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摘要
破碎機(jī)的類型有很多種,它們都是以沖擊作用的原理來(lái)破碎物料。錘式破碎機(jī)是破碎機(jī)中的是一種,它是利用高速回轉(zhuǎn)的錘頭沖擊物料,使物料沿自然裂縫、層理面和節(jié)理面等薄弱處而破碎的破碎機(jī)械。單轉(zhuǎn)子可逆式錘式破碎機(jī)一般用于對(duì)含水量小于12%,抗壓強(qiáng)度小于120Mpa的脆性物料進(jìn)行破碎。因結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單(主要由主軸、上下機(jī)殼、錘頭、錘盤、襯板、篩板、聯(lián)軸器、電動(dòng)機(jī)等零部件組成)、生產(chǎn)效率高、使用維修方便、成本低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)被廣泛地用于水泥、洗煤、化工、電力、冶金等工業(yè)部門,主要用來(lái)對(duì)石灰石、煤、焦炭、頁(yè)巖、石膏、爐渣等中硬和軟物料進(jìn)行中、細(xì)破碎。
此類型單轉(zhuǎn)子可逆式錘式破碎機(jī)與傳統(tǒng)的同類破碎機(jī)相比,在結(jié)構(gòu)上有如下幾點(diǎn)創(chuàng)新與改進(jìn):
(1)、改變了傳統(tǒng)破碎板(襯板)為一塊平板的設(shè)計(jì)方案,采用截面形狀為梯形的三塊板拼接而成,使其整個(gè)破碎板面形成若于個(gè)刀口,提高破碎生產(chǎn)率。隨時(shí)可根據(jù)各塊襯板的磨損程度而單獨(dú)更換,降低了成本。
(2)、篩板為兩塊拼接而成,提高其剛度,維修更換方便;
(3)、設(shè)計(jì)了出料斗,使此破碎機(jī)既可用于較大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的自動(dòng)出料,也可用于中小規(guī)模的人工出料;
(4)、錘頭與錘桿可拆卸,在工作過(guò)程中可根據(jù)各錘頭的磨損情況單獨(dú)更換,且在更換錘頭時(shí)不需要將機(jī)殼取下,從出料口方可更換錘頭,大大減少了更換錘頭時(shí)間,提高了生產(chǎn)率;
(5)、在機(jī)殼內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)了除塵噴水頭,當(dāng)在破碎粉塵較大的物料時(shí)可打開噴水頭,這樣不但減少了粉塵對(duì)工作人員身體健康的影響,也更利于環(huán)保。
關(guān)鍵詞:破碎機(jī)械、擠壓破碎、劈裂破碎、折斷彎曲破碎、沖擊破碎、單轉(zhuǎn)子可逆式錘式破碎機(jī)
II
ABSTRCT
There are many kinds of breakers.They are all wouked to cut off the materials by the function of shock principle.Hammer crusher is one kind of it.It`s a machine that used the fast speed turn around the hammer head to shock the materials let it breaking along the nature leak side and other weak places.Signal-rotor reversible hammer crusher ususlly used to cut off the brittleness,materials only in this situation:water content less than 12% and compression,strength less than 120Mpa.because of the simple construction(major assembled by Arbor、Cabinet、Hammer head、Backing、Siere plate、Coupling shaft、Electric driven machine)high productivity,use convincemt and maintentance easily,low production costs…All those adventages are wildly used in Cement、Coal industry、Chemical industry、Electric power,metalltpgy department.Major used it to cut off the mineral、Coal、Charred coal、Shale、Gypstm、Fumace cinder.
Cinder ane other soft or semi-hard materials.Compare with the traditional kind of breakers,this kind of single-rotor reversible hammer crusher have some creation and improvement.there are five ponts:
1)、Exchange the traditional design that only have one breaking plate.It`s connected by three parts of step share in its cross.The breaking side have several blades,improved the breaking productivity.In this way,backing can renewal one or more pieces according to the wear-out failure situation,reduce the expense.
2)、Sieve plate are get together by two pieces,increase the rigidity and easy to maintentance;
3)、Edsigned the chute bosh,made this breaker can either used in large quantity production or small quantity production;
4)、The hammer head and the head lever can disassemale.In the process of working,according to the hammer head`s wear-out failure situation renewal it.This new technology can contribute to reduce the renewal time and improve the productivety;
5)、It design a lance which can get rid of dust in the cabinet .When breaking the materials that have a large dust,the lance will automotive opened.It can reduce the dust,good for workers health and the environment.
Keywords: Breaking machinery、Extrusion breaking、Rend breaking、Breakaway and bend breaking、Attack breaking、Hammer crusher of a rotor and can back-spin
7
目 錄
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
英文摘要 …………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
第1章緒論(破碎機(jī)械概述) ………………………………………………1 1.1破碎機(jī)械用途及破碎理論 ……………………………………………………1
1.1.1破碎機(jī)械概念 …………………………………………………………1
1.1.2破碎機(jī)械用途…………………………………………………………1
1.1.3破碎理論………………………………………………………………2
1.2破碎機(jī)械分類和運(yùn)用范圍 ……………………………………………………5
1.2.1分類……………………………………………………………………5
1.2.2運(yùn)用范圍………………………………………………………………6
1.2.3各種破碎機(jī)械的主要破碎作用………………………………………6
1.3 破碎機(jī)械的發(fā)展現(xiàn) …………………………………………………………7
1.4破碎機(jī)械市場(chǎng)前景 …………………………………………………………7
第2章單轉(zhuǎn)子可逆式錘式破碎機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ………………………………………8
2.1行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀 ……………………………………………………………………8
2.2生產(chǎn)需求情況 ………………………………………………………………8
2.3設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新點(diǎn) …………………………………………………………………9
2.4用途、類型和工作原理 ………………………………………………………9
2.4.1用途……………………………………………………………………9
2.4.2類型……………………………………………………………………9
2.4.3工作原理………………………………………………………………9
2.5破式破碎機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu) ……………………………………………………………10
2.5.1單轉(zhuǎn)子不可逆式錘式破碎機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu) ………………………………10
2.5.2單轉(zhuǎn)子可逆式錘式破碎機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu) ………………………………11
2.6單轉(zhuǎn)子可逆式錘式破碎機(jī)主要參數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ……………………………11
2.6.1主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的選擇與計(jì)算 ………………………………………11
2.6.1.1轉(zhuǎn)子直徑與長(zhǎng)度………………………………………………11
2.6.1.2進(jìn)料口寬度長(zhǎng)度………………………………………………12
2.6.1.3排料口尺寸……………………………………………………12
2.6.1.4錘頭類型及質(zhì)量的選擇………………………………………12
2.6.2主要工作參數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 …………………………………………13
2.6.2.1轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速的計(jì)算………………………………………………13
2.6.2.2生產(chǎn)率計(jì)算……………………………………………………13
2.6.2.3電動(dòng)機(jī)功率計(jì)算………………………………………………14
2.7主要零件設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 …………………………………………………………15
2.7.1主軸 …………………………………………………………………15
2.7.2錘頭銷 ………………………………………………………………23
2.8聯(lián)軸器選擇……………………………………………………………………24
2.8.1聯(lián)軸器類型的選擇 …………………………………………………24
2.8.2聯(lián)軸器型號(hào)的選擇 …………………………………………………24
2.9鍵的選擇 ……………………………………………………………………25
2.9.1鍵強(qiáng)度校核 …………………………………………………………25
2.9.1.1主動(dòng)軸端鍵強(qiáng)度校核…………………………………………25
2.9.1.2從動(dòng)軸端鍵強(qiáng)度校核…………………………………………26
3.1噴水管設(shè)計(jì)及選擇 …………………………………………………………………27
3.2聯(lián)軸器安全螺栓直徑確定 ……………………………………………………………28
3.3軸承選擇及基本額定壽命計(jì)算…………………………………………………………29
第3章單轉(zhuǎn)子可逆式錘式破碎機(jī)控制電路設(shè)計(jì) ……………………………30
3.1設(shè)計(jì)原理 ……………………………………………………………………30
3.2破碎機(jī)控制電路原理 …………………………………………………………30
3.2.1破碎機(jī)控制電路邏輯表達(dá)式 ………………………………………30
3.2.2破碎機(jī)控制電路原理 ………………………………………………31
3.3元器件選擇……………………………………………………………………31
第4章單轉(zhuǎn)子可逆式錘式破碎機(jī)安裝調(diào)試使用說(shuō)明書…………………………33
4.1混凝土機(jī)座設(shè)計(jì) ………………………………………………………………33
4.2安裝過(guò)程………………………………………………………………………33
4.3調(diào)試及維修……………………………………………………………………34
4.3.1調(diào)試 …………………………………………………………………34
4.3.2維修 …………………………………………………………………34
第5章結(jié)論…………………………………………………………………………35
設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)……………………………………………………………………………36
參考文獻(xiàn)……………………………………………………………………………37
致謝…………………………………………………………………………………38