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附錄Ⅰ
滅茬機常見故障九種
一、滅茬機在作業(yè)過程中，拖拉機冒黑煙并伴有打滑等現(xiàn)象，這是由于滅茬機負(fù)荷過載所致。負(fù)荷過重主要由于滅茬深度太大、土壤粘重或過硬而造成的。遇此情況應(yīng)適當(dāng)減少耕深或耕幅，或者將擋位調(diào)低，降低機組的前進(jìn)速度。
二、滅茬機作業(yè)過程中出現(xiàn)跳動、抖動現(xiàn)象，是由于刀片沒有按照使用說明書進(jìn)行安裝或因土壤堅硬等原因引起的。遇此情況因停機檢查刀片的安裝情況，若刀片裝錯，應(yīng)予以糾正。若土壤堅硬應(yīng)降低機組的前進(jìn)速度，或增加機組的作業(yè)次數(shù)；第一遍先淺耕，第二遍再將滅茬機調(diào)到預(yù)定深度，以滿足耕深要求。
三、滅茬機作業(yè)質(zhì)量出現(xiàn)問題。間斷拋出大塊土坷垃或成條出現(xiàn)大土塊。間斷拋出大土塊是由于滅茬機刀片彎曲變形、折斷、丟失或嚴(yán)重磨損所致，應(yīng)視具體情況予以矯正、焊接或更換新刀片；成條出現(xiàn)大土塊是由于機手操作不當(dāng)引起，因為相鄰作業(yè)銜接不好，出現(xiàn)輕微漏耕現(xiàn)象，遇此情況，應(yīng)告誡駕駛員，作業(yè)時銜接行應(yīng)有5～10厘米的銜接區(qū)。
四、滅茬后地面出現(xiàn)凹凸不平現(xiàn)象。這是由于機組前進(jìn)速度與滅茬刀軸的轉(zhuǎn)速搭配不當(dāng)引起，應(yīng)降低擋位作業(yè)，若質(zhì)量仍無改觀，應(yīng)停機檢查，找出原因，予以解決。
五、齒輪箱內(nèi)有雜音?？梢詮囊韵聨讉€方面進(jìn)行檢查：齒輪箱內(nèi)有無異物，傘形齒輪間隙調(diào)整是否得當(dāng)，軸承有無損壞，齒輪有無“掉牙”現(xiàn)象。應(yīng)根據(jù)檢查的具體情況予以排除、修理。
六、作業(yè)過程中，滅茬機刀軸突然出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)不動或轉(zhuǎn)動明顯不如前靈活，很可能是由于齒輪箱內(nèi)齒輪損壞而咬死、軸承碎裂咬死、刀軸側(cè)板變形、刀軸彎曲變形、刀軸纏草堵泥嚴(yán)重或因齒輪、軸承損壞引起傘齒輪無齒側(cè)間隙等原因引起。應(yīng)仔細(xì)檢查各部分，并根據(jù)實際情況，排除故障。
七、滅茬作業(yè)中有金屬碰撞聲和敲擊聲，可能由如下原因引起的：傳動齒輪過松與傳動箱體相碰；刀軸兩端刀片、左支臂或傳動箱體變形后相互碰撞；刀片固定螺絲松動等。找出原因，調(diào)整鏈條，矯正或更換零部件，擰緊固定螺栓。
八、齒輪箱漏油是由于油封、紙墊損壞或箱體有裂紋造成的。排除方法是更換損壞或老化的油封、紙墊，修復(fù)或更換箱體等。
九、拖板鏈條折斷是由于運輸過程中未升到預(yù)定高度，鏈條拉得不緊所致。修復(fù)鏈條，在運輸過程中將其固定到最高位置并拉緊鏈條。
在我國，目前的驅(qū)動型耕作機械產(chǎn)品有滅茬機及復(fù)式作業(yè)機、驅(qū)動式圓盤犁、耕耙犁、水田驅(qū)動耙、立式轉(zhuǎn)齒耙等，但產(chǎn)量比較大的主要是旋耕機。當(dāng)前，批量生產(chǎn)和推廣使用的2．2～76．4kW手扶拖拉機和乘坐式拖拉機配套旋耕機三大系列145種產(chǎn)品。90年代以來，國內(nèi)又研制了一批旋耕復(fù)式作業(yè)機具新產(chǎn)品，逐步投放市場?，F(xiàn)在，國內(nèi)大中拖配套旋耕機保有量約15萬臺，手拖和小四輪配套旋耕機約200萬臺。旋耕機在南方水稻生產(chǎn)機械化應(yīng)用中已占80％比例，北方的水稻生產(chǎn)、蔬菜種植和旱地滅茬整地也廣泛采用了旋耕機械。
南稻北移，種植面積迅速增加，擴大了對旋耕機械的市場需求。水稻是高產(chǎn)作物，種植水稻有較高的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。近年來，在我國北方實施種植結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，相應(yīng)的農(nóng)機裝備結(jié)構(gòu)正在發(fā)生變化，迫切需要從技術(shù)上、經(jīng)濟(jì)上合理配備適應(yīng)水旱田作業(yè)的拖拉機及配套農(nóng)機具。黑龍江墾區(qū)原以旱田種植麥豆為主，并以傳統(tǒng)的旱地鏵式犁與其配套的圓盤耙、平地機、耢地機等作為耕整地機具。1993年，擁有旋耕機僅1631臺，而當(dāng)年水稻種植面積為1500萬畝，顯然不知識水稻生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展。近10年來，黑龍江墾區(qū)大量購進(jìn)手扶拖拉機和上海50等中型輪式拖拉機及配套的旋耕。
農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化、集約化、規(guī)?；?jīng)營需要大型高效旋耕機械。隨著我國農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化和適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營的發(fā)展，對大中型農(nóng)業(yè)機械的市場需求也日漸增大。不僅是農(nóng)墾系統(tǒng)國營之農(nóng)場，而且鄉(xiāng)村農(nóng)機服務(wù)站又及個體的農(nóng)機專業(yè)戶，也需要更新和添置大中型農(nóng)業(yè)機械。對黑龍江墾區(qū)的調(diào)查表明，近年大量購置的水田耕整地機械已由中小功率拖拉機旋耕機組變化為鐵牛654和LF80―904WD等大中功率輪式拖拉機及配套旋耕機。農(nóng)機專業(yè)戶使用這些大中型機械從事機耕服務(wù)，一般1～2年可回收本金，有誘人的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
附錄Ⅱ（英文翻譯）
The rotary cultivator common fault of nine
Rotary tiller during operation, tractor black smoke with slip phenomenon, which is due to the rotary tiller overloading. Overloading mainly due to the rotary tiller depth is too large, heavy clay soil or excellent. If this happens should be appropriate to reduce the tillage depth or Working width or lower the gear to reduce the forward speed of the unit. During the operation of the rotary tiller appear jerky, jitter phenomenon is caused because the blade did not follow the manual installation or hard soil. In this case the result of the installation of stop and check the blade, blade installed wrong, and should be corrected. If the soil is hard and should reduce the forward speed of the unit, or to increase the number of unit operations; shallow plowing first pass, second pass and then rotary tiller transferred to a predetermined depth, tillage depth to meet the requirements. , Rotary tiller job quality problems. Intermittent throw the bulk soil Ke La, or large clods. Intermittent throw clods rotary tiller blade bending deformation, broken, lost or badly worn, as the case may be corrected, welding or replacement blade; into big clods is caused due to improper operation of the machine in hand , convergence area adjacent on connection with bad the slight leakage farming phenomenon, In this case, the driver should be warned, the convergence operating line should be 5 to 10 cm. , Rotary ground after the uneven phenomenon. This is due to the the unit forward speed and Rotary Blade shaft speed mismatches caused lower gear operation, should stop to check to find out the causes to be addressed if the quality is still no change. Fifth, the gear box noise. Can be checked from the following aspects: gear box without foreign body, bevel gears gap to adjust it properly, bearing for damage and whether the gear out teeth "phenomenon. Be excluded should be based on the specific circumstances of the inspection, repair. 6, during the operation, rotary tiller blade shaft suddenly would not turn in or turn was not as good as pre-flexible, is likely to be killed due to damage to the gear box gear, bearing fragmentation killed, knife shaft side plate deformation, the knife shaft bending deformation, knife shaft is wrapped around the grass blocking mud serious or bearing damage caused due to gear, bevel gear backlash causes. Each part should be carefully examined, according to the actual situation, troubleshooting. Rotary operating sound of metal crash and percussion, which may be caused by the following reasons: the drive chain is too loose and the transmission box collide; deformation of the shaft at both ends of the knife blade, left arm or transmission box. collision; blade screws loose. Find out why, adjust the chain, correction or replacement parts, unscrew the bolts firmly. The eight gearbox oil spill oil seal, paper pad is damaged or the box cracks caused. Remedy is to replace damaged or aging oil seals, paper pads, repair, or replacement of the box. IX carriage broken chain is not scheduled to rise to the height of the transport process, pull the chain Undertightening the due. Repair chain during transport is fixed to the highest position and tensioning the chain.
In China, the current-driven farming machinery products rotary tiller and duplex operation, the driven disc plow, Reciprocating harrow, paddy harrows, vertical turn tooth harrow, but the yield is the relatively large rotary tiller . Currently, mass production and promote the use of 2.2 to 76.4kW walking tractor and ride-on tractor rotary tiller three series of 145 kinds of products. Since the 1990s, the country has developed a number of rotary tiller duplex operation tools with new products, and gradually put on the market. Now, the domestic large and medium-sized drag supporting rotary tiller to maintain about 15 million units, the Trolley and small four-wheel supporting rotary tiller about 200 million units. Rotary tiller in the Southern rice production mechanization applications accounted for 80% of the northern rice production, vegetable cultivation and dry stubble soil preparation with a wide range of Rotary Machinery. Southern rice the north, the area under cultivation increased rapidly expanding market demand for rotary tillage machinery. Rice is a high-yielding crops, planting rice has a higher economic efficiency. In recent years, the implementation of the planting structure adjustment in the north of China, the farm machinery and equipment structure is changing, there is an urgent need to technically and economically reasonable job with the adaptation to water upland tractors and related farm machinery. Heilongjiang reclamation area was originally planted to upland wheat bean-based, and the the traditional dryland plow its support of the disc harrow, graders, Lao and machine as tillage to machinery. In 1993, with only 1631 units rotary tiller, and the rice cultivation area of 1,500 hectares, is clearly not the knowledge of rice production development. The past 10 years, Heilongjiang reclamation area to buy lots of walking tractor and 50 medium-sized wheeled tractors and related Rotary. The industrialization of agriculture, intensive, large-scale operation requires large and efficient rotary tillage machinery. With the development of China's agricultural industrialization and the appropriate scale of operation, an increasing market demand for large and medium-sized agricultural machinery. Not only is the state-owned farms state-owned farms, agricultural and rural agricultural service stations and individual specialized households, updates and additions to large and medium-sized agricultural machinery. Of Heilongjiang Reclamation Area survey showed that changes in the purchase of paddy fields in recent years, a large number of tillage to machinery by small and medium-power tractor rotary tiller unit power wheeled tractor 654 and LF80-904WD large and medium-sized tractors and related rotary tiller. Agricultural machinery specialized households engaged in these large and medium-sized mechanical plowing services, generally 1 to 2 years recyclable principal attractive economic benefits.
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