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摘 要
本論文在對工業(yè)機(jī)械手總體構(gòu)思和結(jié)構(gòu)分析的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合通用機(jī)械手的給定要求
和功能，對機(jī)械手結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分析、設(shè)計和計算，并擬定了整體驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)和控制系統(tǒng)。
采用機(jī)電一體化設(shè)計思想，充分考慮機(jī)、電、軟、硬件各自特點進(jìn)行互補(bǔ)優(yōu)化，對機(jī)械手整體結(jié)構(gòu)、傳動系統(tǒng)、驅(qū)動裝置和控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了分析和設(shè)計。
在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計的過程中結(jié)合以往機(jī)械設(shè)計的經(jīng)驗確定了機(jī)械手的詳細(xì)尺寸。在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的應(yīng)用中，充分考慮實際情況和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的應(yīng)用準(zhǔn)則進(jìn)行了選用。由于該機(jī)械手采用液壓驅(qū)動，在油路的布置和規(guī)劃中結(jié)合機(jī)械制造的基礎(chǔ)，不但使油路符合制造的可行性，而且將油路布置成空間結(jié)構(gòu)，是機(jī)械手的結(jié)構(gòu)更加簡潔和緊湊。
在傳動系統(tǒng)和驅(qū)動裝置的設(shè)計中，結(jié)合各個液壓缸的動作，對液壓油的流量和壓力進(jìn)行了分析，結(jié)合液壓原理中各種常用回路的功能和各液壓元件的選用原則，制定出了一套完整的液壓系統(tǒng)。
在控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計過程中，采用PLC可編程控制器作為控制主機(jī)，行程開關(guān)的開合作為中間動作信號，在加上PLC內(nèi)部延時繼電器的使用對該機(jī)械手進(jìn)行了編程，提出了一份有不同功能模塊的梯形圖。
通過以上各部分的工作，得出了實用化、高可靠性通用機(jī)械手的設(shè)計方案，對其他類型的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計也有一定的借鑒價值。
關(guān)鍵詞：通用機(jī)械手、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計、驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)、PLC
Abstract
This paper in the overall industrial manipulator design and structural analysis on the basis of Combining manipulator to establish requirements and functions of the manipulator structure of the system analysis, design and calculation and the preparation of the overall drive system and control system .
Electrical and Mechanical design integration, and give full consideration to, electronic hardware and software characteristics of their respective complementary optimization, manipulator of the overall structure, transmission, drive and control system for the analysis and design .
The structural design of the course with previous experience in mechanical design of the manipulator to determine the detailed size .In the application of standard parts, and give full consideration to the actual situation and the standard parts of the selection criteria .
As the hydraulic manipulator drivers in the asphalt layout and planning with machinery manufacturing base not only with asphalt manufacturing feasibility and layout of asphalt into space structure, Manipulator is the structure more simple and compact .
Drivers in the transmission system and equipment design,the integration of the various hydraulic cylinder moves the hydraulic oil flow and pressure analysis hydraulic principles used various circuit functions and the use of hydraulic components, draw up a complete set of hydraulic systems .
In the control system design process, using PLC as the control host, Switching trip to the Middle cooperating moves signal In addition PLC internal delay relays on the use of manipulator of programming, presented a different function module ladder .
Through the above, the part of the process come to practical use, high reliability General manipulator design, for other types of CNC system design has some reference value .
Keywords :Definitive manipulator、structural design、drive system、PLC