嶺南版一年級下冊美術(shù)教案.doc

《嶺南版一年級下冊美術(shù)教案.doc》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《嶺南版一年級下冊美術(shù)教案.doc（56頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1?￠?tó?·éDDêà?? ?ì?§??±ê￡o ò??ê???àê??ì°?×?è??àμ??D?a???ˉoí?é?D?àμ?±í′????ˉ￡?òyμ??ùíˉ"1?éí×?è?oí?àê?×÷?·μ?D?ó?é?￡?ó??ò?ì?°ó?′ó쨱í′?×??oμ??Dêü"?￡ ??μ???μ?￡o Dàéí·éDD×÷?·￡?ì??é?àμ?à?è¤ò??ê???àê??ì°? ?D?a×?è??Dμ?é?2ê?￠?¨???￠D?×′ò??ê???àê??ì°? ??ê±￡o2??ê± ?ì?§1y3ì μúò???ê± ò??￠μ?è? 1?￠′′éè×?è??·?3￡oê÷á?￡?2Y′?￡??¨′?￡?3?ìá?? éè?ê￡oD??óó??ú?°?òê2?′￡? 2?￠′′éèóéμ???μ?ìì??μ??é?3?￡ò??ê???àê??ì°? éè?ê￡o??·￠??á?ê2?′￡??t?￠°?êé??ìa?￡ò??ê???àê??ì°? ?t?￠?2êúD??? 1?￠1?2ìó?????￡??ˉì???′e?? 2?￠D?×éòé??￡o·éDDμ???￡?×?óé×??ú￡?ìì??ò?í??T?ê￡??1?éò??′μ?μ???é??àà?μ?·??°?￡ 3?￠????ó?×?óé·￠??￡o ?òè??aìì??óDD?ê2?′￡?ê2?′ê?"?à"￡?ê2?′ê?"??"￡? éè??Dü??￡??üòy?§?°D?è¤?￡ ??μ?òyμ???D?ó?é?μ?×￠òa?￡ ?ìê|2?×÷?á???￡×aè???ò????· 4?￠??ì?·￠?1 1￡??￠1?2ì±è??2?í?μ?óòììμ???í?í? éè?ê￡o???ü?°?ò??????2?í?μ?é?2ê 2￡??￠éè?ê￡o3yá??àà?μ?ìì??￡??1?ü?′μ?ê2?′￡? 3￡??￠μ?éí′óê|ó??ùíˉ×÷?·?￡ éè?ê￡oé?ê?í????D??D?μ?·?ê1??2úéú"?é°??￠éú?ˉ?￠é????￠?a?2?￠?àà??￠??1?"μ??D??￡? ò?ê??ò′′?ìá???D??á·éμ?D??ó??￡? 5￡??￠????????￡oó?′ê×é?èê?????ê???′?à′??D?3??÷á|??μ?êó???Dêü?￡ ￡¨ì????￠o???òμμ?·￠?1￡? 6￡??￠?ˉê?±í′?￡o???ù?§?°?-?ò±í???á·éμ?D??ó??￡? 1?à??§éú′óμ¨·￠??￡?ìá3????a￡??ìê|2?×÷è?o?2??D?￡ òyμ??§éú×￥×?×??o?DD?è¤μ????ú￡??μ3?2￠?-3?×??o·éDDμ??????￡ 8￡??÷×é×é3¤×é?ˉ·′???à??￡o?éò?×?óé???????D?ˉì???DD?à???￡ ×??à￡????à1?à??￠×?D? μú?t??ê± ò??￠ ?§éú?μ?μé?ì???μ??§?°?úèY????ê2?′ê???￡?ì?ì?ì??á?￡ ?t?￠D?×é???ˉ￡??￥?à?μ?μ×??o·éDDμ????? èy?￠?§éú???ˉ￡?°??-ìí?-íê??￡?êμ??×??oμ?·éDDμ????￡ ???￠D?1??|???ˉ￡??§éú?????￥?à??á÷￡??￥?à??á÷×??oμ?????￡?ì??áà?è¤?￡ ???￠×ü?á￡?í????§éúé?ì¨?μ?μ??ê????ù?-3?×??oμ?·éDD????μ??￡ 1?à??§éú?à???ó￡?′′×÷?ü?àóDè¤μ????·?￡ ?ì?§oó??￡o 2?￠o￡μ×êà???à???? ?ì?§??±ê￡o 1?￠á??aóD1?μ?o￡?ó?aê??￡ 2?￠?áó??-3?μ??÷??o￡?óéú??μè×°ê??·?3?￡ 3?￠?ú?ì?§?D?à???§éúμ????ó?üá|?￡ ?ì?§??μ??ì?§??μ?￡o á??a?￠è?ê?o￡?ó￡????ó±í???ü???￡??o￡?óμ?è?ê??￠àí?a?￡ ??ê±￡o2??ê± ?ì?§1y3ì￡o μúò???ê± ò??￠òyè?D???￡o 1?￠2￥·?ò???óD1?o￡μ×μ?D?μ?ó°oíí??? ?ê￡oD??óó?￡??????aμà?a??D?1êê?·￠éú?ú??à??e￡? ￡¨o￡?ó??￡? ?????1?aμào￡?ó?DóDê2?′?e￡? ￡¨éoo÷?￠??2Y??￡? 2?￠?úo￡?ó?DóDêy2???μ?éú???￡?ü??óD′ó?1óD???′D?μ?￡??á±??￠?§±?íò?ˉ?￡ 3?￠??ìì?ò???íà′±í?????óo￡?óéú???￡ 4?￠°?êé??ìa￡?òyè?D????￡ ?t?￠?2êúD???￡o 1?￠è?ê??￠á??ao￡?óéú???￡ a?￠D??óó?￡??????aμào￡?óéú??óD??D??t?ù?e￡? ￡¨???t3?ê?o￡?óéú??í???￡? ￡¨???t????ó????DD??ò??DDí?￡? b?￠?ù?Y???tí?è??§éúè?ê?o￡?ó?D????μ?éú???￡ 2?￠??·￠áa??￡o a?￠D??óó?￡??????aμàμ??òé?óDê2?′?e￡? ￡¨é??￠o￡?￠oóá÷?￠??μ???￡? 3?ê?μ??òò?￡?2?í?μ???é?′ú±í2?í?μ?o?ò?￡?2?í?μ???ì?′ú±í2?í?μ?o?ò??￡???aμà??D?ê?ê?óúo￡?óμ???￡??aê2?′￡? b?￠o￡?ó?DóDoü?àéú??￡??ò??ó?èa??ê??′2????ü??μ?￡?D??óó?￡??ò?????úà′???óò???￡??ú??μ?D??D￡?????μ?éú???áê?ê2?′?ùμ???￡? ￡¨??μ??§éúì????￠ì?×??oμ??′·¨?￡￡? 3?￠è?o?±í??￡o a?￠3?ê?ò??-??￡??ùè??aê??ò??μ?o￡?ó?￡ b?￠?-é??ò??D??D???óμ?o￡?óéú???￡ c?￠???t3?ê?·??·￡???μ??§éúDàéí?÷???ˉááμ????óo￡?óéú???￡ 4?￠ o￡?óμ?μ?×o￡o a?￠?ò??μ?o￡?ó?a?′?à￡?è?1??ù??é?éoo÷??2Yμèμè???í?ü?àá??￡ b?￠ ???tDàéí×÷?· ?à1úò?ê??òμ?×÷?·￡?ê?μ?μ?o￡?óμ???·￠??′′×÷μ??￡ èy?￠?§éú???ˉ￡??-3?×??o???ó?Do￡?óéú??μ??t?ù?￡ μú?t??ê± ò??￠ ?§éú?μ?μé?ì???μ??§?°?úèY????ê2?′ê???￡?ì?ì?ì??á?￡ ?t?￠D?×é???ˉ￡??￥?à?μ?μ×??o???ó?Dμ?o￡?ó èy?￠?§éú???ˉ￡?°??-?-íê?? ???￠D?1??|???ˉ￡??§éú?????￥?à??á÷￡??￥?à??á÷×??o???ó￡?ì??áà?è¤?￡ ???￠×ü?á￡?í????§éúé?ì¨?μ?μ??ê????ù?-3?×??oμ?o￡?óéú??μ? ?÷D?×é?à?￥Dàéí?÷×éμ?×÷òμ￡?ò?′?μ??￥?à?§?°μ???μ??￡ 12í??à??3???ò?×éμ?×÷òμ×?óD′′òa?￡ 1?à??§éú?à???ó￡?′′×÷?ü?àóDè¤μ????·?￡ ?ì?§oó??￡o 3?￠??2êμ??Y?Y ?ì?§??±ê￡o 1?￠?à??ó×?ù?§?°??ó?2?í?2?á?μ????ü?￡ 2?￠3?·?·￠?óó×?ùμ?′′?ìá|?￠???óá|ò??°11í??üá|?￡ ?ì?§????μ?￡o ?§éú?ù?Y?Y?Yμ?D?ó?é???DD???ó￡?′′×÷3?ò?·ùóDè¤μ?×÷?·?￡ ???°×?±?￡o èy????é?μ?·ê?í???￠?ü1ü?￠èy??D????￠2ê±ê?￠?-????è?ò?·Y ??ê±￡o1??ê± ?ì?§1y3ì￡o ò??￠μ?è???ìa￡?òy?eD?è¤ 1?￠?ìê|′μ?Y?Y￡?òy?e?§éúμ?×￠òa?￡à?ê|±?′μ±?ìá?ê:"D??óó?￡?à?ê|?ú?éê2?′?"(′μ?Y?Y)"?Y?Yê?ê2?′D?×′μ?""(?2D?)""?Y?Y?à2??à?""?a?′?àμ??Y?Yò??á?ù?í?éá?￡??ò?????ù°??üá?×????"???§éúà′??°ì·¨(?????￠ó?±ê?-?￠???à??) ?t?￠òyμ??§éú?§?°?Y?Y?-μ???×÷·?·¨ (1)"D??óó???μ?°ì·¨??·?3￡o?￡?à?ê|ò2óD??°ì·¨°??Y?Yá?×?￡??????′"￡?à?ê|??3?°×??￡???·??ú×à??é?￡?′μ?Y?Y2￠°??ü?á?áμ????ú°×??é?￡???é?3???ò???ó?′óó??2μ??2D?o??￡?￡???§éú?′?′?a???Y?Y??ê2?′(??1??￠ì???)?￡à?ê|?ù?ú?2D?é?ìí?-??±êê1?ü±?3é??1??òê?ì???μ??ù×ó?￡ (2)ê|:"??1??￠ì???ê??2D?μ?￡?éú???D?1óD??D????÷ê??2D?μ????"(?¤?ò?￠?¨?￠ì?où???￠??×ó?￠?ó±í??) (3)??′y×÷?-òa?ó èy?￠?§éúá·?°￡o ê|:"D??óó??μμ???o?￡???ìì????à′ó??Y?Y×÷ò?·ù?-￡?×÷?-???°òa?è????????μ??Y?Yòa±?3éê2?′￡?è?oó?ùó??ü1ü?oé?2êé?μ?·ê?í??￡??á?á′μ?e?Y?Y??oó￡??y ?yμ????ú??μ?×÷òμ??é?￡?′y?-??é??￠?éoó￡??ùó?2ê±êìí?-￡???Dèòaê2?′?-?í°??Y?Y???úo?êêμ?????é?￡??a?ùμ??-2??à?￡" ???￠?§éú?aê?×÷?-￡?à?ê|??μ?×￠òa?-??òa?é??￡??§éú?o·ê?í??2?ò?1y?à?￡ ???￠?1ê??§éú×÷?·￡????§éú×??à?￠?￥?à￡??μ?μ??D?×÷?·?à￡?11í??é???￡ áù?￠à?ê|×ü?á?à??￡?±í??×÷òμè????￠?é??μ??§éú?￡ ?ì?§oó??￡o 4?￠??2êo? ?ì?§??±ê 1?￠á??a2êo?μ?D?×′?￠é?2ê??2êo??°??D?3é?-àí?￡ 2?￠?§?°ó???ì?±í??2êo??￡??2êo??úDàéí?￠3￠ê??￠ó??·ì??é???ˉ?D￡?è?ê?2êo?μ?D?×′oíé?2ê￡??y??2?ó?′′×÷???ˉ?￡ 3?￠?Dêü?àà?μ?2êo?￡???2êo?μ?D?×′D?3é?-àí?DD?è¤?￠?üó?D??óó?·??í′′×÷??2êo?μ?à?è¤?￡ ?ì?§??μ? ?§è??÷ìa??DD?òμ￥μ?é?2ê????′′×÷??2êo??￡ ?ì?§??μ? ??ó?é?2ê￡??-3?2êo?oíD?ìy2êo?μ?1êê??￡ ??ê±￡o1??ê± ?ì?§1y3ì ò??￠1?2ìó?·￠??￡¨????￡? 1?￠1?2ì2êo?μ?D?×′ó?é?2ê￡o???aμà?aê?ê2?′?e￡???2êo????ü?μò??μ2êo?óD??D???é??e￡? 2?￠·￠??2êo?μ?D?3é?°é?2êμ???áD1??é￡o???aμà?üê????ùD?3éμ??e￡??aD???é?μ???áDóD1??é?e￡? ?t?￠Dàéíó??àê? 1?￠?D??òa??μ??èê?￡o??2êo??aò?·ù?-óD??D?é?2ê￡??aD?é?2ê?D??D?ê??÷òaμ?é?2ê￡??aò?·ù?-óD??D???ì?￡??aD???ì?óD??óD??3tμ??-3?à′￡? 2?￠D?ê?μ??èê?ó?·???￡o?aò?·ù?-?DóDD?ê2?′D?×′￡??aD?D?×′ê????ù??áDμ?￡? 3?￠?à?Dó????μ?D??￡o???′?aò?·ù?-ê±óDê2?′?Dêü￡??-?òê????ù?-2êo?μ?￡??a·ù?-oí?????à±èóDê2?′2?í?￡?????μ??aò?·ù?-?-μ?o?2?o?￡?o?￡??aê2?′￡?2?o?￡??aê2?′￡? èy?￠????ó?′′×÷ 1?￠11??￡oè?o?′′×÷￡? 2?￠′′×÷￡o?-3?D??Dμ?2êo?1êê??￡ ???￠Dàéíó??à?? 1?￠?ˉì?Dàéí￡o?ò?ü′óμ¨?ééü×??oμ???·¨ó?′′òa?￡ ?ò?üDàéíó?×e??±eè?μ???ó?′′?ì?￡ 2?￠?μò??μ￡oD??Dμ?2êo?1êê??￡ 3?￠×??à￡¨òaμ?￡?￡o ?ò￡¨?aμà/2??aμà￡?2êo?ê????ùD?3éμ???2êo?￡? ?ò?ü?-3?￡¨ ￡?????é?μ?2êo??￡ ?ò￡¨?éò?/2??éò?￡??-3?D??Dμ?2êo?1êê??￡ ?ò￡¨?2??/2??2??￡?oíD??óó?·??í′′×÷?ìà??￡ ?ò￡¨?éò?/2??éò?￡??μ3?D??Dμ?2êo?1êê??￡ ?ì?§·′??￡o 5?￠?ìà?μ?D??? ?ì?§??±ê 1?￠á??a?ìà?μ?D???D???μ?D?ì??￠?á11?￠?¨???￠é?2ê￡??ìà?μ?D?????μ?ó?μ??￠???￠é?à′?-D???￡??aμàò?D?éúì??·?3μ??aê??￡ 2?￠?úDàéí?￠±è???￠±í?Y￡¨ìy?￠?μ?￠?Y￡??Dá??aD???￡??ìà?μ?D????à??ó???±í′??üá|oíéó?à?üá|￡?ì??÷D???μ??-·¨?￡ 3?￠?2??D???￡???μ?°??¤D???￡??￠?2??D???μ?D?ì?oíé?2ê￡??ìà?μ?D????üó?D??óó?·??í′′×÷μ?à?è¤?￡ ?ì?§??μ? ?§è?±????÷ìa??DD???-′′×÷á·?°?￡?ìà?μ?D??? ?ì?§??μ? ??ó?μ??￠???￠é??-3?2?í?D?ì?oí?¨??μ?D????￡ ??ê±￡o1??ê± ?ì?§1y3ì ò??￠??ìaμ?è?￡¨?Dêüó??¤è¤￡? 1?￠ìyò?ìy￡o′′éè?é?3￡??ìê|2￥·?ò?????′ó×?è?μ?éùò??·￡¨óDD????Déù￡?1??§éúDàéíoóì???￡o??ìyμ?á?ê2?′μ??Déù￡? 2?￠?′ò??′￡o?ìê|2￥·?ò???D???μ????????ò?1ê?í???￡?è?oóì???￡o???′μ?á???D?D???￡?óDê2?′?ù2?í?μ?D?ì?oí?¨??￡? 3?￠?μò??μ￡oòyμ??§éú?μ3?×??o??1yμ??￠?2??μ?D???μ?é?2êoíD?ì??￡ 4?￠?Yò??Y￡o?ìê|?òè?ì??§éú±í?Y?ìà?μ?D???μ??÷??×?ì?oí?ˉ×÷￡?????òyμ??§éúò?D?×é?aμ￥??±í?YD???μ?1êê??￡?ìà?μ?D??? ???ˉ°2?? ?t?￠???ˉò??￠￡¨?§?°ó?3￠ê?￡?￡o 1?￠?ìê|3?ê???ìa"?ìà?μ?D???"￡?í¨1y1?2ìòyμ??§éú??D???D?ì??á11￡¨í·?￠???￠×ì?￠éíì??￠3á°ò?￠?2°í?￠???￠óe???￠é?2ê?￠?¨??￡??￡ 2?￠D?×éo?×÷???á?ì2?￡?ì??÷D???μ??-·¨?￡ 3?￠·?D?×é3￠ê?D????óá|?-ó??·?￡ èy?￠???ˉ?t?￠?ìê|òyμ??§éúDàéí??±?×÷?·?D2?í?μ?ò?ê?±í??ê?·¨oí2?í?μ?D???D?ì?￡?í?ê±??·￠?§éú?é??ó?2?í?μ?1¤??2?á??￠ê?·¨￡?±í??2?í?D?ì??￠é?2ê?￠?¨??μ?D???D??ó￡?±í′?×??oμ??Dêü?￡ ???￠???ˉèy?￠￡¨o?×÷ó?±í??￡?￡o 1?￠?§éú×?óé×éo?￡?×é3éD?×é??DDo?×÷?§?°￡??ú′ó??é??-ò?èo?ìà?μ?D????ìà?μ?D????￡ 2?￠?ìê|D-×÷1??μ￡?°??ú?§éú?a??à§??￡?1?à??§éú′óμ¨′′D?￡?±í????D?ì???Dí×÷òμ￡?í?ê±1?à??§éúìí?óé?±3?°?￡ ???￠???ˉ??￡o￡¨·??íó??à??￡?￡o 1?￠?÷D?×é??×÷?·°ú·?μ??1???ú￡??ìê|×é?ˉ?§éú?￥?àDàéí￡?·??í′′×÷à?è¤?￡ 2?￠?§éúì??Dêüì??á￡o?ò?§?áá?ê2?′￡??ò??μ?á?ê2?′￡??òóDê2?′D?μ?·￠??￡??òóDê2?′o??¨òé￡? áù?￠??oó?óéì 1?à??§éú??oóê??ˉá??aóD1?D???μ?×êá?￡??2ò???D???μ?1êê??￡ ?ì?§·′??￡o 6?￠à￥3?í?1ú ?ì?§??±ê￡o 1?￠á??aò?D?3￡??à￥3?μ?íaD??￠é?2ê?￠??3??￠?°D?μè·???μ??aê??￡ 2?￠?¤·￠?§éú?ü??μ?ì??÷?§?°D?è¤oí°??¤?ˉ??μ??é?D?￡ ??μ???μ?￡o 1?￠?ü?ù?Yà￥3?2?í?μ?ì?μ??-3?2?í?à￥3?μ?×÷?·?￡ 2?￠?§éú?à??ê±?èê?μ??à???è?￡ ??ê±￡o2??ê± ?ì?§1y3ì￡o μúò???ê± ò??￠μ?è?D??? 1?￠?ìê|ê???ò???ò?ò??￡Díí???￡??ú?ìêòà?"·é"ò?è|?￡ ?ú′ó×?è?à?￡???òa??á?òa1?2ì￡????í?á·￠??DíDí?à?à?àà?μ?D?3??￡????óDμ??ú???D?á?è·é??￡?óDμ??ú2Y′??Dó??Dμ?é￠2?￡?óDμ??úμ??′à??|×?°á?ò￡?óDμ?è′?úê÷ò?é???????1a??????à?ê|?í′?áìí??§??×???????μ?à￥3?êà??￡?è￥?′?′?à×??à2êμ?D?à￥3??￡ 2?￠?ìê|2￥·????t￡??§éú1??′óD1?à￥3?μ?ó°???￡?ìê|°aêé??ìa?￡ ?t?￠?2êúD??? ?????′á??aD??àà?μ?à￥3?￡???×??2????ò???à￥3?￡??aê2?′?2????￡? 1?￠?§éú·?±e?èê?ò???×??o?2??μ?à￥3?￡?2￠?μò??μ?2??μ??-òò?￡ 2?￠?ìê|1é?é°?êé￡oD?×′?￠??é??￠?°D??￡è??§éú?÷°×á??aμ?òaμ??￡ à?ê|?aà?óDoü?àà￥3?￡??ü???íé??íòaà′μ??????D??á??￡???????￥?à?μò??μ?a??à￥3?￡?ì???íêoó??×é??ò???í??§à′?ééü?ü?￡ 3?￠?ìê|·￠????×é?§éúà￥3?μ?í???￡??§éú·?×éì???--è?o?à′?ééü?a??à￥3?￡???ò???í??§à′?ééü?￡ 4?￠?§éú?ééüíê??ò???à￥3?￡??ìê|?í?úêμ??í?ó°ò?é??í3????aò???à￥3?D??ó￡¨???-×÷?·￡??￡???§éú?′ê????ù±í??à￥3?μ?ì??÷μ??￡ 5?￠3?ê?×÷?·￡??′?′?-?ò??ê????ù±í??μ??￡ èy?￠±í?? 1?￠?ìê|?Yê??-3?à￥3??￡ò?±??-ò?±??21êê??é?ú?￡ 2?￠?§éú·?D?×é??DD???-￡??ìê|?2êó??μ??￡ μú?t??ê± ò??￠ ?§éú?μ?μé?ì???μ??§?°?úèY????ê2?′ê???￡?ì?ì?ì??á?￡ ?t?￠D?×é???ˉ￡??￥?à?μ?μ×??o?ù?-à￥3?μ?ì??÷ èy?￠?§éú???ˉ￡?°??-?-íê?? ???￠D?1??|???ˉ￡??§éú?????￥?à??á÷￡??￥?à??á÷×??o???ó￡?ì??áà?è¤?￡ ???￠?à??￡o í??§??×?3?á??a?′?à?ˉááμ?D?à￥3?￡??????′￡??ü???y?ú?aáa???á???￡è￥Dàéíò???￡?????ê??-￡??à?ú??à?￡? 1?￠???§éúμ?×÷?·??3?￡?ìù?ú?1ì¨é?￡??§éú·?×éDàéí2?1??￡ 2?￠?ìê|??òa??ò???"à￥3?"·??úí?ó°ò?é?￡?í??§???μò??μ??D?μ?·?o??′?￡×÷??×??o?μò??μ?§?áá?ê2?′￡? ?a?ú??????ê???oü′ó￡?????è?o?′|àí??μ?D?à￥3???￡?ê??í??o??óó?￡??1ê?·??ú?ò×÷D?°úéè￡??ò?íèóμ???￡? 3?￠òyμ??§éú??×÷?·±￡1üo??￡ ?ì?§oó??￡o 7?￠′óó?oíD?ó? ?ì?§??±ê 1?￠?aμà′óD???±è?￠êè?ü??±èμ????-±í??·?·¨￡?′óó?oíD?ó?2￠??μ???ó??￡ 2?￠?üó?D??óó?ò??e?-ó??￡ 3?￠?üó?D??óó?ò??e??DDò?ó??a?÷ìa′óó?oíD?ó?μ????ìDíó??·?￡ ?ì?§??μ? ò?′óD?ó?μ??ìDíó??-??113éó??·￡?′óó?oíD?ó??¤·￠D??óó?μ?±í??D?è¤?￡ ?ì?§??μ? ?§?°?-?￠°ú?￠??μ??ù±?·?·¨?￡ ??ê±￡o1??ê± ?ì?§1y3ì ò??￠′′éè?é?3￡o 1?￠?ú?§éú????è??ìêòê±?aê?2￥·???o￡μ××ü?ˉ?±?·?￡ 2?￠?μò??μ￡o??2??′μ?á???D?ó?￡?ê?ê2?′?ùμ?￡?2￠è??§éúó??ˉ×÷±í???￡ ?t?￠è??§éú?ééü×??o?ù?aμàμ?′óó?oíD?ó?￡?í?ê±?ìê|?úoú°?é?ó??ò±ê?-?-3?ó??￡?ú?-ê±×￠òa11í??￡′óó?oíD?ó???·￠?§éú×￠òaó?μ??-·¨?￡ èy?￠ó??§éú??á÷?÷??ò?ó??aìa2?μ??-μ?×÷?·?￡ ???￠2??????ˉòa?ó￡o·￠?ó???ó￡?×?óéμ??-3?×??o?2??μ?ó?￡?ò2?éò??±?ó?ú??é??°??3?ó?μ?D?×′￡??a?ü?-é??¨??￡?′?é??ˉááμ?"íaò?"?￡ ???￠?ìê|?úoú°?é?1′?-3??ò·?×é?±?ó?ú?í??é?×÷?-￡?′óó?oíD?ó?í?ê±2￥·?±3?°ò?à??￡ áù?￠×é?ˉ?à?ˉ′óo￡μ????ˉ￡o×é?ˉ2??ó?§éú?a×??o′′×÷μ?′ó?-ìí?ó?Dó?oí??2Yμè???￡ ?ì?§·′??￡o 8?￠D??ˉ??oí?è?è ?ì?§??±ê 1?￠?aê?ó????ü￡o ?üè?ê?3￡??μ???é?￡??üà?ó???ì?oíé?2ê??DD?ìDí?￡ 2?￠1y3ìó?·?·¨￡o ?ˉ×÷μ????ˉ?Dì??é?ˉ??????μ??D?é￡??ú1?2ì±è???Dàí?a′óó?D?μ?????￡?×??÷ì??÷ò???ì??a?÷μ????-±í′?·?·¨?￡ 3?￠?é?D?￠ì??è?￠???μ1?￡o ?μ??D??ˉ??oí?è?è?·μ?1êê?￡??üì??éD??ˉ??oí?è?è?úò??eμ??×?é￡??ü′óμ¨ê1ó?2?í?μ???ì?????×??o?2??μ??ˉ??D??ó×÷?-?￡ ?ì?§??μ?￡o è?ê??÷???ˉ??μ?D??ó￡?ì??á?ˉ??μ??×?éó?è?ààμ??×?é￡?±í???2??μ??ˉ???￡ ?ì?§??μ?￡o 1?óú?ˉ???×?éμ????ú±í′??￡ ?ì?§D?è¤μ?￡o ￡¨1￡? ?2ê??ˉ??--D?òòò??ò?è?èμ?1êê?￡? ￡¨2￡? ?￡·??ˉ???×?éμ??ˉ×÷￡? ￡¨3￡? ??×??oμ??-?eìa??￡?2￠?￥?à?ééü?￡ ?ì?§×?±? 1?￠ê??ˉ·′ó3"D??ˉ??oí?è?è"μ??×?éμ?1êê??￠í????￡ 2?￠???-1¤??oí2?á?￡?è??????￠??á??￠2êé?±êμè?￡ ??ê±￡o1??ê± ?ì?§???ˉ ò??￠??ì?μ?è?￡o?é?ˉ￡?ê|éúí?×?D???2ù?￡ 1?￠ì??°òyè?￡oáD?ùò???°?°??￠?è?è??ê±ê????ù1?D??￠°??¤????μ??e￡? 2?￠òy3?1êê?￡o?éê???ììóDò?èoD?òòò??ò2?μ?×??oμ??è?èá??￡è?1?ê????è?è2???á?￡????á???ù×?￡? 3?￠?μò??μ￡oD?òòò??ò?è?è??μ?á???D??ˉ??￡??ü??ê?ê2?′?ù×ó￡? 4?￠??ò???￡oμ±D?òòò???μ??è?èê±￡??ü?á???′×?￡? 5?￠òyμ??§éú???á?ì2?í???￡????§éú?μ3?oí±í?Y?ì2??Dμ??ˉ???￡?ìê|ìá?ê￡oóD??D?D??ˉ??oí?è?è?úò??e￡?￡¨D????￠D??￡?￠D?Dü?￠D??|?￠D??ú1ê?￠D??¨??￡?D??ˉ??oí?è?è?úò??e×?ê2?′￡????ü?￡·??ü??μ??ˉ×÷?e￡? 6?￠?§éú×??o±í?Y?ˉ??oó?μ3???3?￡??òóéí??§2?3??e??3??￡ ?t?￠??ì?·￠?1 1?￠?ìê|??·￠?§éú?μ3??ü?à×??o?2??μ?D??ˉ??￡?2￥·????t￡?DàéíD??ˉ??oí?è?è?úò??eμ?í????￡2￠òyμ?????×￠òaD??ˉ??μ???é?oí?ù±?μ?ì??÷￡?í?ê±???óò???1êê?￡?±í?YD??ˉ??oí?è?è?úò??eμ??ˉ×÷?￡?úò?à??Dó??§éúDàéí?à1?ìa2?μ??-?ò×÷?·?òó?D??§éú×÷òμ?￡ 2?￠ê|éú12í?·???ò?é?×÷?·μ??úèY?￠??ì?oíé?2ê￡???·￠?§éú?°?ò×??o?2??μ?D??óà′×÷?-?￡ 3?￠2????àê??§?°·?ê? ￡¨1￡????ˉò?￡o?§éú?μ3?×??o?2??μ?D??ˉ??￡?11??ò???1êê?2￠±í?Y?ˉ×÷?￡ ￡¨2￡????ˉ?t￡o×?óéμ??ú??é??-3?×??o?2??μ?D??ˉ??oí?è?è?úò??eμ?D??ó￡?2￠?úí??Dêêμ±?????òμ￥D′3?1êê??úèY￡?ò?D?×é?aμ￥??￡??ú×??÷???ˉê?μ??ù′?é?o?×÷íê3éò?·ùóD?÷ìaμ?×÷?·?￡ èy?￠·′???à?? ?1ê??§éú×÷òμ￡??§éú?à??3?×??o?2??μ?×÷òμ￡?2￠?μ3?àíóé?￡?ìê|D??á?￡ ???￠??oó?óéì ó??????ò?×è?·??í×??oμ?×÷?·?￡èúè??òí￥μ??àê??ìóy?￡??DD°??¤?ˉ??μ??ìóy?￡ ?ì?§oó??￡o ?ì?§??μ?￡o ?à???§éúμ?1?2ì?üá|￡?·￠?1?§éúμ????ó?üá|￡??¤·￠?§éú?§?°?àê?μ?D?è¤?￡ ?ì?§??μ?￡o è??§éúè?ê?o￡?Yμ?íaD??á11￡??ü?-3?±è??×?è·μ?o￡?YD?×′?￡ ?ì?§??μ?￡o ?à???§éúμ????ó?üá|￡?è??§éú?üéè??3?±è??o?μ??¨???￡ ?ì?§×?±?￡o·?′ó?μ?￠óD1?o￡?Yμ?×êá??￠í???￡?êμ??μè?￡ ??ê±￡o1??ê± ?ì?§1y3ì￡o ò??￠ì??°òyè?￡o o￠×ó??￡?????è￥1yo￡±??e￡??úo￡ì2é?ê?·?·￠??′óo￡?í????μ?à?????￡?óD??D???￡?′ó??òy3???ìa?￡ ?t?￠è??§éú′μò?′μ?￠?′ò??′?￠?μò??μ?￡ ?ú???ˉ?Dòyμ??§éú1?2ìo￡?Yêμ???òí???￡??ééü×??oêì?¤μ?o￡?Y?￡ èy?￠è??§éúDàéí×÷?·￡??ú??D??Yo??·ò?à??DDàéí?÷??o￡?Yμ?í????ò×÷?·￡??òòyμ??§éú???á2?á??￠±è??o￡?Yêμ??ó?×°ê????-μ?òìí??￡ ???￠ó??§éú12í?·???o￡?Yμ?±í????àíì??÷￡??′?°é??§?ú"?à??μ?D?êà??"??ìa￡??Yê?ó?·?′ó?μ1?2ìo￡?Y￡?ìáê??§éú?éò?à?ó?????ê???1?2ì￡?ó?×??o?2??μ???ì?è￥?-ò??-o￡?Y?￡ ???￠òyμ??§éú′óμ¨μ???DD???ó?￠′′×÷￡???ó??÷???2?￠·??￠?aμè?ù±?D?￡????üìíé??àà?μ??¨???￡ áù?￠?§éú′′×÷￡??ìê|?2???¨μ??￡ ???￠×÷òμ?1ê?￡?12í?Dàéí￡?òyμ??§éú??DD?à??￡??ìê|D??á?￡￡¨?éè??§éú?ééü×??oμ?×÷?·￡??òí??§?????à?￥Dàéí×÷?·?￡￡? ?ì?§oó??￡o ?ì?§??μ?￡o ?à???§éúμ?1?2ì?üá|￡?·￠?1?§éúμ????ó?üá|￡??¤·￠?§éú?§?°?àê?μ?D?è¤?￡ ?ì?§??μ?￡o è??§éú?ü1?2ì3?o￡D?μ?íaD?oí???ù￡?2￠?ü1é?é3?o￡D?μ?ì?μ??￡ ?ì?§??μ?￡o ?§éú?ü?ù?Y×??oμ?òa??￡???3??àà?μ?o￡D??￡ ?ì?§×?±?￡oo￡D?μ?í????￠?§éú×÷?·?°ê?·?ó??·?￡ ??ê±￡o1??ê± ?ì?§1y3ì￡o ò??￠′′éè?é?3￡o 1?￠?21êê?òyè?￡oò?ììé?μ?D?D?μ???′óo￡±?3éá?o￡D??aìa￡?±àò???1êê??2??o￠×ó??ìy?￡ 2?￠?ìê|ì??°òy3?o￡D?￡o??ìì￡??a??1êê??Dμ??÷??ò2à′μ?á??ò??μ??ìê|×??í￡?′ó?ò??ó-￡? 3?￠?ìê|??3?o￡D?μ?±ê±?￡?°??Yo￡D?￡?òyμ??§éú′ó?úμ?ía×D??μ?1?2ìo￡D?μ?ì?μ??￡?ìê|￡o???aμà?òê????′×??·μ??e￡??òμ??ù×óê?2?ê?oüì?±e°?￡????′?òóD??????°?￡?￡¨?§éú1?2ìo￡D?μ?íaD?oí???ù￡?1é?é3?o￡D?μ?ì?μ?￡??μ3?o￡D?μ?±í????àíì??÷?￡￡? ?t?￠3￠ê?±í??￡o 1?￠?ìê|?1ê??÷??o￡D?êμ???￠í????òí???è??§éúDàéí?￡?ìê|￡o?òóDDí?àμ?D?μü??????￡?2?D?￡??????′?￡ 2?￠?ìê|òyμ??§éúDàéí?ì2??Dμ?×÷?·￡?3￠ê??ò3?2?í?μ?±í??·?ê?￡¨μ￥é???ì??-?￠×?é???ì??-?￠??·??-μè￡?￡?2￠ó?êμ??×÷±è??￡??ò3?o￡D?íaD?oí?¨??μ?ì?μ??￡ 3?￠?ìê|·???′′×÷o￡D?μ?2??è￡¨?è?-3?o￡D?μ?íaD??￠è?oó?ú?÷ì?D?×′é?ìíé?×°ê??￡￡? 4?￠1?à??§éú′óμ¨???ó￡??μ3?×??o???ó3?à′μ?o￡D??￡￡¨ê|?μ￡o?ò?1óDDí?à?×?Y3¤μ??ú?ò2?ò??ù￡????ü??3??ü??μ??ù×óà′?e￡?￡? èy?￠′′?ì±í??￡o 1?￠?ìê|2??????ˉòa?ó￡?×é?ˉ?§éú×?óé?-?-?￡?ìê|￡o′??÷μ?D??óó?￡???ììê??ò??o￡D??ò×?μ????áê±??￡?à′á?oü?ào￡D?￡????ü°??????-??à′?e￡? 2?￠?§éúá·?°￡??ìê|?2???¨μ??￡ ???￠×÷òμ?à??￡o 1?￠?ˉì??1ê?o￡D?×÷?·￡??￥?àDàéí￡?·￠±íòa???￡ 2?￠?￡·??￠°??Yo￡D??ò×????áμ?ó??·?￡ ?ì?§oó??￡o ?ì?§??μ?￡o è??§éúí¨1yDàéí?÷???ˉ??μ?í???×êá?￡?è?ê??ü???÷×?μ?ì??÷￡??ù??DD·á??μ????ó￡??à???§éúμ????????ó?üá|￡??à???§éúμ????????ó?üá|?￡ ?ì?§??μ?￡o è?ê??÷???ˉ??μ?ì??÷?￡ ?ì?§??μ?￡o ?à???§éúμ????????ó?üá|￡??à???§éúμ????????ó?üá|?￡ ?ì?§×?±?￡o ?÷???ˉ??μ?í???×êá??￡ ??ê±￡o1??ê± ?ì?§1y3ì￡o ò??￠ì??°òyè??￡oó?ìê|?1ê?êy??3￡??μ??ˉ??í???￡?òyμ??§éú?μ3??aD??ˉ??μ?ì??÷?￡ ?t?￠?ìê|?1ê?áúμ?í????ò?￡Dí￡?òyμ??§éú·???áúμ?113é?￡￡¨ìáê?￡oáúê?óé12???ˉ??o?3éμ?￡?ò2?íê???óD12???ˉ??μ?ì??÷?￡￡? èy?￠?ìê|?1ê?ê|éú12í?ê??ˉμ?o￡?óéú??μ?×êá?￡¨è?o￡?í?￠o￡áú?￠o￡?Y?￠o￡D?μè￡?￡?òyμ??§éú·?±e?μ3??ü???÷×?μ?ì?μ?￡??ìê|×÷213??￡ ???￠?ìê|òyμ??§éú???ó￡?è?o???êy??o￡?óéú??μ?ì??÷￡?óD????μ??áo?3éò???ó??ú2?í?μ?o￡?óéú???￡￡¨ìáê??§éú￡o????o?3é?àéù??o￡?óéú??μ?ì??÷￡?o?3éμ?o￡1??ü×?D?ê2?′￡?￡?òyμ??§éú11??′óo￡1?μ?D?×′?￡ ???￠è??§éú·?D?×é?μ?μ×??oD??D×?±?éè?????ùμ?′óo￡1??￡ áù?￠?ìê|?μ?÷×÷òμμ?òa?ó￡??§éú??DDá·?°￡??ìê|?2???¨μ??￡￡¨ìáê?￡oò??3ò???o￡?óéú??μ??ìDí?a?÷ì?￡?ìí?óóDì?μ?μ?????éú??μ?′óμ??á11￡???±??÷ì?μ?í·2??￠??ì?ó???2?·??÷1ùμ??ìDí?￡?aè?ò2ê?ò???′′D?μ?o?·?·¨￡?o￡1??á±?μ??üé????üóDè¤?￡￡? ???￠×÷òμ?à??￡o?ìê|×é?ˉ?§éú?ˉì??1ê?o￡1?×÷?·￡??￥?àDàéí?￠?￥?à?à???￡ ?ì?§oó??￡o 12?￠?ˉ??μ??¨ò?é? ?ì?§??±ê￡o á??a3￡??μ??ˉ??μ??¨??￡?é?2ê·￠?°×??ò±￡?¤μ??aê?￡??¤·￠?§éúì??÷?§?°μ?D?è¤oí°??¤?ˉ??μ??é?D?￡ ?ì?§??μ?￡o ?§éú?ü?ù?Y×??oμ???·¨è￥???ˉ??ìíé??¨ò?é??￡ ?ì?§??μ?￡o ?§éú???ˉ??ìíμ??¨??òaì?±e?￠é?2êòao??′?￡ ?ì??×?±?￡o???t?￠·??·?￠?ˉ??μ?íaD??￠±3?°?￡ ??ê±￡o2??ê± ?ì?§1y3ì￡o ò??￠μ?è?D???￡o 1?￠?????aμà?e￡??ú′ó×?è?à?￡???òa????á?òa1?2ì￡??í?á·￠??DíDí?à?à?é°?μ??ˉ??￡?????óDμ??ú???D·é?è￡?óDμ??ú2Y′??Dé￠2?￡?óDμ??úê÷ò?é?é1ì???￡??1óDμ??úo￡μ×à??tó?￡?????à?ê|?í′?×?í??§??×????ˉ??μ?êà??￡?è￥?′?′°?′??¨ò?é?μ??ˉ???￡?ìê|°?êé??ìa?￡ 2?￠3?ê??ˉ??í???μ?ò?2?·Y￡?ê|?μ￡o"?????aμà?????ˉ???2??′??a?ùμ??¨ò?é?μ???￡?"?§éú??′e￡¨o?μ??￠?×è??￠°??í?￠±a??￡?￡?′ó?ò??oü′??÷￡?è???2???á??￡￡¨?ú?§éú2?μ?ê±oòí?ê±è??§éúDàéíμ??a?????ˉ??μ??¨??ì??÷?￡￡? a) à?ê|??μ???ò????ˉ??μ??¨ò?é?×?é???μ???￡?￡¨±?é?áú￡?±?é?áú?éà÷o|??￡??ü??è￥μ?ò???μ?·?￡??üμ??¨ò?é??í?á?ú×?μ±ê±μ??·?3±?3éáíò?????é??￡ b) 3?ê?í???￡?è??§éú?Dêü±?é?áúμ?à?o|?￡ c) è?oóD??á￡o3yá?±?é?áú￡??1óDoü?à?ˉ??éíì?μ???é?3￡3￡ó??ü?§μ??·?3?à??￡???μ??íê??aá?±￡?¤×??o￡?2?èYò×±?μDè?·￠???￡?ùày?μ?÷?￡ 3?￠?2êúD???￡o a) ?′á??a?′?àμ??ˉ??￡???×??2????ò????ˉ??μ??¨ò?é???￡??aê2?′?2????￡?￡¨é?2ê?à?￠?¨???à￡????′μ?á?ê2?′o??′μ???é???￡?￡¨oìμ??￠??μ??￠×?μ?????áùé?￡???ó??′μ?á?ê2?′?¨????￡?￡¨μ??￠???￠??×éo?￡??￡ b) ?????aμà?e￡??¨??·??aá???￡oμ￥?àμ????ùoíá?D?μ????ù?￡μ￥?àμ????ùê???ò???ò???μ￥?à·??aμ????ù￡??ìê|3?ê?·?ày￡??ùè??§éú??DD′′×÷?￡á?D?μ????ùê???ò???á??ó×?áíò???2????aμ????ù￡?oóè??§éú??DD′′×÷?￡￡¨è???±e?§éúμ?oú°?é??-￡? 4?￠±í????ó?￡o ￡¨1￡?3?ê?±3?°￡?ê|￡o"?′￡??aà?μ??°é??à?à°?￡??éê??ˉ??????è￥??á???￡???￡??-à′?ü??μ??¨ò?é?2???á?￡?D?à?×??±μ?oü??￡??????ü°?°??|￡????ü??ìíé??¨ò?é?￡?è??????ü????D?D?μ??ü3?à′￡?o??e￡? ￡¨2￡?é????°??￡?à?ê|ò??-??á?á???D??óó?°??|￡???D??ˉ??ìíé?á??¨ò?é?￡??????′￡??ˉáá?e￡? ￡¨3￡?????óD??óDD?D?ìíμ?±è?????üo?