高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 考點題組訓(xùn)練 專題13 七選五1

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專題13 七選五 (2016新課標(biāo)Ⅰ) 主題：密碼的設(shè)置　詞數(shù)：192 Secret codes(密碼)keep messages private.Banks，companies，and government agencies use secret codes in doing business，especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes for thousands of years.__1__ Code breaking never lags(落后)far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography.__2__ For example，the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” __3__ You might represent each letter with a number，for example.Lets number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter，the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.” A code uses symbols to replace words，phrases，or sentences.To read the message of a real code，you must have a code book.__4__ For example，“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”．The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” __5__ However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently. A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B．In any language，some letters are used more than others. C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D．As long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them. E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F．With a code book，you might write down words that would stand for other words. G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】　本文是一篇說明文。密碼在銀行、公司、政府等各個領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。本文主要介紹了密碼設(shè)置的三種方式。 1．D　根據(jù)空后“Code breaking never lags far behind code making.”可知，有密碼的設(shè)置就有破譯密碼的存在，故D項“As long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them.(只要有密碼存在，人們就設(shè)法破解它)”可以承接上下文。 2．E　根據(jù)空前“There are three main types of cryptography.”及后面舉的例子可知，本空應(yīng)介紹設(shè)置密碼的第一種方式：要隱藏一條信息，可以用每個單詞的首字母來組成密碼，故選E項。 3．G　根據(jù)空后“You might represent each letter with a number...”及后面的內(nèi)容可以判斷，這是介紹密碼設(shè)置的另一種方法，即將字母表中字母排列順序轉(zhuǎn)化為數(shù)字信息，故G項符合語境。 4．F　根據(jù)空前“To read the message of a real code，you must have a code book.”可知，你需要借用解碼書來找出密碼所對應(yīng)的意思，F(xiàn)項“有了解碼書，你就可以寫下代表著別的詞語的密碼”符合語境。 5．A　根據(jù)上文及下一句“However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.”可知，上一句與下一句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故A項“沒有解碼書很難完成解密工作”符合語境。 (2016新課標(biāo)Ⅱ) 主題：如何裝飾花園　詞數(shù)：204 A garden thats just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you，where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(總和)of its parts？__1__．But it doesnt happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. __2__ Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)．__3__．However，there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years. Recall(回憶)your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad，but thats not whats important.__4__—how being in those gardens made us feel.If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden，start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.__5__．Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grownup garden.Have fun. A．Know why you garden B．Find a good place for your own garden C．Its our experience of the garden that matters D．Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden，too G．For each of those gardens，write down the strongest memory you have 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】　本文介紹了兩條裝飾花園的建議：1.弄清楚你為什么要搞園藝；2.回憶你以前看到過的花園。 1．F　根據(jù)設(shè)空處前后句的句意“你是否參觀過使你感覺非常好的花園？”和“但是，這并不是偶然發(fā)生的?！笨芍?，F(xiàn)項“你也可以把你的花園裝飾得如此怡人”使得上下文語意連貫，銜接緊密。 2．A　此處缺少主題句。根據(jù)本段倒數(shù)第二句“However，there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知，本段主要講要弄清楚你為什么要搞園藝。故選A項。 3．E　本段介紹人們對于園藝的觀點：有些人認(rèn)為花園只是指一些花花草草；有些人關(guān)心少用水、少用肥料的園藝方法。設(shè)空處仍然在說明人們對園藝不同的看法。故E項“還有其他一些人只是喜歡待在戶外，接觸植物”承接上文。 4．C　根據(jù)設(shè)空處前一句“……不重要”可知，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是在園藝中對我們來說真正重要的是什么。故C項“重要的是我們搞園藝的經(jīng)歷”符合上下文語境。 5．G　根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容及主題句“Recall your childhood memories”可知，如果自己裝飾一個花園，要回憶一下自己小時候所看到的那些花園，并把這些花園的優(yōu)點寫下來，然后制訂計劃并把自己以前的記憶變成美麗的花園。故G項符合語境。 【長難句分析】　It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.它從聽從你內(nèi)心的想法開始，明白了對自然世界而言你是誰和你是如何完成園藝工作的過程。 who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process為and連接的兩個并列的賓語從句，作understanding的賓語。 (2016新課標(biāo)Ⅲ) 主題：如何挑魚和烹飪　詞數(shù)：183 Everyone knows that fish is good for health.__1__ But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year，but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying，storing，and cooking fish isnt difficult.__2__ This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. __3__ Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh.__4__ When you have bought a fish and arrive home，youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately，but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one. There are many common methods used to cook fish.__5__ First，clean it and season it with your choice of spices(調(diào)料)．Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.)Then，its ready to serve. A．Do not buy it. B．The easiest is to steam it. C．This is how you can do it. D．It just requires a little knowledge. E．The fish will go bad within hours. F．When buying fish，you should first smell it. G．The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】　吃魚對身體有好處，因為魚的脂肪可以預(yù)防心臟方面的疾病。文章介紹了如何挑選新鮮的魚和魚的烹飪方法。 1．G　前一句提到魚對身體有好處，后一句說似乎許多人不在家做魚。由此可知，所填的句子是對身體有好處的內(nèi)容，G項符合語境。 2．D　根據(jù)前一句的“Buying，storing，and cooking fish isnt difficult.”可知，D項“它只需要很少的知識”與語意相符。 3．F　根據(jù)下文的“Fresh fish should smell sweet”可知，此處談的是買魚時要首先聞一下魚，所以選F項。 4．A　這里談?wù)摰氖琴I魚，魚有了味道，證明魚不新鮮了，所以不要買，故A項承接前一句內(nèi)容。 5．B　根據(jù)下文的“Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it...”可知，談?wù)摰氖钦趑~的方法，所以選B項。 【長難句分析】　When you have bought a fish and arrive home，youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately，but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.當(dāng)你買了魚拿回家后，如果不立刻烹飪，最好放在冰箱里，但是新鮮的魚只能在冰箱里儲存一兩天。 本句結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜。when引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句，主句是youd better store...，該句和but fresh fish should be...是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句。 (2016四川) 主題：女性壽命更長的原因　詞數(shù)：195 Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries.__1__ In general，they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.One reason for this is biological. One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.__2__ Between the ages of about 12 and 50，women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力)．These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow.In fact，women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks. __3__ They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men.The common cold is a good example: women，on average，get fewer colds than men. __4__ Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging，but they believe that they do.Some think that a womans body cells have a tendency(傾向)to age more slowly than a mans.Others think that a mans body cells have a tendency to age more quickly.__5__ A．However，women，on average，live longer. B．The biological factor plays an important part. C．Women are also helped by their female genes. D．The female hormones also protect the body in another way. E．Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities. F．Therefore，women are more healthy than men and can live a better life. G．Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了女性比男性壽命更長的原因。 1．A　根據(jù)下句“In general，they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.”可知，本空應(yīng)說明“女性比男性壽命更長”，故A項符合語境。 2．G　根據(jù)上句 “One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.”可知，導(dǎo)致女性壽命更長的原因之一是男女荷爾蒙的不同，而空后內(nèi)容介紹了荷爾蒙對于女性的作用，故應(yīng)選G項。 3．D　根據(jù)下句“They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.”可知，本段講女性荷爾蒙在保護(hù)女性健康方面的作用，故選D項。 4．C　根據(jù)下句中的“Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging...”可知，本段講女性基因和壽命的關(guān)系，故選C項。 5．E　根據(jù)上兩句“Some think that a womans body cells have a tendency to age more slowly than a mans.Others think that a mans body cells have a tendency to age more quickly.”可知，人們對男女身體細(xì)胞和年齡的關(guān)系有兩種猜測，E項“最近的研究似乎支持這兩種可能性”符合語境，故選E項。 (2016北京) 主題：冒險　詞數(shù)：264 The Science of RiskSeeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward，the risk seems worth taking.__1__ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.Why？Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work. The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.Risktakers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring.__2__ As the quality of risktaking was passed from one generation to the next，humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk. So why arent we all jumping out of airplanes then？Well，even 200，000 years ago，too much risktaking could get one killed.A few daring survived，though，along with a few stayinthecave types.As a result，humans developed a range of character types that still exists today.So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it.__3__ No matter where you are on the riskseeking range，scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.__4__ To help you do that，your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.New experiences often mean taking some risks，so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. __5__ For the riskseekers，a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active，while for the rest of us，a part of the brain related to fear becomes active. As experts continue to study the science of riskseeking，well continue to hit the mountains，the waves or the shallow end of the pool. A．It all depends on your character. B．Those are the risks you should jump to take. C．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival. D．Thus，these wellequipped people survived because they were the fittest. E．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. F．However，we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards. G．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】　這是一篇議論文，作者探討為什么有人喜歡冒險，有的人害怕冒險，作者從人類早期入手展開探討，說明這一切都是由人的不同性格造成的。 1．F　本項的weigh risks and rewards與前文呼應(yīng)，屬關(guān)鍵詞再現(xiàn)。 2．C　本項的those things指的就是空格前一句中提到的hunting，fighting，or exploring；chance of survival與上文的early humans呼應(yīng)，因此選C。 3．A　前文說人們有各種不同的性格，有人喜歡賽車，有人討厭賽車，從語境的連貫看，這里選A表示“你是否喜歡賽車，主要是你的性格決定的”。 4．E　本項的“走出家庭，進(jìn)入更廣闊的世界”與上文的your teenage years呼應(yīng)。 5．G　結(jié)合空后的“...a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active，while...a part of the brain related to...”可知，這與G項的brains work differently和a nervous situation在內(nèi)容方面一致。 (2015新課標(biāo)Ⅰ) 主題：重建信任　詞數(shù)：243 Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.__1__ Trust is a risk.But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. Unfortunately，weve all been victims of betrayal.Whether weve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore.__2__ Its understandable，but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there. ●__3__ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing. ●__4__ If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”．At some point in all of our lives，well have our trust tested or violated. ●You didnt lose “everything”．Once trust is lost，what is left？Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.__5__ Instead，its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. A．Learn to really trust yourself. B．It is putting confidence in someone. C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D．Remember that you can expect the best in return. E．Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G．Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】　本文主要講述了當(dāng)人們在遭受背叛和欺騙后如何重建信任。 1．B　第一句說“信任是我們從以往經(jīng)歷中獲得的學(xué)習(xí)行為?！?，本句是對trust的解釋。選項B中的it指代上文剛出現(xiàn)的trust，并且繼續(xù)解釋trust的含義：putting confidence in someone(對某人寄托以信任)。選項B與第一句形成順承關(guān)系。 2．E　選項E與上下文都能形成因果關(guān)系。選項E“他們曾經(jīng)受過嚴(yán)重傷害，不能容忍這種事情再次發(fā)生”是上一句“Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore.(有時候人們不能再信任任何人。)”的原因，并且與下一句“Its understandable...”也能形成因果關(guān)系。正因為他們曾經(jīng)受過嚴(yán)重傷害，不能容忍這種事情再次發(fā)生，所以引出下一句“Its understandable...”。 3．A　空格位于段首，極有可能是祈使句。并且選項A“Learn to really trust yourself.”與空格后的“Having confidence in yourself”形成同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。trust yourself等于have confidence in yourself。 4．C　空格位于段首，極有可能是祈使句。下文說“如果你被背叛了，那么你是一個受害者。然而是受害者與以受害者的心態(tài)活著是有區(qū)別的”，選項 C“Stop regarding yourself as the victim.(不要把自己當(dāng)作受害者。)”就起到總結(jié)本段的作用，并且選項C中的victim一詞在下文反復(fù)出現(xiàn)多次，形成詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。 5．G　選項G“看到事情的積極方面并不意味著你對發(fā)生的事情視而不見。”與下一句“Instead，its a healthy way...”形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，并且選項中的positive與下文的positive形成原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。 【長難句分析】　But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.但是，做壞事的人將不負(fù)責(zé)修復(fù)錯誤，那么當(dāng)由這樣的行為所導(dǎo)致的關(guān)系缺少信任時，你就不能成功。 這是一個主從復(fù)合句。when引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句；狀語從句中含有一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句；定語從句中又含有一個where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 (2015新課標(biāo)Ⅱ) 主題：為馬拉松做準(zhǔn)備　詞數(shù)：182 Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs.__1__，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit.__2__.As always，you should stretch(伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries. During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day.__3__，it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.__4__.After two weeks，start timing yourself.__5__.Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race. A．After six days B．For a good marathon runner C．Before you begin your training D．With each day，increase the distance by a half mile E．If they still feel good，you can begin running in them F．Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training G．Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】　本文是說明文。馬拉松是需要耐力的，但是在跑馬拉松之前你應(yīng)該做一些必要的準(zhǔn)備工作。文章為我們介紹了跑馬拉松前的準(zhǔn)備工作。 1．C　根據(jù)下文“買雙最適合你的跑鞋”可以推知，前半部分應(yīng)該是“在開始你的培訓(xùn)之前”。故選C。 2．E　根據(jù)前面一句話，“當(dāng)你已經(jīng)找到看上去適合你的鞋子的時候，穿上幾天后再次核實一下是否合適”?？芍o接著應(yīng)該寫如果依然感覺很好的話，你就可以穿著這雙鞋跑步了。 3．A　根據(jù)前一句“During the first week...”可知本句應(yīng)該是表示在六天以后，休息一天是明智的。故選A。 4．D　上一句講在接下來的一周，每天設(shè)定一個目標(biāo)，每次跑步至少要1.5英里。由此可以推斷緊接著應(yīng)該是講每天再增加半英里的距離。 5．G　根據(jù)上文的距離和時間，可知下句應(yīng)該把“時間與距離”結(jié)合起來，只有G符合語境。 【長難句分析】　No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.沒人能說出哪個品牌最適合你或者最適合你的腳，因此當(dāng)你買鞋的時候，必須依靠你的體驗和對每雙鞋的感覺。 本句為主從復(fù)合句。which引導(dǎo)賓語從句，so引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。其中，rely on意為“依賴，依靠”。 (2015北京) 主題：白日做夢　詞數(shù)：243 This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant，especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing.Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them.They can seem forgetful and clumsy.__1__They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history.__2__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? First，understand that some opportunities(機(jī)會)for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.__3__ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming，try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple，like taking a shower or walking，or even making meaningless drawings. Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.“Mindfulness”，being focused，is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.__4__ Finally，you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.__5__ Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds. A．Having interesting things to think about also helps. B．They stare off into space and wander by themselves. C．Without wandering minds，we wouldnt have relativity，Coke or Postit notes. D．At one time，daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. E．It involves slow，steady breathing for selfcontrol that helps people stay calm and attentive. F．Daydreams are often very simple and direct，quite unlike sleep dreams，which may be hard to understand. G．Therefore，its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】　本文是說明文。本文介紹了白日做夢的利與弊，并指出在人類歷史上有許多偉大的想法或成就都是白日做夢促成的。同時文中也指出了如何避免白日做夢。 1．B　本句是對白日做夢的解釋。根據(jù)上文的“They can seem...”和下文的“They annoy us...”可知，所填的句子應(yīng)和上下文一致，B項符合這一特征。 2．C　本句的關(guān)鍵詞語是“some of the greatest ideas and achievements”，C項中的relativity，Coke or Postit notes正好與此相符。 3．A　上文的關(guān)鍵詞是help，選項A中的also help和上文的help相呼應(yīng)。兩句都介紹有助于做白日夢的情況。 4．E　上文談到，精力集中是一些人用來避免睡著的工具。由此可知，下面要談到如何才能集中精力，選項E中的“steady breathing...”便是具體的做法；另it指代mindfulness；選項中的attentive和前一句中的being focused同義。 5．G　根據(jù)上文的“你絕不會知道當(dāng)你慢慢走神的時候，你會想到什么樣的絕妙的主意。”，因此，要準(zhǔn)備好把你的想法記錄下來。 (2014新課標(biāo)Ⅰ) 主題：培養(yǎng)孩子優(yōu)秀的技能　詞數(shù)：240 The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.__1__ By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds. 1．Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious.__2__ Ask kids，“What ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？” and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better？What could we try next time? 2．Creativity True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.__3__ There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity. 3．Interpersonal Skills Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know whats going on inside our own head，but what about others？Being able to read people helps