中考英語命題研究 第三部分 中考題型攻略篇 題型五 完形填空試題1

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題型五 完形填空 ,河北中考五年命題規(guī)律及趨勢 年份 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 文體 說明文 記敘文 記敘文 記敘文 記敘文 話題 講述了大雁團(tuán)隊(duì) 合作的例子 學(xué)會(huì)享受生活 助人為樂 的故事 介紹父親樂觀 的原因及對(duì)我 的影響 成功的原因 詞數(shù)和段落 209詞，6段式 243詞，7段式 225詞，6段式 186詞，4段式 195詞，3段式 考查點(diǎn) 名詞、動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語、形容詞、副詞、連詞、代詞、介詞等 河北完型填空文體主要為記敘文，偶爾會(huì)涉及議論文和說明文。考點(diǎn)分布如下： ①五年考查5次的考點(diǎn)有3個(gè)，為動(dòng)詞詞義辨析、名詞詞義辨析和形容詞詞義辨析。通常設(shè)置2－3題 ②五年考查4次的考點(diǎn)有3個(gè)，為副詞詞義辨析、連詞的用法和動(dòng)詞短語辨析。通常設(shè)置1題 ③五年考查3次的考點(diǎn)有1個(gè)，為介詞短語辨析，通常設(shè)置1題 ④五年考查2次的考點(diǎn)有1個(gè)，為代詞詞義辨析，通常設(shè)置1題 ⑤五年考查1次的考點(diǎn)有1個(gè)，為形容詞比較級(jí)，通常設(shè)置1題 預(yù)測河北2017年中考完形填空體裁和話題以說明文和記敘文為主。介紹某個(gè)事物或人物，不排除對(duì)議論文的考查，話題貼近學(xué)生生活?？疾閮?nèi)容：以考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析、名詞詞義辨析、形容詞詞義辨析，副詞詞義辨析，連詞的用法，動(dòng)詞短語辨析，代詞詞義辨析和介詞短語辨析為主，但也不排除對(duì)形容詞比較級(jí)，形容詞短語，序數(shù)詞和疑問詞的考查。 ,解題方法與技巧 完形填空是介于單項(xiàng)選擇題和閱讀理解題之間的一種題型，旨在考查學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯和語法知識(shí)在單句、上下文、語篇等各種具體語境下的綜合運(yùn)用能力，這就要求考生在解題中掌握一些方法、技巧。 1．速讀，初讀全文，跳開選項(xiàng)了解信息，初步掌握文章大意，抓住主題。 完型填空的首句一般不留空，因此認(rèn)真閱讀短文開頭的第一、二句，有利于準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測和推斷短文的主旨大意，不要急于看選項(xiàng)，找答案。應(yīng)通篇瀏覽文章，掌握文中的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物及事件。也不要拘泥于個(gè)別細(xì)節(jié)，否則難以達(dá)到整體上的把握。 2．精讀。精讀細(xì)研，初填試選，抓住短文的每段、每句及作者的思想。 再讀時(shí)，可以運(yùn)用一些方法來全面地審視填空，即常見完形填空的7種命題角度：語境推斷；詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)；生活常識(shí)；固定搭配；邏輯推理；推理判斷；語法知識(shí)(河北近5年中考完形填空中并沒有涉及過此種命題角度)。 3．復(fù)讀。再次閱讀文章，瞻前顧后，反復(fù)推敲，檢查答案是否符合文章邏輯推理。 對(duì)于那些不易定奪的選項(xiàng)或單詞，可以從前后文和單詞的搭配、語義、語法上進(jìn)行分析推斷。即：先看前后搭配是否符合語法；再看上下文意思是否通順；后看情節(jié)是否合理以及是否符合生活常識(shí)和文化背景，從而選出正確的答案。 填完所有空格以后，還需要進(jìn)行最后的校核?？荚嚂r(shí)，校核最好在檢查完其他試題之后進(jìn)行。因?yàn)閯傋鐾晖晷翁羁疹}，考生的思路仍留在原來的線上，如稍隔一段時(shí)間或做一些其他題目，回頭再復(fù)讀全文，從語感上體會(huì)文章是否通順，校核所填的詞是否合理，前后是否連貫，結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，就可以從另一個(gè)角度來觀察一切，從而提高答題的準(zhǔn)確率。 (2015河北中考)A teacher was giving a talk to his students on stress(壓力) management.He raised a glass of water and asked them，“How __1__ do you think this glass of water is？” The students began to think and __2__.Their answers are different，from 20g to 500g. “It does not matter on the real __3__.It depends on how long you hold it.If I hold it for a __4__ ，it is OK.If I hold it for an hour，I will have an ache in my right arm.If I hold it for a day，you will have to call a __5__.It is the exact same weight，but the longer I hold it，the heavier it becomes.What we have to do is to put the glass down，__6__ for a while before holding it up again.” “If we carry our burdens(負(fù)擔(dān)) __7__， sooner or later，we will not be able to carry on.The burden will become increasingly heavier.We have to __8__ the burden every now and then，so that we can be refreshed and are able to carry on.” So __9__ you return home from work tonight，put the burden of work down.Dont carry it back home.You can pick it up tomorrow. Whatever burdens you have，let them down for a moment if you can.And learn to __10__ ourselves. Life is short but amazing.Enjoy it! ( A )1.A.heavy B．full C．much D．long ( C )2.A.read B．watch C．guess D．listen ( B )3.A.glass B．weight C．water D．height ( A )4.A.minute B．night C．day D．week ( C )5.A.mother B．teacher C．doctor D．friend ( A )6.A.rest B．shake C．look D．work ( D )7.A.this time B．some other time C．next time D．a(chǎn)ll the time ( B )8.A.give up B．put down C．pick up D．think about ( C )9.A.after B．since C．before D．until ( D )10.A.save B．help C．care D．relax 【主旨大意】這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。一位老師用生活中的一個(gè)再簡單不過的例子，即：用手舉起盛水的杯子，由于舉的時(shí)間不同，我們的胳膊所承受的壓力，人的感受也有所不同。從而想到在生活中，我們最好不要把工作中的負(fù)擔(dān)帶回家，要會(huì)給自己“減負(fù)”。只有這樣才能享受生活的美好。 1．A 【解析】命題角度：邏輯推理①?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。heavy重的；full滿的； much多的； long長的。句意：你們認(rèn)為這杯水有多么________？ 根據(jù)下一段第2句Their answers are different，from 20g to 500g.他們的答案從20克到500克各不相同，可推測這個(gè)老師在問水的重量。故選A。 2．C 【解析】命題角度：邏輯推理①?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。read閱讀；watch觀察；guess猜測；listen聽。句意：學(xué)生們開始思考并________。根據(jù)邏輯常識(shí)，思考之后進(jìn)行猜測。故選C。 3．B 【解析】命題角度：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)②?？疾槊~辨析。glass玻璃杯；weight重量；water水；height高度。句意：這和真實(shí)的沒有關(guān)系。上一段學(xué)生們猜測水的真實(shí)重量，所以說和水的重量沒關(guān)系。故選B。 考點(diǎn)：邏輯推理① 方法突破：形容詞辨析類的試題通常采用邏輯推理的方法，判斷出修飾名詞的情況，選出正確的單詞。該題中詢問杯子中的狀況，根據(jù)下一段第2句Their answers are different，from 20g to 500g.他們的答案從20克到500克各不相同，可推測這個(gè)老師在問水的重量。可迅速找出答案。 考點(diǎn)：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)② 方法突破：在完型填空中，考查名詞詞義辨析時(shí)，通常使用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)的解題方法，考生不要急于選出答案，須通過上下文的提示，讀懂題意，選出正確的答案。 4.A 【解析】命題角度：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)②?？疾槊~用法。句意：如果我握著一________，還好。下兩句時(shí)間從一小時(shí)到一天，依次加長。根據(jù)常識(shí)比一小時(shí)短的時(shí)間是一分鐘。故選A。 5．C 【解析】命題角度：生活常識(shí)③?？疾槊~辨析。 mother母親；teacher老師；doctor醫(yī)生；friend朋友。句意：如果我握住它一天，不得不叫________。根據(jù)常識(shí)，身體受不了要打電話叫醫(yī)生。故選C。 6．A 【解析】命題角度：邏輯推理①?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。 rest休息；shake搖動(dòng)；look看；work工作。句意：我們能做的是把它放下來，________一會(huì)兒，再舉起來。放下杯子為了休息一會(huì)兒。故選A。 7．D 【解析】命題角度：語境推斷④?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z辨析。this time這次；some other time 改天 ；next time下一次；all the time一直，總是。句意：如果我們________承受負(fù)擔(dān)，遲早，我們會(huì)堅(jiān)持不到底。根據(jù)上文可知，總是負(fù)擔(dān)重。故選D。 8．B 【解析】命題角度：語境推斷④。考查動(dòng)詞短語用法。 give up放棄；put down放下，鎮(zhèn)壓；pick up撿起，接走；think about考慮。句意：我們不得不時(shí)常想著________擔(dān)子，以便我們恢復(fù)精神并堅(jiān)持下去。根據(jù)常識(shí)，只有把擔(dān)子放下來，才能恢復(fù)精神。故選B。 9．C 【解析】命題角度：語境推斷④?？疾檫B詞辨析。after在……之后；since自……以來；before在……之前；until到……為止。句意：所以今晚從工作回到家之________，放下工作擔(dān)子。根據(jù)下一句不要把工作負(fù)擔(dān)帶回家可知，這個(gè)老師建議每人回家前放下?lián)?。故選C。 10．D 【解析】命題角度：邏輯推理?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。save節(jié)省，挽救；help幫助；care照顧，關(guān)愛；relax放松。句意：并學(xué)會(huì)________我們自己。根據(jù)上句無論我們有什么負(fù)擔(dān)，如果可能，把它們放一下?？梢娺@里是放松自己。故選D。,考點(diǎn)：生活常識(shí)③ 方法突破：做此類題目時(shí)，應(yīng)該聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際和常識(shí)，然后做出正確的判斷。本題中告訴我們握住杯子一天，因此我們由常識(shí)判斷應(yīng)該去叫醫(yī)生。 考點(diǎn)：語境推斷④ 方法突破：語境推斷類題在完型填空中是最常見的，考生首先要弄清楚主人公身份、所處環(huán)境等，進(jìn)而理解語境，體驗(yàn)語境。在本題中，we will not be able to carry on是明顯的語境，告訴我們?nèi)绻偸浅惺茇?fù)擔(dān)，我們會(huì)堅(jiān)持不到底。 ,河北2016考點(diǎn)精練 話題1 人物經(jīng)歷與感受 Group 1(2016裕華區(qū)初中模擬) The lady with the white fence(籬笆) taught me to leave the gate to life open. My husband died in an accident and I became very angry.I hated being alone.One day，as I was __1__ down a busy street，I suddenly noticed a new fence around a house.I pulled off to really watch it.It was such a good __2__ that I was deeply touched.I could not send __3__ away.The fence still smelled of fresh paint. “Hello！”I came up and said to a lady in the back garden，“I come to see the fence.Its so beautiful！” “Oh！The fence is not there for me，”the lady explained to me in a calm voice，“I live alone.__4__ so many people pass by every day，and I think they may be pleased to see something really attractive.__5__ stop like you and come up to have a chat.” “But werent you sad when they expanded(拓寬) the road and everything changed so much？” “Change is part of life and takes part in __6__ us who we are.When something we do not like happens to us，we have two choices—to become a __7__ person or to become a better person.” Her reply changed my life.I carefully left the gate open and drove on __8__ a new feeling inside me.I could not tell __9__ it was，but I could feel the thick stone wall around my angry heart breaking off.And __10__ a pretty white fence was built.I decided that I would keep the gate open for everything and everyone that came my way. ( C )1.A.walking B．riding C．driving D．running ( D )2.A.street B．paint C．house D．job ( C )3.A.it B．them C．myself D．her ( A )4.A.But B．Thus C．And D．As ( B )5.A.Few B．A few C．Everyone D．None ( D )6.A.finding B．telling C．catching D．making ( B )7.A.fitter B．bitter C．smarter D．sweeter ( A )8.A.with B．for C．to D．by ( D )9.A.when B．where C．who D．what ( C )10.A.beyond B．once C．instead D．though Group 2(2016石家莊初三質(zhì)檢一) The way you think may influence the way you do things. We spent this summer with our __1__.He loved taking a walk to collect stones.One day，he bought us backpacks and __2__ us to go to the mountain with him，and carry the stones. The whole day，we walked around.Now and then he put stones in our bags.To our surprise，he also __3__ some stones out of our bags.We thought he just found the better stones. When we returned to the house，we were very __4__.The backpacks were so heavy that we felt happy when we took them off.Yet our uncles backpack was half empty. “Why did you give us so many __5__？”we asked. “I didnt.You did，”he said.“You didnt know it，but I gave you a small test to test the way you think.I __6__ every word you said.Whenever you said something that made us unhappy or sad，I added a stone to your bags.__7__ you talked about something with positive(積極的) thinking，I took out a stone.And now look at your backpack.”The backpacks were almost full. Your thoughts about the bad side of a situation are just __8__ stones.You carry them in your mind just like the stones in your backpacks.The more negative(消極的) thoughts you have，the __9__ your mind will be. With great love，our uncle taught us one of the most important lessons in life—the power of he __10__ we think.I will never forget this lesson. ( B )1.A.father B．uncle C．brother D．cousin ( B )2.A.taught B．told C．made D．had ( D )3.A.drew B．blew C．beat D．took ( A )4.A.tired B．patient C．excited D．nervous ( C )5.A.lessons B．tests C．stones D．bags ( D )6.A.talked back B．worried about C．picked out D．listened to ( A )7.A.When B．What C．Who D．Where ( C )8.A.among B．a(chǎn)bout C．like D．behind ( B )9.A.happier B．heavier C．lighter D．better ( D )10.A.life B．love C．smile D．way 話題2 文化禮儀類 Group 3(2016河北升學(xué)一模) 眼睛在社會(huì)交際中的作用 It is often said that eyes can speak.Do you have such kind of__1__？In a bus you may look at a stranger，but not too__2__.If he notices that he is being looked at，he may__3__uncomfortable.It is the same in daily life.When you are looked at for several more times，you will look__4__up and down in order to__5__if there is anything wrong with you.If__6__goes wrong，you will feel angry with the person who is looking at you.__7__can speak，right？Looking too long at someone may seem to be impolite.But sometimes things are__8__.If you wish to draw someones__9__，you may look at him or her for more than ten seconds.For lovers，they enjoy looking at each other longer to show the love that words cannot__10__.Clearly，eye communication should be done according to the relationship between the two people and the certain situation. ( C )1. A．future B．fear C．experience D．exercise ( B )2. A．late B．long C．low D．loud ( A )3. A．feel B．smell C．sound D．taste ( D )4. A．itself B．himself C．myself D．yourself ( A )5. A．see B．guess C．hear D．expect ( B )6. A．something B．nothing C．everything D．a(chǎn)nything ( B )7. A．Ears B．Eyes C．Mouth D．Nose ( A )8. A．different B．difficult C．tiring D．boring ( C )9.A.direction B．lesson C．a(chǎn)ttention D．trouble ( D )10.A.write B．print C．read D．express 話題3 日常生活類 Group 4(2016河北升學(xué)二模) 為什么我想上大學(xué)？ Why do I want to go to college？No one has ever asked me__1__a question.But in my times I have asked myself.I have__2__many ideas.__3__important idea is that I want to be a better man. Many things make human beings different__4__or better than or even superior(高級(jí)) to animals. One of the most important thing is__5__.If I fail to receive higher education，my education__6__.As I want to be a fully__7__man，I must get a well－rounded(全面發(fā)展的) education，which good colleges and universities are supposed to__8__.I know one can get educated in many ways，but colleges and universities are__9__the best places to teach me how to educate myself.Only when I am welleducated will I be a better man and__10__serve the people. ( C )1. A．quite B．so C．such D．a(chǎn)nother ( A )2. A．come up with B．a(chǎn)greed with C．fed up with D．got on well with ( B )3.A.Most B．The most C．More D．Much ( D )4. A．to B．a(chǎn)round C．between D．from ( A )5.A.education B．weather C．temperature D．science ( C )6.A.finished B．dont finished C．will not finish D．has finished ( A )7. A．developed B．developing C．experienced D．experiencing ( D )8.A.improve B．graduate C．research D．provide ( B )9.A.through B．a(chǎn)mong C．inside D．outside ( C )10.A.can good B．may best C．be able to better D．be able to best 話題4 人物傳記類 Group 5(2016石家莊28中模擬) 女漢子 Theres a new name for a kind of tough(堅(jiān)持的) women.Theyre called “nu hanzi” and always do many things besides taking care of __1__.These women are around us. Su Haos friends all call her a tough woman __2__ the 19yearold girl can finish hard work that is usually given to men.For example，she can carry 10litter(升) water bottles to her room on the 5th floor and can __3__ a broken fan.“I __4__ no one else but myself，”she says. According to a recent study by China Youth Daily，tough women have become rather __5__ in society today.We can see a lot of them around us.About half people said they liked tough women，but only a third said they __6__ this kind of women. __7__ men，women are often in a disadvataged situation.In order to work well，__8__ have to be independent，strong and tough. Many people believe that tough women are developed this way：theyre often with their father，who teach __9__ to be brave and tough.As a result，these women are much __10__ and more tolerant(忍受的) to stress.Clearly，this kind of tough women can just work as well as men in many fields. ( C )1.A.herself B．ourselves C．themselves D．yourselves ( A )2.A.because B．but C．when D．or ( D )3.A.make B．sell C．buy D．repair ( C )4.A.hear of B．turn on C．depend on D．think of ( A )5.A.common B．unusual C．strange D．stupid ( B )6.A.believed B．disliked C．knew D．found ( D )7.A.Thanks to B．According to C．With the help of D．Compared with ( B )8.A.men B．women C．boys D．girls ( C )9.A.sons B．wives C．daughters D．parents ( B )10.A.weaker B．braver C．unhappier D．sadder 話題5 事物介紹 Group 6(2016河北升學(xué)四模) A mobile phone is very useful.Its one of the greatest __1__ in the world.And many students have great fun __2__ with it.But it does harm to their health a lot. If you have a mobile phone，it is necessary to know about the __3__ of using it and learn how to enjoy your phone safely.Sending messages can be a wonderful way to connect with your friends.But you __4__ receive some cheating(欺騙) messages.__5__，you may get a message saying that you have won a big prize.Dont believe it. Some students like listening to the music on the phone __6__ walking.Its very __7__ because there are so many cars and buses on the road.Remember not to __8__ on the mobile phone too often or too long.Your parents will be angry if you spend too much money.Last，__9__ your mobile phone when you sleep.The noise of rubbish messages may __10__ you up.Whats more，the radiation(輻射) of the mobile phone is harmful to your health. ( D )1.A.laws B．methods C．secrets D．inventions ( A )2.A.playing B．having C．creating D．reaching ( C )3.A.problems B．differences C．disadvantages D．discussions ( D )4.A.seldom B．never C．hardly D．probably ( B )5.A.As soon as B．For example C．Instead of D．In fact ( A )6.A.while B．until C．before D．a(chǎn)fter ( B )7.A.safe B．dangerous C．careful D．exciting ( B )8.A.tell B．talk C．speak D．say ( C )9.A.turn up B．turn down C．turn off D．turn on ( D )10.A.look B．put C．pick D．wake 話題6 動(dòng)物的啟示 Group 7(2016河北中考) 大雁的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作 Many of us enjoy watching animals in the world.But do you know what they can teach us？Geese(雁)，for example，teach a very good lesson about__1__.In the fall，Canada geese fly to the warm south to__2__Canadas cold winter.They lift off in no order.Yet__3__they form a V shape，with one bird leading the group. This V shape allows geese to__4__energy.When the front bird moves its wings up and down，the resulting force of the air lifts the next one.This continues down the line.The bird__5__has the hardest job.When it gets__6__，it moves behind，and another bird moves into the lead.By sharing the role，the group can travel great distances.Geese flying in a V shape can fly 70 percent farther without__7__than birds flying alone. During the long flying journey，geese communicate with one another.They honk(鳴叫) to__8__the birds up front to keep up the speed.They also cheer each other up__9__working toward a common goal.What have we learned from the lovely geeses experience and skills? __10__together！Whether it is our personal lives or our jobs，we need other people.We need the spirit of teamwork! ( D )1.A.experience B．success C．friendship D．teamwork ( B )2.A.look for B．get away from C．wait for D．walk away from ( B )3.A.busily B．quickly C．bravely D．suddenly ( A )4.A.save B．waste C．create D．lose ( A )5.A.in front B．a(chǎn)t the back C．in the middle D．on the left ( B )6.A.bored B．tired C．hungry D．thirsty ( A )7.A.rest B．sleep C．excuse D．result ( D )8.A.lead B．lift C．teach D．encourage ( C )9.A.until B．a(chǎn)fter C．while D．before ( D )10.A.Play B．Travel C．Live D．Work