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畢業(yè)設計（論文）
題目名稱 磨粉磨漿機的設計和研究
題目類別 畢業(yè)設計
學院（系）
專業(yè)班級 機械設計制造及其自動化
學生姓名
指導老師
開題報告日期 2007年11月10日
外文翻譯
MME 新型磨粉機設計
【摘要】就MME 新型磨粉機的特點, 如外觀布局、鑄鐵底座、磨輥組自承研磨力、彈性張緊結構、變頻喂料系統(tǒng)、刮刀清理等進行了簡要說明和分析。
【關鍵詞】磨粉機; 磨輥; 變頻喂料系統(tǒng)
1. MME型磨粉機的介紹
? ?MME磨粉機是2005年推出的一種新機型，
該機是在MDDK磨粉機近十年的實踐基礎之上，吸收國內外的先進經(jīng)驗，開發(fā)的一種新型磨粉機，較MDDK磨粉機有如下特點：
1) 外觀合乎人機工程學原理，門式外置開啟，在工作中檢查、更換元件方便，省力。
鑄鐵底座綜合性能優(yōu)良
2) 觀察筒成橢圓錐形。橢圓形觀察筒不僅外形美觀，而且沒有死角，改進存料條件，不易粘料。
3) 軋距調節(jié)省力、容易。調節(jié)原理不同，改變了受力點，在開機狀態(tài)下，容易調節(jié)到理想狀態(tài)。
4) 軋距調節(jié)機構氣動鎖緊。目前國內外磨粉機幾乎全部為機械鎖緊，MME磨粉機實現(xiàn)為氣動鎖緊，操作方便，絕對鎖緊。
5) 獨特的彈性自動補償齒楔帶張緊裝置。該裝置能自動補償帶長度的微量變化提高帶的使用壽命。
6) 刮刀清理自動分離機構。當磨粉機磨輥離軋時，刮刀與磨輥自動分離，杜絕刮刀與磨輥在無料情況下直接磨擦，保護磨輥，提高刮刀使用壽命。
7) 簡捷的喂料輥清理單元。喂料輥不須外移就能很方便地清理喂料輥后的積垢，活動清理單元，改善了磨粉機內衛(wèi)生狀況，降低了裝配和維修難度。
2. 獨特的外形設計
1) 磨粉機外形
磨粉機的機體高度、磨輥中心高度、微調手輪中心高度、外罩分體高度、機體過渡半徑、外罩圓弧半徑及整體外形比例分配等技術參數(shù)分別是通過形象設計進行的; 該機的外觀設計獲國家專利, 專利號為ZL 01 3 4997216 。
2) 進料筒
進料筒為橢圓錐形, 采用優(yōu)質有機玻璃板整體模壓成型, 不僅外形美觀、便于觀察, 而且能更好地使物料均勻自流地分布到喂料輥的全長上。
3) 旋轉護罩
磨粉機兩側護罩采用旋轉開門式結構, 只需反轉拉手即可打開, 關上后靠磁性自動吸附在機體上, 不需要任何輔助工具即可實現(xiàn)快速開關護罩, 操作靈活方便, 防護效果更好。
4) 鑄鐵底座
該機采用鑄鐵底座, 與鋼板底座相比, 具有結構堅固、不變形、減震和抑制噪聲等優(yōu)點; 機體采用上下剖分式結構, 上部側機架采用優(yōu)質鋼板焊接而成, 上下部分用螺絲聯(lián)接, 中間有減震墊, 整機無論從功能、壽命、美觀、操 作和維護等方面都進行了優(yōu)化設計, 具有優(yōu)越的綜合性能。
3. 磨粉機結構設計
1） 磨輥組
2.1 磨輥組自承研磨力結構
單獨承受應力磨輥組結構簡單、操作靈敏?？燧佪S承座6 固定在支撐橫梁13 上, 慢輥軸承座8 騎跨在支撐橫梁上, 與偏心輪12 配合, 氣缸14 的活塞桿伸出與縮回使轉臂15 旋轉, 同時偏心輪轉動, 使慢輥軸承座相對快輥中心平動, 完成磨輥離合閘動作, 見圖2 。
2.2 粗調軋距
調整粗調螺母5 , 通過拉桿7 帶動預壓碟形彈簧組10 、慢輥軸承座8繞偏心輪12 轉動, 使慢輥中心相對快輥中心前后移動, 使軋距得到調整。
2.3 微調軋距
轉動微調手輪1 , 微調螺桿3 驅使微調杠桿4 繞支點旋轉, 驅使氣缸移動, 使轉臂15 旋轉, 帶動偏心輪、慢輥軸承座移動, 使慢輥中心與快輥中心產(chǎn)生相對位置的改變。由于杠桿比較大, 軋距調整準確, 更為省力。
2） 輥間傳動
2.4 三輪系傳動結構
MME 新型磨粉機的輥間采用三輪系傳動結構, 布局合理、結構緊湊, 并選用齒楔帶傳遞動力。該齒楔帶具有軸向定位功能, 在傳遞過程中不跑偏、不跳齒。該齒楔帶采用了性能優(yōu)良的新型材料, 抗拉體采用強度高、延伸率小的進口玻璃纖維和鋼絲繩, 本體層為綜合性能優(yōu)良的氯丁橡膠, 齒楔帶表面覆蓋的尼龍織物具有低摩擦和高耐磨性, 因此齒楔帶是目前磨粉機輥間傳動的最佳選擇。
2.5 張緊輪
原張緊輪為楔輪, 在加工、裝配過程中難度大, 尤其是裝配時快輥輪和張緊輪的軸線必須平行, 相關的三帶輪的軸向定位必須確保每一根齒楔帶在垂直于輪軸的各自的運動平面內運動, 若有一輪發(fā)生軸向位移, 勢必造成齒楔帶與輪上齒槽的嚙合發(fā)生偏離, 使齒楔受力不均, 齒楔磨損快,最終導致整條帶搓齒、斷齒以致于斷裂。而現(xiàn)在張緊輪設計改進為光輪,降低楔輪的加工難度, 提高了加工精度, 當帶輪在裝配發(fā)生較小位移時,齒楔帶的楔齒不再受張緊輪齒槽的限制, 從而減少齒楔帶的磨損, 提高了
齒楔帶的使用壽命。
2.6 彈性張緊結構
過去張緊結構為剛性調整結構,齒楔帶在傳遞過程中, 齒楔帶的長度有微量變化時, 就必須調整張緊輪的位置, 否則就會影響齒楔帶的使用壽命?，F(xiàn)用彈性張緊結構能自動補償,齒楔帶長度的微量變化不需隨時調整張緊輪的位置。我廠通過反復實踐對比, 證明了改用彈性張緊結構, 齒楔帶的壽命延長了3～5 倍。
3） 喂料系統(tǒng)
磨粉機要保持穩(wěn)定、高產(chǎn)、高效地運行, 喂料系統(tǒng)就應將一定流量的物料, 以一定的速度均勻準確地喂入研磨區(qū)。喂料效果的好壞直接影響研磨效果及出粉率的高低。同時, 喂料連續(xù)均勻, 對減少磨輥的磨損, 延長磨輥及軸承的壽命也有著重要的意義。
3.1 簡單有效的喂料機構
確保喂料的均勻性為了達到最好的喂料效果, 對喂料輥與磨輥之間的位置關系進行了合理的定位。應用特殊的喂料活動擋板機構, 使進料筒與喂料輥之間有足夠的自由散落角度與空間; 加之喂料門的開啟靈活方便, 喂料輥的齒形根據(jù)用戶工藝位置以及來料的不同在梯形齒、螺紋齒、矩形齒、絞龍齒及光軸
之間方便地選擇。
3.2 變頻喂料系統(tǒng)
為了保證喂料的穩(wěn)定性, 采用最先進的變頻喂料系統(tǒng), 其基本工作程序是: 磨粉機料位的高低由料位傳感器檢測后, 通過接口板的A/ D 轉換輸入PLC 控制器, 控制器再根據(jù)輸入的料位信號, 輸出一個模擬信號到變頻器, 由變頻器控制喂料電機的轉速, 從而準確控制磨粉機的料位。喂料輥電機的轉速可在40～260r/ min的范圍內根據(jù)料位的高低自動無級變速, 上下喂料輥由同步齒形帶按一定的速比傳遞, 使入磨物料保持基本穩(wěn)定, 面粉質量也得到了保證。
3.3 簡單、方便、衛(wèi)生的清理活動單元
在料倉的清理方面, 我們沒有機械地照搬國外的磨粉機, 把喂料輥做為一個整體移出, 增加零部件的作法, 而是從生產(chǎn)實際出發(fā), 在中心橫梁與喂料輥之間加活動板, 方便簡單的機構達到了同樣的清理效果, 很方便地清理喂料輥后面的積垢, 從而提高了衛(wèi)生標準, 也降低了裝配和維修
的難度。
3.4 增加負壓吸風裝置, 改善喂料狀況, 提高研磨效果
在喂料輥下部與研磨區(qū)之上設計了一種特殊的吸風道, 即負壓吸風裝置。該裝置能降低物料入磨時因兩輥相向旋轉產(chǎn)生的“泵氣”現(xiàn)象, 并降低磨膛的溫度和濕度, 這對于心磨、渣磨可提高流量, 不噴粉, 并提高研磨效果。同時, 上磨門的玻璃能經(jīng)常保持清潔、透明, 可以很好地觀察喂料室的工況。
4） 刮刀清理光輥
先進的磨粉機都是用刮刀清理光輥, 刮刀比刷子清理得更干凈衛(wèi)生。我廠設計的刮刀清理機構裝配簡單、調整容易, 耗電量降低了30 %左右,現(xiàn)已在多數(shù)面粉廠家使用, 用戶反映效果比刷子好得多。
5） 電控系統(tǒng)
整個控制系統(tǒng)的元件、顯示面板、模塊、PLC 都選用進口電器, 整個編程控制系統(tǒng)的設計更科學、更準確、更齊全、抗干擾能力更強。單臺磨粉機的控制箱安裝在機體的正前方, 多臺磨粉機的電器元件也可集中安裝在遠離磨粉機的控制柜里面, 實行分別控制, 從而遠離粉塵源, 保護電器元件, 提高控制質量, 便于安裝維修。
6） 質量的保證
為了保證磨粉機的整體質量, 我廠對該機各零部件的加工工藝和精度做了高技術的要求。在加工、裝配、檢查等各個環(huán)節(jié)都嚴格地按質量標準執(zhí)行。為了保證整體的使用性能, 關鍵的零件如軸承采用瑞典SKF 自動調心滾子軸承; 氣動元件采用日本SMC 公司的元件; 磨輥、碟形彈簧、標準件等采用國內最好廠家的產(chǎn)品。
4. 結束語
綜上所述, 我們推出的MME 新型磨粉機, 具有外觀布局更合乎人機工程學原理, 鑄鐵底座綜合性能更優(yōu)良, 承受研磨應力的獨立單元結構更先進, 調節(jié)軋距更省力方便, 先進的齒楔帶、自動補償?shù)膹椥詮埦o裝置,易調整的刮刀清理結構, 國際領先的控制系統(tǒng)等突出的優(yōu)點。同時, 該機在用戶的需求下也可安裝氣控伺服喂料系統(tǒng)?？傊? MME 新型磨粉機被專家認為是當今國際領先、國內一流
的磨粉機。
MME new milling machine design
Author: Patton WJ Translator: 程本
【Abstract】: MME on the characteristics of a new milling machine, such as the appearance of the layout, cast iron base, since the mill for grinding roll group, and elastic tension
Structure, frequency feeding system, scraper, such as cleaning up a brief description and analysis.
【Key words】: Mill; Roll; frequency feeding system
1. MME-milling machine introduced
MME Mill Food Machinery Factory is the 2005 launch of a new model,
The aircraft is in MDDK Mill for nearly 10 years on the basis of the practice, absorbing the advanced experience at home and abroad, the development of a new milling machine, a milling machine MDDK have the following characteristics:
1） appearance in line with ergonomic, an external door opened, the work of the
inspection, to facilitate the replacement of components, and effort.
Cast iron base of integrated high-performance
2） observe the tube into a cone-shaped oval. Oval tube observed not only beautiful
shape, and no dead ends, the expected improvement of the conditions and difficult to stick materials.
3） rolling from the adjustment effort, easily. Regulating different principle, to change
the force, under the boot, easy to adjust to the ideal state.
4） rolling bodies from the air conditioning locking. Milling machine at home and
abroad for almost all the mechanical locking, MME Mill for the realization of pneumatic locking, easy to operate, the absolute lock.
5） the unique flexibility with automatic compensation tooth wedge tensioning device.
The device can automatically trace the length of compensation with improved with the changes in life.
6） Blade automatic clearance from agencies. When Mill from the rolling mill roll, and
Roller Blade automatic separation, eliminate scraper and roller mill in the absence of direct friction material circumstances, the protection of Roller, raising scraper life.
7） simple feed roller clean-up unit. Feeding roll relocation can not be very easy to clean
up after fouling feed roller, clean-up activities unit, milling machines to improve the health status and reduce the assembly and maintenance difficult.
2. A unique form factor
1) Mill appearance
As shown in Figure 1, the body height of the milling machine, grinding roll centre height and fine-tuning hand wheel center height, the housings of height, the body radius of the transition, Housing radius and the overall shape of the distribution, and other technical parameters were by Image Design Conducted; aircraft designs of national patents, patent No. ZL 01 3 4997216.
2) The entrance of materials
The entrance of materials into the cone-shaped oval for the use of quality plexiglass plate overall molding, not only aesthetic appearance, for observation, but also better able to make materials distributed evenly gravity feed to the full-length on the roll.
3) rotating shielding
Mill use of revolving door on both sides of shielding structure, simply reverse handle to open and close automatically after rely on magnetic absorption in the body, do not need any tool to achieve rapid switch shielding, operating flexibility, protection Better.
4) cast iron base
The aircraft used cast iron base, compared with the base plate, a solid structure, deformation, damping and noise suppression, and other advantages of using the body from top to bottom mesh structure, the upper side of a high-quality steel frame welded together, from top to bottom part with a spring-connected , Damping the middle pad with two in terms of function, life, beauty, operation and maintenance, and other aspects of the design has been optimized, integrated with superior performance.
3. Mill structural design
1) Roller Group
1.1 Roller grinding of the group
self-supporting structure Roller alone to bear the stress group structure is simple, sensitive operations. Express roller bearing fixed at 6 support beams 13, the slow roller bearing 8 to ride in support of cross-beams, and the round of 12 with eccentric, the 14-cylinder piston rod to turn out and the retractable arm 15 rotating, Eccentric round of rotation, so that at a relatively slow roller bearings fast-moving roller center, complete roll grinding moves from the reclosure, shown in Figure 2.
1.2 from the rough-rolling
Rough-nut adjustment 5, 7 driven by drawbars preloading disc spring Group 10, Block 8 slow roller bearings around the eccentric round of 12 rotating, so that relatively slow roller center before and after moving faster roll center, rolling from the get adjusted.
1.3 fine-tuning before rolling
Moment of fine-tuning a hand wheel, fine-tuning screw driven by three fine-tuning lever fulcrum around 4 rotation, driven by mobile cylinder, to arm 15 rotating, driven eccentric round, moving at slow roller bearings so that the slow roll center and a center roll faster relative position Changes. As more leverage, rolling from the adjustment accurate, more effort.
2) Roll of transmission
2.1 Three of the transmission structure
MME New Mill between the use of the roll of three transmission structure, a rational layout, compact and optional power transmission belt tooth wedge. The tooth wedge
With a axial targeting, in no deviation in the transfer process, not jump teeth. The tooth with a wedge of the excellent performance of new materials, high tensile strength of use, extension of the import of small glass fibers and rope, into an integrated body of the excellent performance of the chloroprene rubber, wedge tooth surface covered with nylon fabric with low Friction and high wear resistance, the tooth wedge milling machine with rollers is the best choice of transmission.
2.2 Take-up round
The take-up round for the round of wedge in the processing and assembly process is very difficult, especially when the assembly is quick roll round and round the axis of tension must be parallel, related to the three pulley axial positioning must ensure that each wedge with tooth root Perpendicular to the axle in the respective sports plane of the movement, if one occurred axial displacement, it is bound to cause tooth wedge zone and on the alveolar round departure from the engagement occurred, the teeth are Shouli Bu wedge, wedge tooth wear faster, leading to The whole of rubbing with teeth, broken teeth resulting in the fracture. Now take-up round-round to improve design, reduce wedge round of the difficulty of processing and improve the accuracy of processing, when the pulley assembly in a smaller displacement, with the teeth wedge wedge teeth no longer subject to the restrictions of tension round alveolar , Thus reducing tooth wedge with the wear and improve the Tooth wedge with life.
2.3 flexible tension structure (see Figure 3)
Tension over the past rigid structure for structural adjustment, with teeth in the wedge in the course of transmission, gear wedge with a trace changes in the length of time, we must adjust the location of tension round, otherwise will affect the teeth wedge with life. Tension is flexible structure can be used automatic compensation, the length of the tooth wedge with no trace changes at any time take-up round of the location. I plant through repeated practice contrast to prove that the flexibility to switch to take-up structure, with teeth wedge to extend the life span of three to five times.
3) Feeding System
Mill confidential remained stable, high-yield, efficient operation, the feeding system should be on a certain flow of materials to a uniform rate of accurate feeding ground area. Feeding results have a direct impact on the grinding effects and the level of extraction rate. At the same time, feed for uniformity, to reduce the wear and tear roll grinding, grinding to extend the life of roller bearings and also have an important Italian Justice.
3.1 Feeding the simple and effective
institutions to ensure that Feeding the uniformity of the feed in order to achieve the best results, the feed roll and roll grinding relationship between the location of a reasonable position. Feeding activities of the special baffle institutions, and feed into the roll between Liaotong have sufficient freedom of the scattered point of view and space; In addition, feed the door open flexible, roll-feed the profile of users based on location and to The different materials in the trapezoidal teeth, tooth thread, rectangular teeth, teeth-cutter and optical axis
To choose between convenience.
3.2 Frequency feeding system
In order to ensure the stability of feed, using the most advanced frequency-feed system,
and the basic procedures are: Mill at the level expected by Level sensors detect, through the interface board of A / D converter input PLC controller , Controller accordance with the expected signal input and output to an analog signal converter from the inverter control feed motor speed, accurate control of the Mill Level. Feeding roller motor speed in the 40 ~ 260 r / min within the scope of materials based on the level of automatic CVT, from top to bottom-feed roller by the timing belt on a certain ratio transmission, make the mill to maintain the basic stability of materials , Flour quality has been guaranteed.
3.3 a simple, convenient and clean-up activities of the health unit
Silo in the clean-up, we did not mechanically copy the foreign Mill, the feed roll out as a whole, the increase in parts of practice, but from the production reality, in the centre between the beams and feed roller Increase activity boards, agencies to facilitate a simple cleaning up the same effect, it is easy to clean up after the feed roller fouling, thereby improving the health standards, but also reduce the assembly and maintenance more difficult.
3.4 increase vacuum suction device wind
feeding conditions improve, enhance grinding effects In the bottom and feed roller Grinding area on the design of a special Suction Road, which winds vacuum suction device. The device can reduce the material to the mill roll in both directions due to the two rotating the "pump gas" phenomenon, and lower the mill bore the temperature and humidity, the heart grinding, grinding residue can increase traffic, dusting, polishing and improving results . At the same time, the grinding of glass doors kept clean, transparent, can be well observed feeding room conditions.
4) Scraper cleaning Roll
Advanced milling machines are used scraper cleaning-roller, scraper brushes clean up more than clean health. I plant clean-up institutions designed scraper assembly simple, easy adjustment, reducing power consumption by 30 percent, is now in the majority of mills home use, users reflect the results are much better than the brush.
5) Electronic Control System
The control system components, display panels, modules, PLC imports of electrical appliances are selected, the entire programming control system design more scientific, more accurate and complete, stronger anti-interference capability. Single milling machine installed in the control box in front of the body, multiple Mill electrical components can also be installed in focus away from the milling machine inside the control cabinet, the implementation of the respective control, away from the dust sources, protection of electrical components And enhance quality control, easy to install maintenance.
6) Quality assurance
In order to ensure the overall quality of milling machine, I plant on the aircraft parts and precision processing technology to do high-tech requirements. In processing, assembly, inspection, and other areas are strictly according to quality standards. In order to ensure the overall performance, the key components such as the use of the Swedish SKF Bearing automatically aligning roller bearings, aerodynamic components used Japanese SMC company's components; Roll, disc spring, using standard parts, and other domestic manufacturers of the best products.
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4. Conclusion
To sum up, we launch the new MME milling machine, with exterior layout will be more ergonomic, cast iron base of comprehensive performance better, grinding bear the stress of an independent unit structure is more advanced, rolling from the adjustment effort to facilitate more advanced The tooth wedge zone, automatic compensation of flexibility tensioning device, easy to clean up structural adjustment of the scraper, a leading international control system, and highlights the advantages. At the same time, the aircraft on the user's needs can also be installed under the servo-controlled feeding system. In short, MME New Mill were experts believe is the leading international and domestic first-class
The milling machine.