英文標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的使用.doc
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畢業(yè)論文/論文格式 英文標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的使用 英文標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的使用 句點(diǎn)(full stop / period,“.”) 問號(hào)(question mark,“?”) 感嘆號(hào)(exclamation mark,“!”) 逗點(diǎn)(comma,“,”) 冒號(hào)(colon,“:”) 分號(hào)(semicolon,“;”) 連字符(hyphen,“-”) 連接號(hào)(en dash,“–”) 破折號(hào)(em dash,“—”) 括號(hào)(parentheses,小括號(hào)“( )”;中括號(hào)“[]”;大括號(hào)“{}”) 引號(hào)(quotation marks,雙引號(hào)“"”;單引號(hào)“‘”) 縮寫及所有格符號(hào)(apostrophe,“‘”) 一、.句點(diǎn) 1.句點(diǎn)用于當(dāng)一句話完全結(jié)束時(shí)。 2.句點(diǎn)也可以用于英文單詞的縮寫,如 mrs., dr., p.s. 等。但要注意的是當(dāng)縮寫的字母 形成了一個(gè)單詞的時(shí)候就不要使用句點(diǎn)。如 ibm, dna 等。 二、?問號(hào) 問號(hào)要用在一個(gè)直接的問句,而不是間接的。 如 how will you solve the problem? 是正確的用法,但用在 i wonder how you will solve the problem?就不對(duì)了,應(yīng)該使用句點(diǎn)而不是問號(hào)。 另外,在客氣的用語中,也是用句點(diǎn)而不是問號(hào). 如 will you please give me a call tomorrow. 三、! 感嘆號(hào) 感嘆號(hào)用于感嘆和驚嘆的陳述中,在商業(yè)寫作中要注意感嘆號(hào)的應(yīng)用,因?yàn)椴磺‘?dāng)?shù)氖褂? 會(huì)顯得突兀及不穩(wěn)重。 四、;分號(hào) 1.與中文一樣,分號(hào)用于分隔地位平等的獨(dú)立子句。在某些情況下,使用分號(hào)比使用句點(diǎn) 更顯出子句之間的緊密聯(lián)系,另外分號(hào)也經(jīng)常與連接副詞 thus, however, therefore一起 使用(放在這些詞語之前)。如 i realize i need exercise; however, i’ll lie down first to think about it. 2.在句子中如果已經(jīng)使用過逗點(diǎn),為了避免歧義的產(chǎn)生,就用分號(hào)來分隔相似的內(nèi)容。如 the employees were tom hanks, the manager; jim white, the engineer; and dr. jack lee. 需要注意的是:一個(gè)完整的句子以大寫字母開始,以句點(diǎn)結(jié)束。寫英文時(shí)用逗點(diǎn)代替句點(diǎn) 、分號(hào)、冒號(hào)或破折號(hào)叫“逗號(hào)錯(cuò)”,這正是中國學(xué)生所要避免的。請(qǐng)比較下列例句: 誤:it was raining hard, they could not work in the fields. ?。ㄗ⒁猓荷厦婢渥又袆?rùn)M線的部分是兩個(gè)不同的主語,而且逗點(diǎn)前后的句子是完整的----- 單獨(dú)拿出來都能代表一個(gè)完整的意思。因此,用逗號(hào)違反了英文規(guī)定,即一個(gè)句子只能有 一套主干。) 正:it was raining hard; they could not work in the fields. it was raining hard. they could not work in the fields. it was raining so hard that they could not work in the fields. they could not work in the fields because it was raining hard. it was raining hard, so they could not work in the fields. as it was raining hard, they could not work in the fields. 誤:the essay is poorly organized, there is no central idea. 正:the essay is poorly organized; there is no central idea. the essay is poorly organized: there is no central idea. 五、:冒號(hào) 1.冒號(hào)用于對(duì)后面內(nèi)容的介紹或解釋,如 this is her plan: go shopping. 2.冒號(hào)用于名單之前,特別是一個(gè)豎排的名單。 we transferred three employees to new branches: ? tony wang to new york city ? mike jackson to tokyo ? mark foster to paris 當(dāng)名單橫排的時(shí)候,冒號(hào)要用在一個(gè)完整的句子之后,如 we need seven people: three students, three engineers, and a professor. 3.冒號(hào)用于一個(gè)正式的引用之前。如 the professor said: “it was horrible.” 4.冒號(hào)也可用于商業(yè)或正式信函的稱謂后面,如 dear mr. lee:(美國英語中,信件或演說 詞的稱呼語之后用冒號(hào),而在英國英語中多用逗號(hào)。) 5.冒號(hào)用于數(shù)字時(shí)間的表示,如16:45 或 4:45 p.m. 6.冒號(hào)用于主標(biāo)題和副標(biāo)題之間,如 web directory: world and non-u.s. economic data 六、,逗點(diǎn) 1.逗點(diǎn)用于分隔一系列的簡(jiǎn)單內(nèi)容,如 i will go to shanghai, beijing, and shenzhen. 2.逗點(diǎn)用于修飾名詞的多個(gè)形容詞之間,如 a small, fancy bike 3.逗點(diǎn)用于連接兩個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的獨(dú)立子句,而且每個(gè)句子的主語不同,如 the grizzlies were out of timeouts, and miller missed a desperation 3-pointer as time expired. 4.逗點(diǎn)用于關(guān)聯(lián)的子句之間,如 since he’s your younger brother, please take care of him. 5.逗點(diǎn)用于一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的修飾短語之后,如 in the middle of the coldest winter on record, the pipes froze. 6.逗- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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