【機(jī)械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對(duì)照文獻(xiàn)翻譯】LED的發(fā)展前景和現(xiàn)狀【word英文3496字7頁(yè)word中文翻譯4991字4頁(yè)】

【機(jī)械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對(duì)照文獻(xiàn)翻譯】LED的發(fā)展前景和現(xiàn)狀【word英文3496字7頁(yè)word中文翻譯4991字4頁(yè)】,機(jī)械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對(duì)照文獻(xiàn)翻譯,word英文3496字7頁(yè),word中文翻譯4991字4頁(yè),機(jī)械類,畢業(yè)論文,中英文,對(duì)照,對(duì)比,比照,文獻(xiàn),翻譯,led,發(fā)展前景,以及,現(xiàn)狀,word,英文,中文翻譯 中文譯文 LED的發(fā)展前景和現(xiàn)狀 LED注定了其巨大的市場(chǎng)將發(fā)展成為一個(gè)巨大的產(chǎn)業(yè)?？傮w而言，在規(guī)模在國(guó)內(nèi)同行業(yè)一直不理想，典型案例就是集成電路產(chǎn)業(yè)和液晶面板產(chǎn)業(yè)，國(guó)內(nèi)集成電路產(chǎn)業(yè)之間的人現(xiàn)在是尾巴，液晶面板行業(yè)是千瘡百孔與生病，技術(shù)復(fù)雜，大投資和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施薄弱是主要原因，而LED產(chǎn)業(yè)將打破詛咒，并能帶來(lái)的升級(jí)換代行業(yè)，如LCD驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片在國(guó)內(nèi)同行業(yè)中根本不開車，因?yàn)橐壕姘逍袠I(yè)的國(guó)家的支持，因?yàn)榫薮蟮氖袌?chǎng)，LED驅(qū)動(dòng)IC，預(yù)計(jì)在全國(guó)蓬勃發(fā)展，促使國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)做大做強(qiáng)，這反過(guò)來(lái)將促進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)LCD驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片或其他芯片驅(qū)動(dòng)開發(fā)。中國(guó)的LED產(chǎn)業(yè)是目前一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)在于，一個(gè)LED產(chǎn)品的國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)和海外的技術(shù)水平有是一個(gè)一定的差距追求高端客戶中處于不利地位;二，在國(guó)內(nèi)IC制造業(yè)基地相比，日本，這些強(qiáng)大的LED薄弱地區(qū)，韓國(guó)和臺(tái)灣的LED外延，芯片制造能力，技術(shù)水平和外部支持的一些材料差，學(xué)習(xí)曲線較長(zhǎng)會(huì)花費(fèi)一些時(shí)間來(lái)培養(yǎng);三，國(guó)內(nèi)LED企業(yè)的規(guī)模仍然相對(duì)小，他們大多不超過(guò)100KK /每月的能源（藍(lán)綠色），這種情況反映在未來(lái)兩年將得到改善;四，國(guó)內(nèi)主要集中在高校和科研院所的研發(fā)，生產(chǎn)的企業(yè)，由于缺乏研發(fā)成果的快速工業(yè)化的轉(zhuǎn)換機(jī)制，這應(yīng)該可以了解來(lái)自臺(tái)灣的工業(yè)技術(shù)研究研究院的技術(shù)成果授權(quán)機(jī)制，加快科技成果和科研院所的轉(zhuǎn)換率可以不成為自己行業(yè)的結(jié)果，而不是最新的技術(shù)和及時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移給業(yè)界，政府應(yīng)規(guī)范發(fā)展的相關(guān)政策相關(guān)的行為;五家國(guó)內(nèi)核心專利缺乏，特別是涉及到行業(yè)的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展藍(lán)光核心專利及白光專利缺乏，這將使國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)的長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展的功能。中國(guó)的本土企業(yè)在這個(gè)階段主要是在起步階段，規(guī)模較小的公司，主制造商的專利不構(gòu)成威脅，專利問(wèn)題還不是很突出。然而，隨著國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)的發(fā)展和擴(kuò)大，一旦形成規(guī)模，以在一定程度上，“走出去”的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，將成為一個(gè)潛在的專利問(wèn)題。目前，國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)做強(qiáng)做大，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和技術(shù)水平的最重要的任務(wù)是提高日后的發(fā)牌公司開價(jià)的時(shí)候，或逐步突破的核心研發(fā)專利。我們相信，中國(guó)的LED產(chǎn)業(yè)具有良好的發(fā)展前景，基于以下幾點(diǎn)：首先，在技術(shù)方面，擁有LED技術(shù)的瓶頸的高增長(zhǎng)，低門檻特性，國(guó)內(nèi)長(zhǎng)期研究在半導(dǎo)體領(lǐng)域研究資源的積累可以是有用的，為進(jìn)一步研究奠定了良好基礎(chǔ)。雖然集成電路制造基礎(chǔ)薄弱，技術(shù)水平相對(duì)較低，但國(guó)內(nèi)一些企業(yè)參加海外技術(shù)人員，繼續(xù)在技術(shù)上的突破，國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)的技術(shù)水平，具有良好的公司與臺(tái)灣的科技水平大致相同作為一個(gè)整體與國(guó)際公司已經(jīng)縮小了差距，二是LED投入相對(duì)較小的初始投資。對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)形成產(chǎn)業(yè)集群，當(dāng)然更容易獲得，也可能導(dǎo)致惡性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，市場(chǎng)一體化發(fā)展到一定階段第三，國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)巨大，LED市場(chǎng)的下一個(gè)重要的通用照明市場(chǎng)，市場(chǎng)容量大，終端消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)，散，難以形成壟斷，絕大多數(shù)國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)的生存空間;第四，一些企業(yè)有一個(gè)核心知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，如晶硅光伏襯底氮化鎵線項(xiàng)目，大連路，美國(guó)的面積和芯片的核心技術(shù)，具有全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，這些企業(yè)在技術(shù)發(fā)展上容易形成示范效應(yīng)促進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)業(yè)務(wù)市場(chǎng)的健康成長(zhǎng);五，技術(shù)成熟后，LED下游封裝和設(shè)備是勞動(dòng)力密集型的生產(chǎn)，發(fā)展大陸的勞動(dòng)力成本優(yōu)勢(shì)。從LED產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展過(guò)程中，全球銷量，LED根據(jù)市場(chǎng)是目前國(guó)內(nèi)最大的手機(jī)背光源市場(chǎng)，手機(jī)銷量增長(zhǎng)放緩，以及OLED屏幕在手機(jī)上的TFT-LCD屏幕，以提高全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度的LED的滲透。技術(shù)進(jìn)步的結(jié)果，在當(dāng)前（甚至2010年之前）降低成本是不夠的，允許完全訪問(wèn)一般使用LED照明市場(chǎng)，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)將成為未來(lái)筆記本電腦，液晶電視背光源，汽車與汽車市場(chǎng)室內(nèi)燈背光市場(chǎng)。作為世界頂級(jí)5液晶面板（LG飛利浦，三星，友達(dá)，奇美和夏普）在一個(gè)較高水平的LED技術(shù)，大生產(chǎn)能力在日本，臺(tái)灣和韓國(guó)，國(guó)內(nèi)只有京東方，波蘭電力和的五個(gè)龍光伏電池板三線，上海天馬4.5代生產(chǎn)線將能夠后LED背光源的需求，但整體需求不占優(yōu)勢(shì)，國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)進(jìn)入液晶面板LED背光供應(yīng)鏈的收益應(yīng)該不會(huì)太大背光面板與手機(jī)市場(chǎng)頗為相似。在中國(guó)市場(chǎng)的應(yīng)用在這個(gè)階段主要是在建筑照明，室內(nèi)和室外的顯示，基于上述原因，下一波的主力可能存在于這些市場(chǎng)，但在手機(jī)，小尺寸LCD背光，汽車滲透率將增加，一些零散市場(chǎng)如特種照明將開辟更（普通照明特殊照明要求的成本也不是那么苛刻）。在幾年前，更換后，LED交通信號(hào)燈是非常流行的，作為L(zhǎng)ED壽命更長(zhǎng)，短期內(nèi)，是非常困難的一個(gè)時(shí)期，以取代在發(fā)生大規(guī)模的工作，這使得LED交通燈低需求期;一個(gè)大型國(guó)內(nèi)轎車市場(chǎng)，但較高，認(rèn)證周期長(zhǎng)，只要有過(guò)硬的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，國(guó)內(nèi)機(jī)動(dòng)車燈LED背光，并在這個(gè)市場(chǎng)的需求非常大的市場(chǎng)需求和增長(zhǎng)是相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的;和LED顯示其易于裝配，低功耗，高亮度等已廣泛應(yīng)用于銀行，證券，廣場(chǎng)，車站，體育場(chǎng)館，這個(gè)市場(chǎng)的未來(lái)仍然是很大的增長(zhǎng)潛力;奧運(yùn)會(huì)，世博會(huì)，一些城市夜景示范效應(yīng)的項(xiàng)目，由國(guó)家半導(dǎo)體照明工程，以及許多有利因素，如促進(jìn)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，建筑照明市場(chǎng)依然前景廣闊。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，一些大型國(guó)際公司專注于高端，更集中的目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)的“準(zhǔn)備”市場(chǎng)，以及一般照明市場(chǎng)的巨大潛力，以及部分產(chǎn)品將是技術(shù)要求相對(duì)較低，未來(lái)的調(diào)控分散性的市場(chǎng)這么弱了，一方面是因?yàn)槠浯罅康膶＠?，不用?dān)心未來(lái)的市場(chǎng)在這個(gè)階段，不追求產(chǎn)能（每月500kk日亞，豐田合成及Cree公司350kk和300KK），專注于技術(shù)，引領(lǐng)市場(chǎng)潮流，當(dāng)技術(shù)成熟到足以進(jìn)入普通照明的市場(chǎng)規(guī)模，估計(jì)其產(chǎn)能將會(huì)迅速，在同一時(shí)間減少外部許可。這個(gè)“中心 - 邊緣”的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)有望保持相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間。目前，各大廠商在內(nèi)地市場(chǎng)，如果芯片出口的恐懼會(huì)遇到兩個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)：一是大的國(guó)際專利訴訟的公司（主要為藍(lán)色和白色），其實(shí)，只要具有一定規(guī)模，無(wú)論出口和是否在專利將遇到挑戰(zhàn)，但出口的專利訴訟是更容易，一些二，其他外部供應(yīng)商的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，尤其是生產(chǎn)廠家在臺(tái)灣，臺(tái)灣的傳統(tǒng)制造商跟著他們的戰(zhàn)略 - 和技術(shù)跟蹤國(guó)際公司，同時(shí)強(qiáng)烈地提高生產(chǎn)率，降低成本和在臺(tái)灣的生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)能世界第一芯片，是許多其他行業(yè)，如巨人漢海茂，好進(jìn)入這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的總，可以影響臺(tái)灣未來(lái)的LED芯片的全球市場(chǎng)價(jià)格的波動(dòng)。鑒于國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的巨大需求，國(guó)內(nèi)芯片廠，即使它可以依靠國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)上有足夠的發(fā)展，如果海外光伏企業(yè)無(wú)限制地進(jìn)入國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)，國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)將面臨持續(xù)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力，在長(zhǎng)期的國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)非常不利的陳述。 LED產(chǎn)業(yè)成長(zhǎng)在這個(gè)階段，也是布局的LED制造商應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)內(nèi)資，外資在內(nèi)地投資，享受稅收優(yōu)惠政策，國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中處于不平等的地位，進(jìn)入國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)向外國(guó)投資者視圖在中國(guó)設(shè)廠，從事外延，芯片的核心技術(shù)，如企業(yè)，這些企業(yè)可以促進(jìn)人才培養(yǎng)，提高整體技術(shù)水平，應(yīng)僅限于那些包在國(guó)內(nèi)，外延，芯片，如部分占領(lǐng)國(guó)外市場(chǎng)，從企業(yè)的核心技術(shù)，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣一張名片在所有核心領(lǐng)域，和地方企業(yè)不享受科技進(jìn)步帶來(lái)的好處，發(fā)展空間有限，恐怕他們會(huì)爭(zhēng)相依靠征收價(jià)格戰(zhàn)，不是那么難討好自己的事情，所以處理當(dāng)前包在中國(guó)限制外國(guó)投資，如進(jìn)口關(guān)稅只是其中的一部分，在芯片上。從關(guān)注專利訴訟并不可怕，只要作為主要的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手有付出，我們?nèi)匀桓?jìng)爭(zhēng)在同一條起跑線上，臺(tái)灣的主要涉及的藍(lán)色和白色的LED芯片廠在成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中都經(jīng)歷了訴訟LED，在訴訟中達(dá)成和解，取得專利，繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。最好的回應(yīng)就是在這個(gè)階段做大規(guī)模，獲得專利，而同時(shí)加強(qiáng)自身的研發(fā)，以提高專利交叉許可訴訟中的議價(jià)能力。國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)在大小，廈門三安可能迎來(lái)增長(zhǎng)第一“的洗禮?！蔽磥?lái)的產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力將取決于兩個(gè)方面，一是技術(shù)，包括提高發(fā)光效率，降低成本的技術(shù)，以提高功率器件技術(shù)的道路，方向是??現(xiàn)有技術(shù)的延伸，但也是可能的路線新技術(shù)，也包括獲得高品質(zhì)的技術(shù)產(chǎn)品，以及外部系統(tǒng)，如照明設(shè)計(jì)和技術(shù)驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片的設(shè)計(jì);其次，規(guī)模，一方面，由于大規(guī)模降低成本，市場(chǎng)強(qiáng)大的議價(jià)能力，另一方面，IC晶圓制造所用的硅化合物有很大的不同，即使在同一生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的芯片性能的擴(kuò)展可能是完全不同的，一致性要求比較高的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域（如典型的LCD背光），延長(zhǎng)的有只有一部分符合要求，但大型企業(yè)，多個(gè)層次的市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)，可以與某一特定市場(chǎng)的芯片產(chǎn)品部署的要求不一致另一個(gè)市場(chǎng)，該公司的總產(chǎn)量，充分提高效率。 LED產(chǎn)業(yè)光明的未來(lái)，但只有在上述兩個(gè)方面的業(yè)界領(lǐng)先的企業(yè)是未來(lái)的國(guó)王。結(jié)論：公司評(píng)論說(shuō)，國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)應(yīng)該關(guān)注什么？在整個(gè)LED產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈和企業(yè)的關(guān)注？從整體發(fā)展過(guò)程中，這五家公司最具投資價(jià)值。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)一類是核心業(yè)務(wù)。房間南昌大學(xué)的發(fā)展，這樣的企業(yè)在最基礎(chǔ)廣泛的國(guó)內(nèi)成立了合資私募股權(quán)基金是晶能光電，光電晶體的典型代表，可制成硅為基礎(chǔ)的GaN外延藍(lán)光技術(shù)世界頂級(jí)的三大藍(lán)色光1過(guò)程技術(shù)突破通過(guò)國(guó)外專利，日亞和Cree公司的封鎖，該公司是集起來(lái)目前行業(yè)水平附近需要進(jìn)行檢查;另一個(gè)大連鹿鳴，公司通過(guò)收購(gòu)美國(guó)LED芯片使芯片的制造商AXT技術(shù)的增加，獲得40余項(xiàng)專利的核心技術(shù)，以及技術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)。此外，從事稀土大連路明，因?yàn)樵瓉?lái)的發(fā)光材料，白色熒光粉合成的生產(chǎn)中使用的邊緣，是世界生產(chǎn)，只有極少數(shù)的一個(gè)，可以制作發(fā)光的發(fā)光材料芯片業(yè)務(wù)。此外，R＆D的可能性鹿鳴新型稀土熒光粉，突破日亞，歐司朗白光技術(shù)，如專利，為國(guó)內(nèi)同行業(yè)到一般LED照明突破最后的障礙！在芯片產(chǎn)業(yè)和技術(shù)的其他企業(yè)，以跟蹤更成功經(jīng)商。能夠進(jìn)行實(shí)際的芯片設(shè)計(jì)和加工的綠色延伸，具有一定規(guī)模，并主要集中在廈門三安，大連路，美國(guó)（鹿鳴子公司）。前兩類企業(yè)較為集中的核心優(yōu)勢(shì)，投資價(jià)值會(huì)首先出現(xiàn)。第三類企業(yè)是最佳的解決方案的下游企業(yè)，如廈門華聯(lián)，佛山國(guó)星光電。國(guó)內(nèi)大規(guī)模集成電路的發(fā)展是地區(qū)的本地企業(yè)開發(fā)包是更好的設(shè)計(jì)和制造領(lǐng)域的一大特色，據(jù)估計(jì)，在該領(lǐng)域的LED封裝企業(yè)也將是一個(gè)很好的發(fā)展機(jī)遇，或上游和中游的外延芯片企業(yè)的發(fā)展速度甚至超過(guò)了，因?yàn)榘梢再?gòu)買國(guó)外芯片公司，以滿足國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)需求，而國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)將遵循的路線圖，芯片技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。 LED全自動(dòng)粘片機(jī)是基于視覺檢測(cè)的全自動(dòng)粘片控制,融合了圖像處理、模式識(shí)別、光電檢測(cè)、控制理論、機(jī)電一體化等多學(xué)科內(nèi)容和技術(shù)，其性能直接影響到所生產(chǎn)LED的性能、生產(chǎn)效率和產(chǎn)品的合格率。芯片拾取機(jī)構(gòu)是LED生產(chǎn)流程中后封裝設(shè)備的重要一環(huán),也是完成LED晶片的檢測(cè)、拾取和粘片等工作的設(shè)備。在半導(dǎo)體封裝領(lǐng)域，LED制造技術(shù)具有獨(dú)特的代表性。其中LED封裝工藝屬于后道工藝，LED的固晶過(guò)程（又稱粘片過(guò)程）在封裝工藝中占有極其重要的地位。 封裝是連接LED產(chǎn)業(yè)與市場(chǎng)的紐帶，是保證高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入應(yīng)用市場(chǎng)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。和前面的工序相比，封裝在很大程度上更依靠于封裝設(shè)備，生產(chǎn)中專用設(shè)備的水平直接影響著LED的質(zhì)量，產(chǎn)量和綜合性能。 隨著我國(guó)LED產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，LED產(chǎn)品不斷進(jìn)步，市場(chǎng)不斷擴(kuò)大，人們?cè)陉P(guān)注LED生產(chǎn)工藝技術(shù)的同時(shí)，也越來(lái)越關(guān)注LED關(guān)鍵設(shè)備的研發(fā)和改進(jìn)。因此LED粘片機(jī)作為L(zhǎng)ED關(guān)鍵設(shè)備之一也在不斷更新?lián)Q代。目前國(guó)內(nèi)前工序設(shè)備處于空白，國(guó)外0.25微米以下制程的設(shè)備對(duì)我國(guó)實(shí)行禁運(yùn)，后工序中的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備大多依賴進(jìn)口，而且價(jià)格昂貴。因此國(guó)產(chǎn)LED生產(chǎn)設(shè)備的落后嚴(yán)重制約了我國(guó)半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。LED產(chǎn)業(yè)與其他產(chǎn)業(yè)的區(qū)別在于LED產(chǎn)品技術(shù)不斷提高，而價(jià)格卻越來(lái)越低。這就要求既要具有能夠生產(chǎn)高品質(zhì)LED產(chǎn)品的設(shè)備，又要減少設(shè)備的投資以降低成本。這就給國(guó)產(chǎn)LED生產(chǎn)設(shè)備提供了一個(gè)千載難逢的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。 LED強(qiáng)大的市場(chǎng)需求刺激著制造工藝的不斷發(fā)展，更對(duì)封裝設(shè)備的研發(fā)帶來(lái)了強(qiáng)勁的推動(dòng)力。在LED生產(chǎn)企業(yè)方面，國(guó)內(nèi)LED封裝技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀是參差不齊的。實(shí)力較強(qiáng)的企業(yè)大部分采用全自動(dòng)化設(shè)備，封裝水平較高，其產(chǎn)量較多。但由于市場(chǎng)對(duì)LED的需求量很大，國(guó)內(nèi)的垂直式LED生產(chǎn)方式中，仍有大量的個(gè)體業(yè)主采用手工作坊加工低端LED產(chǎn)品。雖然有些具有一定實(shí)力的封裝企業(yè)采用了先進(jìn)的全自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)設(shè)備，LED封裝能力較強(qiáng)，封裝出來(lái)的LED產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、一致性和可靠性很高，是國(guó)內(nèi)封裝企業(yè)的主力。但我國(guó)自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的LED粘片機(jī)的研制水平與國(guó)外進(jìn)口機(jī)有著很大差距，所以這些企業(yè)幾乎全部采用國(guó)外的進(jìn)口設(shè)備，因此其設(shè)備投資很大，限制了生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的擴(kuò)張。 幾年來(lái)，我國(guó)政府，企業(yè)，高校共同合作，投入巨大精力進(jìn)行國(guó)產(chǎn)設(shè)備研發(fā)，取得了一些成就。但總體上我國(guó)LED封裝設(shè)備制造及整線配套能力與國(guó)外差距較大，大量的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備，特別是高端自動(dòng)化設(shè)備（如芯片粘片機(jī)，引線焊接機(jī)，測(cè)試機(jī)，編帶機(jī)等）仍然以進(jìn)口為主。目前而言國(guó)內(nèi)的廠家所用的設(shè)備大部分都來(lái)自國(guó)外，LED固晶技術(shù)及設(shè)備幾乎被國(guó)外所壟斷，國(guó)內(nèi)廠家即使能仿制一些型號(hào)的產(chǎn)品，但是精度不急國(guó)外產(chǎn)品的二分之一。進(jìn)口的封裝設(shè)備通常存在價(jià)格昂貴，維修和使用相對(duì)不方便，使用中投入較高，配套零部件更換和購(gòu)買也不方便的缺點(diǎn)，這嚴(yán)重的影響了我國(guó)封裝行業(yè)的發(fā)展。但慶幸的是這項(xiàng)技術(shù)也還在發(fā)展中，如果加以足夠深度的研究完全可以打破國(guó)外的壟斷。 英文原文 The foreground of development and status of LED LED doomed it‘s huge market will develop into a huge industry. Overall, the domestic industry in terms of size has been unsatisfactory, the typical case is the integrated circuit industry and the LCD panel industry, the domestic IC industry is now tail between its people, LCD panel industry is riddled with illness, technology complex, large investment and a weak infrastructure is the main reason, while the LED industry will break the curse, and can bring about the upgrading of industries, such as the domestic industry in LCD driver chips simply do not drive, because the LCD panel industry out of the country, support because of huge market, LED Driver IC is expected to flourish in the country to promote domestic enterprises bigger and stronger, which in turn will promote the domestic LCD driver chip or other chip-driven development. China's LED industry is currently a disadvantage lies in the fact that a LED products of domestic enterprises and overseas technical level there is a certain gap in the pursuit of high-end customers at a disadvantage; Second, the domestic IC manufacturing base compared to Japan, Korea and Taiwan, these strong LED weak areas, chip manufacturing capacity, technological level and poor external support of some materials, the learning curve longer will take some time to cultivate; Third, the size of the domestic LED business is still relatively small, most of them did not exceed 100kk / monthly energy (blue green), this state of affairs in the next two years will be improved; four, domestic R & D concentrated in universities and research institutes, production in the enterprises, the lack of R & D results of the rapid industrialization of the conversion mechanism, which should be learn from Taiwan's Industrial Technology Research Institute of the technical achievements the licensing mechanism to speed up the conversion rate of technological achievements and scientific research institutes can not be for their own industry rather than the outcome of the latest technology and timely transfer to industry, the Government should regulate the development of relevant policy-related behavior; five domestic lack of core patents, in particular related to the industry in the long-term development of the Blu-ray core patents and patent lack of white light, which will enable long-term development of domestic industries to function. At this stage, China's local enterprises, mainly in the initial stage, smaller companies, the owner of the manufacturers do not pose a threat to the patent, the patent problem is not prominent. However, with the development and expansion of domestic enterprises, once the scale to a certain extent, the "going out" development strategy, will become a potential patent issues. At present, the domestic enterprises to grow bigger, to improve product quality and technical level of the most important task is to improve the future licensing companies asking price at the time, or to gradually break through the core of R & D patents. We believe that the LED industry in China has good prospects for development, based on the following points: First, in terms of the technology, LED technology has the bottleneck of high growth, low-threshold characteristics of the study, the domestic long-term accumulation in the semiconductor field of research resources can be useful with a good basis for further study. Although the manufacturing of integrated circuits based on weak, relatively low technological level, but some domestic enterprises to join overseas technical personnel, continue to make breakthroughs in technology, technological level of domestic enterprises with good companies with the technological level of Taiwan or less the same as with international companies as a whole has been narrowing the gap; Second, LED invested relatively small initial investment will be 100 million plant, the domestic enterprises to enter the threshold of the low, easy to achieve a rolling development and manufacture of integrated circuits and liquid crystal panel manufacturers easily to tens of billions of billions of yuan in investment it is "insignificant" easier access to the domestic enterprises to form industrial clusters, of course, may also lead to vicious competition and to a certain stage of development of market integration; Third, the domestic market great, LED market is the next major general lighting market, the market capacity, end-consumer market, scattered and difficult to form a monopoly, a vast living space of domestic enterprises; Fourth, some companies have a core of intellectual property rights, such as crystalline silicon photovoltaic substrate can GaN-ray projects, Dalian Road, the area of the United States and the core of the chip technology, has global competitiveness of these enterprises on technology development in the demonstration effect easy to form and promote the healthy growth of the domestic business market; five, after maturity of the technology, LED downstream packaging and devices are labor-intensive production, the development of the mainland with the labor cost advantage. The development process from the LED industry, the global sales of LED according to the market is currently the largest mobile phone backlight market, with mobile phone sales growth slowing down, as well as the OLED screen on the mobile phone TFT-LCD screen to enhance the penetration of the global growth rate of the LED . Technological progress as a result of cost reduction in the current (and even pre-2010) is not enough to allow full access to general use LED lighting market, global growth will be the next notebook, LCD TV backlighting, and automotive markets with the car interior lamp backlight market. As the world's top five LCD panel (LG Philips, Samsung, AUO, CMO and Sharp) in a high level of LED technology, large production capacity in Japan, Taiwan and South Korea, domestic only BOE, polish electricity and the Five Dragon PV panels of three lines, the 4.5-generation Shanghai Tianma production line will be able to after the demand for LED backlighting, but the overall demand is not dominant, the domestic enterprises to enter the LCD panel backlight LED supply chain proceeds should not be too large backlit panel with mobile phone market is quite similar. Application of the Chinese market at this stage mainly in the architectural lighting, indoor and outdoor display, based on the above reasons, the main force of the next wave may be present in these markets, but in mobile phones, small size LCD backlight, automobile penetration will increase, and some scattered markets such as special lighting will open up even more (the cost of special lighting requirements for general lighting is not so harsh). After the replacement of a few years ago, LED traffic lights is very popular, as the LED's life is longer, the short term it is very difficult to replace in the event of large-scale work, which makes the LED traffic lights for a period of low demand period ; a large domestic sedan market, but higher, certification cycle length, as long as there is excellent product quality, domestic motor vehicle lights LED backlighting and a very large market demand and growth in demand in this market is relatively stable; and LED display it’s easy to assemble, low power consumption, high brightness, etc. has been widely applied to the banking, securities, squares, railway stations, sports venues, the future of this market there is still great potential for growth; in the Olympic Games, World Expo, a number of city night demonstration effect of the project, led by National Semiconductor Lighting Project, as well as the many favorable factors, such as the promotion of, the architectural lighting market is still a broad prospect. Generally speaking, a number of large international companies focused on high-end, more concentrated target market's "ready" market, as well as general lighting of the huge potential market, and some of the products will be relatively low technical requirements that the future control of the decentralized nature of the market so weak out of hand because of its large number of patents, do not worry about the future was out of the market at this stage not to pursue production capacity (per month to Nichia 500kk, Toyoda Gosei and Cree were 350kk and 300kk), and focus on technology to lead the market trend, When the technology is mature enough to be the size of the market into the general lighting, it is estimated that its production capacity will be rapidly and at the same time to reduce external licensing. This "center - periphery" of the competition is expected to maintain a long period of time. At present, the major manufacturers in the Mainland market, if the fear of chip exports will encounter two challenges: First, large international companies in patent litigation (mainly blue and white), in fact, as long as a certain size, regardless of the export and whether the patent will encounter challenges, but the export of patent litigation is more likely that a number of; Second, the competitiveness of other external vendors, especially manufacturers in Taiwan, Taiwan's traditional manufacturers followed their strategy - and technology to track the international companies, at the same time strongly improve productivity, reduce costs and production capacity in Taiwan the world's first chip, there are a number of other industries such as the giant Hon Hai, the Mau, the total being good to enter this area, can influence the future of Taiwan LED chip global market price fluctuations . Given the huge domestic market demand, domestic chip plants, even if it can rely on the domestic market of the development of an adequate, if the photovoltaic companies overseas unlimited access to domestic markets, domestic companies will face continued competitive pressures, which in the long-term domestic enterprises is a very negative statement. LED industry is growing at this stage, but also the layout of the LED makers a view of domestic, foreign investment in the Mainland to enjoy tax incentives, domestic enterprises to compete in an unequal position to enter the domestic market to foreign investors should be encouraged to set up factories in China to engage in outreach, chip core technology, such as enterprises, these enterprises can promote personnel training and raising the overall skill level; should be limited to those packages in the country, epitaxial, chip, such as part of the core technology for the occupation in the foreign market from the enterprise, Once such a business card in all core areas, and local enterprises do not enjoy the benefits of technological progress, development and limited space, I am afraid they will scramble to rely on price war, not so hard to curry favor with their own thing, so deal with only part of the current package in China to limit foreign investment, such as import tariffs levied on the chip. From the patent litigation is concerned, it’s not terrible, as long as our main competitors, have to pay, we still compete in the same starting line, Taiwan's major involving the blue and white LED chip factory in the growth process have experienced litigation LED , reached a settlement in the proceedings to obtain patents, continue to grow. The best response is to do at this stage a large-scale, access to patents, while at the same time strengthen its own R & D to improve the patent litigation in the bargaining power for cross-licensing. Domestic enterprises in terms of size, Xiamen San'an may usher in the growth of the first "baptism." The future industrial competitiveness will depend on two aspects, firstly, technology, including to improve light-emitting efficiency and lower the cost of technology to improve power device technology, the direction of the road there is an extension of existing technology, but also possible routes of new technologies; also including access to high-quality technology products, as well as external systems such as lighting design and technology-driven chip design; Second, the scale, on the one hand, due to large scale to reduce costs, the market strong bargaining power; On the other hand, compounds with IC wafer manufacture of silicon used is very different, even if an extension on the same production out of the chip performance may be quite different, which require relatively high consistency of application areas (such as a typical LCD backlight), the extension of an There is only a part of to meet the requirements, but large-scale enterprises, the number of levels of market structure, can be inconsistent with the requirements of a particular market deployment of chip products to another market, the company's total output to increase the efficiency of the full. LED industry a bright future, but only in the above-mentioned two aspects of the industry's leading enterprise is the future king. Conclusion: Company commented, domestic enterprises should be concerned about what? In the whole LED industry chain and enterprises concerned? From the overall development process, the five companies most investment value. A class of intellectual property rights is a core business. Room for the development of such enterprises in the most broad-based domestic to Nanchang University established a joint private equity fund is the crystal can be a typical representative of photoelectric, photoelectric crystal can be made of silicon-based GaN epitaxial Blu-ray technology to the world's top three blue Light one process technology to break through foreign patents Nichia and Cree blockade, the company is set up near the current level of the industry need to be inspected; another Luming for Dalian, the company through the acquisition of American LED chip manufacturers to make chips AXT technology increases, access to more than 40 patented core technologies, as well as the technical team. In addition, Dalian Luming engaged in rare earth since the original light-emitting material, white in the synthesis of fluorescent powder used in the production of an edge, is one of the world production of only a few can produce light-emitting light-emitting materials can chip business. Moreover, the possibility of R & D Luming new rare-earth fluorescent powder, breakthrough Nichia, Osram white light technology, such as patents, for the domestic industry into the general LED lighting breakthrough in the last barriers! White LED lighting as long as the two major "stumbling block" - Blu-ray patent and white patent to make a breakthrough, the domestic LED industry a bright future ahead for the rest of the domestic industry is to test the ability of the industry. Other enterprises to do business in the chip industry more successful.To carry out the actual chip design and processing of green extension, has a certain scale, and are mainly concentrated in the Xiamen sun, Dalian Road, the United States of America (Luming subsidiary), several companies at present production scale and LED Ray only shaman Xiamen. Xiamen, Taiwan - MOCVD12 shaman, red chips 1000KK per month, blue chip 200kk/, technology is the leading domestic level, full-color super high brightness LED chip production capacity, the sales income of nearly 3000000 yuan, in 2006 the market.Moreover, Taiwan's optoelectronics and informed Epistar to set up factories in Xiamen, the local formation of industrial clusters to enhance the capacity of industry and technical personnel supporting the flow of the importance of the development of the three also have an important role in promoting. The development of domestic-scale integrated circuits is a major feature of the area of local enterprise development package is better in the field of design and manufacture, it is estimated that in the field of LED packaging companies will also be a good development opportunities, or even faster than the upper and middle reaches of epitaxial chip business development, because the package can be purchased foreign chip companies to meet domestic market demand, while domestic enterprises will follow the road map chip technology progress. LED automatic die bonder is full automatic die bonder based on visual inspection, image processing, pattern recognition, photoelectric detection, control theory, electromechanical integration, subject content and technology, its performance directly affects the production of LED qualified rate performance, production efficiency and product. Chip pickup mechanism is an important part of LED production process of packaging equipment, complete detection, is the LED wafer bonder picking and working equipment. In the semiconductor manufacturing technology field, LED has a unique representation. The process which belong to the LED package technology, solid crystal process of LED (also known as the sticking process) plays a very important role in the packaging process. Packaging is the connecting link of LED industry and market, is the key to ensure the high quality products to enter the market application. Compared with the previous process, package largely depends on the production of packaging equipment ,special equipment level directly affects the LED quality, yield and comprehensive performance With the development of China's LED industry, LED products continues to progress, the market continues to expand, people concerned about the LED production process technology, more and more attention to the development and improvement of the LED key equipment. LED Die Bonder as one of the LED key equipment are also constantly upgrading. At present, before the process equipment in the blank, foreign 0.25-micron process equipment imposition of an embargo on China, after the process of key equipment mostly dependent on imports, and the price is expensive. Backwardness of the domestic LED production equipment has seriously hampered the development of China's semiconductor industry. LED industry with other industries the difference is that LED technology continues to improve, and prices are getting lower and lower. This requirement is necessary to have equipment capable of producing high quality LED products, but also reduce the investment in equipment to reduce costs. This provides a golden opportunity for development to the domestic LED production equipment. LED strong market demand to stimulate the continuous development of the manufacturing process, but also brought a strong impetus to the development of the packaging equipment. The maker of LED, current situation of domestic LED packaging technology is not uniform. Most corporations, fully automated equipment, the higher the level of packaging, produce more. However, due to the market demand for the vertical LED, LED production，there are still a large number of individual owners using the Hand Workshop processing low-end LED products. Although some packaging companies with a certain strength of advanced automatic production equipment, LED packaging capacity is strong, high the package LED product quality, consistency and reliability, is the main force of the domestic packaging companies. LED Die Bonder development level of China's independent intellectual property rights and imported machine has a big gap, so these companies almost all foreign imported equipment, so the investment in equipment, limit the expansion of production scale. Over the past few years, the Chinese government, enterprises, universities work together to invest heavily in research and development of domestic equipment, and have had some success. But overall, China's LED packaging equipment manufacturing and the entire line of matching capacity with foreign big gap between a large number of key equipment, especially high-end automation equipment (such as Chip Die the lead welding machine, testing machine, taping machine, etc.) still imports. Now most of the equipment used by the domestic manufacturers are from abroad, LED solid crystal technology and equipment is a