnt rain tomorrow,we will go climbing.如果明天不下雨,我們就去爬山。 be going to+動詞原形多用于口語,強調事先的“打算、計劃”要做的事情或有某種跡象要發(fā)生的事情。如: What are you going to do this evening?你今晚準備做什么?(打算) Look!There are so many clouds in the sky.Its going to rain,I think.看,天空烏云密布。我覺得是要下雨了。(有跡象要發(fā)生的事情) be doing現(xiàn)在進行時?,F(xiàn)在進行時表示即將發(fā)生的將來,多與表示位移的動詞come,go,arrive,leave,fly,start等連用。如:She is leaving for Beijing.她就要啟程去北京。 一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時,主要用于時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中;或者用來表示按時刻表的規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作。如: Ill tell him about it as soon as I see him.一見到他我就會告訴他這件事。 My plane takes off at seven tomorrow morning.我的航班明天早上11點起飛。 【考點搶測】 ( D )1.(2016石家莊18縣市聯(lián)考)My sister wants a new dress.She ________ it to the party. A.wears B.has worn C.wore D.is going to wear ( C )2.(2016石家莊18縣市聯(lián)考)I ________ my homework,I guess I cant join you. A.dont finish B.didnt finish C.havent finished D.wont finish ( C )3.(2016邯鄲升學二模)She ________ the bike for two years,but it still looks nice. A.had B.bought C.has had D.has bought ( D )4.(2016邯鄲升學二模)Turn down the TV,dear.Our son ________ for his report in the study. A.prepares B.has prepared C.prepared D.is preparing ( B )5.(2016邯鄲升學二模)Look at the picture in my room!My father ________ it in England. A.takes B.took C.will take D.is taking ( B )6.(2016路北區(qū)九年級二模)If people ______ the traffic rules,there will be fewer traffic jams and accidents. A.will obey B.obey C.break D.will break ( B )7.(2016石家莊28中模擬)Leave me alone,please!I ________ on a difficult problem. A.work B.a(chǎn)m working C.worked D.have worked ( D )8.(2016石家莊28中模擬)Miss Brown,we ________ cleaning the classroom.Can we go home now? A.finish B.a(chǎn)re finishing C.finished D.have finished ( D )9.(2016張家口二模)I didnt see clearly how the accident happened because it ________ heavily. A.is raining B.rains C.will rain D.was raining ( B )10.(2016張家口升學二模)Tony ________ his bag in the school library.He has to get it back. A.leaves B.left C.is leaving D.was leaving ,河北中考考點精練 一、單項選擇 ( C )1.(2016江西中考)—May I speak to Mrs.Black? —Sorry,mom cant come to the phone now.She________a shower. A.has B.had C.is having D.was having ( C )2.(2016綿陽中考)—Anita,where is your brother? —He________out in the garden with a group of kids. A.plays B.played C.is playing D.has played ( D )3.(2016北京中考)Please dont make so much noise.The baby________now. A.sleeps B.slept C.will sleep D.is sleeping ( D )4.(2016黔東南州中考)—Hurry up!We________for you at the gate. —Im sorry,Im coming soon. A.wait B.will wait C.have been waited D.a(chǎn)re waiting ( A )5.(2016畢節(jié)中考)Its six oclock in the morning.Many people________in the park. A.a(chǎn)re dancing B.dance C.is dancing D.dances ( B )6.(2016成都中考)—Lily,where is your father now?Go and get him for lunch. —Just a moment,please.Father________a phone call in his room. A.makes B.is making C.was making D.made ( C )7.(2016河南中考)Everyone wants to reach the top of the mountain,but all the happiness happens while you________it. A.climb B.climbed C.a(chǎn)re climbing D.have climbed ( B )8.(2016南京中考)—Hi,Nora.Is your mother at home? —Just a minute!She________flowers in the garden. A.plant B.is planting C.planted D.was planting ( B )9.(2016永州中考)—________you ever________to the Great Wall? —Yes,Three times. A.Has;been B.Have;been C.Have;gone D.Did;go ( C )10.(2016寧夏中考)—Look!Someone________the classroom. —Well,it wasnt me.I didnt do it. A.is cleaning B.was cleaning C.has cleaned D.will clean ( A )11.(2016蘇州中考)—Hobo and Eddie________the cinema to watch the film Zootopia. —Oh,thats why I cant find them now. A.have gone to B.have been to C.has gone to D.has been to ( C )12.(2016武漢中考)I dont feel very well,Jack.Im afraid you________me your cold. A.give B.had given C.have given D.would give ( C )13.(2016北京中考)Its nice to see you again.We________each other since 2014. A.wont see B.dont see C.havent seen D.didnt see ( A )14.(2016黔南州中考)Rick________a lot about Chinese culture since he came to China. A.has learned B.will learn C.learns D.learned ( D )15.(2016煙臺中考)—Lucy has________to London.How can I get in touch with her? —Dont worry.She will phone you as soon as she________there. A.been;will get B.been;gets C.gone;will get D.gone;gets ( B )16.(2016北京中考)—Where did you go last weekend? —I________to the Great Wall. A.go B.went C.will go D.have gone ( B )17.(2016上海中考)Last week Vivian______a dress for her mother with her firstmonth salary. A.buy B.bought C.will buy D.would buy ( C )18.(2016廣東中考)School violence(暴力)________much attention of the whole society and people are calling on the government to make laws against it as early as possible. A.drew B.will draw C.has drawn D.was drawing ( A )19.(2016重慶中考)Dont worry.Bill will help you look after your dog when you______away on business. A.a(chǎn)re B.were C.will be D.have been ( C )20.(2016黃石中考)Many scientist believe that robots________able to talk like humans in 50 years. A.were B.a(chǎn)re C.will be D.have been ( D )21.(2016石家莊新華區(qū)中考模擬)My family________the tea garden last summer. A.visit B.will visit C.have visited D.visited ( D )22.(2016石家莊橋西區(qū)中考模擬)—Tom,could you give me a hand now? —Sorry,mom.I________a picture for tomorrows game. A.draw B.drew C.was drawing D.a(chǎn)m drawing ( B )23.(2016石家莊橋西區(qū)中考模擬)Our math teacher looks sad.Maybe he________what happened to him. A.is knowing B.has known C.must know D.will know ( D )24.(2016石家莊橋西區(qū)中考模擬)—Why didnt you answer my telephone yesterday evening? —Sorry.I________a bath. A.take B.took C.a(chǎn)m taking D.was taking ( C )25.(2016張家口升學一模)—There is going to be an important meeting in Beijing next week. —Thats right.And my boss________for Beijing to attend it. A.left B.was leaving C.is leaving D.leaves ( B )26.(2016張家口升學一模)—Your new watch is so beautiful! —Oh,thank you.I________it during my visit to Shanghai. A.buy B.bought C.will buy D.have bought ( C )27.(2016張家口升學一模)Danny didnt see the cat catching a fish because he________the NBA game. A.watches B.is watching C.was watching D.watched ( D )28.(2016張家口升學一模)—Did you return the book to the library yesterday? —No,I________reading it. A.finished B.didnt finish C.have finished D.havent finished ( B )29.(2016裕華區(qū)中考模擬)—Excuse me,where is Mr.Smiths office? —Sorry,I________here for only a few days. A.works B.have worked C.have come D.worked ( D )30.(2016蘇州中考)—Oh,dear! A power cut! —Sorry,I dont know you________the washing machine. A.a(chǎn)re using B.used C.use D.were using ( A )31.(2016無錫中考)My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I________half of it. A.missed B.was missing C.will miss D.would miss ( B )32.(2016連云港中考)—Did Billy and Anna find a way out at last? —Yes,they________a plan and did it. A.were working out B.worked out C.a(chǎn)re working out D.have worked out 二、連詞成句 1.(2016路南區(qū)質檢一)ten,in,have,years,we,Beijing,for,stay __We__have__stayed__in__Beijing__for__ten__years__. 2.(2016路南區(qū)質檢一)basketball,the,week,the,win,last,boys,game __The__boys__won__the__basketball__game__last__week. 3.(2016保定調研)spring,take,I,last,them __I__took__them__last__spring__. 4.(2016河北豐潤區(qū)三模)coat,out,and,Tony,put,go,his,on __Tony__puts__on__his__coat__and__goes__out__. 5.(2017原創(chuàng)預測)the Smiths,party,yesterday,have,a __The__Smiths__had__a__party__yesterday__.- 配套講稿:
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