高三英語復習 動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)講義

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動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)補充內(nèi)容 一. 動詞的時態(tài) 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法 1） 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。 　 The earth moves around the sun. 　 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 Columbus proved that the earth is round. 2） 表示格言或警句。 　 Pride goes before a fall.　驕者必敗。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 3） 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。 　 I dont want so much. 　 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 4）在here, there 開頭的句子里表示現(xiàn)在瞬間的動作。 Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. 5）用于新聞標題、體育解說詞、舞臺指導、說明等。 China declares manned spaceflight successful. Now, look, I press the button and turn on the machine. 2. 一般過去時的用法 1）在一些虛擬語氣中的運用。 It is time you went to bed.　　　 　 Id rather you came tomorrow. I wish I had a better memory. 2）在時間和條件狀語從句中，代替過去將來時。 Mother said I couldn’t watch TV before my homework was finished. 3）情態(tài)動詞 could, would表示委婉語氣。 　　　Could you lend me your bike? Would you help me? 4) used to do/ would 　　 used to do “過去常?！?，表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)。 You used to sleep with the window open, usedn’t/didn’t you? People used to believe that the earth was flat. would只能用于表示過去習慣性的動作，而不能用于表示過去的狀態(tài)。 When he was young, he would rise early and take a walk before breakfast. 3. 一般將來時 、 過去將來時的用法 1）表示臨時決定在短暫的將來馬上要做某事，用will ---You haven’t turned off the air-conditioner. ---Sorry. I will turn it off. 2) 表示具有某種功能用will(能，可以) Each bench will seat five persons. The door won’t open. 3）was/were going to do sth. 表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的打算或意圖等。 ---You should have come to the meeting yesterday evening. ---I was going to, but my mother suddenly fell ill and I had to send her to hospital. 4）注意以下結構： was/were about to do…when… was/were on the point of doing…when… I was about to go to bed/on the point of going to bed when the telephone rang. 5）be going to / will 用于條件句時，be going to表示計劃、打算, will表意愿。 If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you. 4. 進行時的用法 1）不與時間狀語連用，表示逐步發(fā)展。 It is getting darker. The wind is rising. 2) 將來進行時, 表示將來某時刻或某段時期正在進行的動作。 They will be waiting for you at the school gate from ten to eleven tomorrow morning. 注意：不用進行時的動詞 1）表示事實狀態(tài)的動詞, 如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。 I have two brothers. 　　 This house belongs to my sister. 　 2）表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞, 如：know, realize, think，see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。 I need your help. 　 3）瞬間動詞, 如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。 　　 I accept your advice. 　 4）系動詞, 如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn 等。 　　 You seem a little tired. 5. 現(xiàn)在完成時的用法 （since的四種用法） 　 1） since +過去一個時間點（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點） 　 I have been here since 1989. 2） since +一段時間+ ago 　 I have been here since five months ago. 　 3） since +從句 　 Great changes have taken place since you left. 　 Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走后，變化可大了。 He went to Canada in 1989 and has lived there ever since. 　 4）It is / has been +一段時間+ since從句 　 It is / has been two years since I became a postgraduate student. It is two years since I lived in this town. 6. 過去完成時的用法 1）以下動詞hope, expect, intend, mean, want, think, suppose等，可用過去完成時表示“原本要做某事”， 但結果未做成，即表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。 I had thought that they would leave for London next Monday. 2）下列動詞hope, expect, intend, want, mean(打算，意欲)等,也可接動詞不定式的完成式以表示原本要 做某事, 但未能做成。 She intended to have helped me, but she was too busy yesterday. =She had intended to help me, but she was too busy yesterday. 注意： 1）was/were to have done sth. 原本打算做某事，但未做成 2) 類似的還有以下結構：Would like/love to have done sth. ---Did you go to see the film “Titanic” yesterday? ---I would like to have (gone to see it), but my mother suddenly fell ill and I had to attend her. 7. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時的用法 1）表示以前一直在進行的一個動作，這個動作可能已停止，也可能還在進行。 How long has it been raining? 2) 表示延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并經(jīng)常重復的動作 We have been seeing quite a lot each other recently. All the years they have been contributing articles to our magazine. 3) 用于得出結論 You look thin and tired. You have been working too hard. 二．動詞的語態(tài) 動詞的語態(tài)一般不單獨考，而是和時態(tài)、語氣和非謂語動詞一起考，還要注意以下考點。 考點一：不定式在某些形容詞(easy,hard, difficult, light, heavy, safe, dangerous, comfortable, pleasant)后作狀語且和句子主語(或賓語)構成邏輯上的動賓關系時，用主動形式 表示被動含義。 The long essay is too difficult to understand. He found the math problem easy to work out. 考點二：動詞say, report, announce, believe, suppose, consider, expect, hope, know等以it作 形式主語時用被動語態(tài)，后面接that從句。 It is said/reported/announced that our team has won the game. 考點三：make/see/hear sb. do sth.(賓語補足語) → be made/seen/heard to do sth.(主語補足語) Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard. 考點四：sth. need/want/require to be done → sth. need/want/require doing The serious situation needs/wants/requires paying attention to. 考點五：sth. be worthy to be done/of being done → sth. be worth doing The science fiction has a twisted plot and is well worth seeing. 考點六：不定式to blame, to let等表示被動含義。 It is not I but he that is to blame. The vacant apartment is to let.