2013年高考英語《Unit 4 Global warming》要點梳理+重點突破 新人教版選修6

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111 選修6　Unit 4　Global warming 要 點 梳 理 高效梳理·知識備考 ●重點單詞 1．phenomenon n．現(xiàn)象→phenomena pl. 2．subscribe vi.同意；捐贈；訂閱 vt.(簽署)文件；捐助 3．quantity n．量；數(shù)量→quality n．質量；品質 4．tend vi.趨向；易于；照顧 vt.照顧；護理→tendency n．傾向；趨勢 5．trend n．趨勢；傾向；走向 6．oppose vt.反對；反抗；與(某人)較量→opposed adj.反對的；對立的 7．consequence n．結果；后果；影響 8．state vt.陳述；說明→statement n．說明 9．range n．種類；范圍 10．glance vi.看一下；掃視 n．一瞥 11．steady adj.平穩(wěn)的；持續(xù)的；穩(wěn)固的→steadily adv.平穩(wěn)地；持續(xù)地 12．widespread adj.分布廣的；普遍的 13．average adj.平均的 14．circumstance n．環(huán)境；情況 15．refresh vt.使恢復；使振作 16．contribution n．貢獻→contribute v．貢獻 ●重點短語 1．come about　　　　發(fā)生；造成 2．subscribe to 同意；贊成；訂購 3．quantities of 大量的 4．go up 上升；增長；升起 5．result in 導致 6．be opposed to 反對…… 7．even if 即使 8．keep on 繼續(xù) 9．on the whole 大體上；基本上 10．on behalf of 代表……一方；作為……的代言人 11．put up with 忍受；容忍 12．so long_ as 只要 13．and so on 等等 ●重點句型 1．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer(see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.毫無疑問，地球正變得更加暖和(見圖表1)，而且全球轉暖是人為的，而不是隨意的自然現(xiàn)象。 2．Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. 即使我們開始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量，在(未來)幾十年或幾個世紀內，氣候仍會持續(xù)轉暖。 3．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it－if not,_turn it off！只要你在使用電器設備，你便可以把它開著。如果不用就把它關掉！ 4．It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials,_so, if you can, buy things made from recycled materials. 將新材料做成物品需要許多能量，因而，如果有可能請購買用回收材料制成的物品。 ●高考范文 (2008·江西) 學校計劃舉行英語作文競賽，主題為We Need Advice from Older Generations。請根據(jù)下列要求寫一篇作文： 你遇到了困難或問題，不知該怎么辦。你去請教一位長輩，后來問題得到了解決。要求寫清楚下面三點： 1．當時面臨的困難或問題是什么？ 2．你獲得的指教是什么？ 3．結果如何？ 注意：1.作文總詞數(shù)為100左右； 2．不能在作文中出現(xiàn)所在學校的校名和本人姓名，否則本節(jié)判為零分。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [范文] We Need Advice from Older Generations No one can deal with every problem they meet on their own. We need advice from others at times, especially from our older generations. The other day, I went to my uncle. I had had a hard time deciding which subject to major in in the university. I'd like to choose English because of my strong desire of learning languages, while my parents wanted me to major in science. Having learned my trouble, my uncle advised me to talk with my parents frankly, presenting my real thoughts. I did so.My parents understood me and agreed to respect my final choice. Remember: Go to your older generations for advice, and they will not disappoint you. 考 點 探 究 互動探究·能力備考 Ⅰ.詞匯短語過關 1．quantity n. 量；數(shù)量 a large quantity of... 許多；大量(可數(shù)；不可數(shù)) quantities of... 許多；大量 in quantity/large quantities 批量；大量 [即學即練1](1)There ______ only a small quantity of wine left.只剩下很少一點酒了。 (2)Large quantities of clothes and food ______ provided for the earthquake areas.向地震災區(qū)提供了大量的衣物和食品。 (3)The government has been buying silver ______ ______ __________.政府一直在購進大量白銀。 is are in great quantities 答案：提示：a large quantity of/quantities of 后可以跟可數(shù)名詞也可跟不可數(shù)名詞。如果該短語做主語，前者謂語動詞的單復數(shù)要依據(jù)所修飾名詞的單復數(shù)形式而定，后者無論其后的名詞可數(shù)或不可數(shù)，謂語動詞都用復數(shù)。 2．tend vi.趨向；易于；照顧 vt. 照顧；護理 tendency n．傾向；趨勢 tend to do sth.往往容易干某事 tend towards/to傾向于；趨于…… tend sb./sth.照顧，護理某人/某物 [即學即練2](1)The sort of music he listens to varies, but ______ _________ popular music. 他聽的音樂形形色色，不過傾向于流行音樂。 (2)She ______ ______ get angry when people oppose to her plan.別人反對她的計劃時，她很容易生氣。 tends towards tends to (3)The nurse skillfully ______ their wounds. 那位護士熟練地為他們包扎傷口。 tended 3．oppose vt.反對；反抗；與(某人)較量 opposed adj.相反的；對立的 oppose sth./doing sth./sb. doing sth. 反對某事/做某事/某人做某事 oppose sth. to/against sth. 使某事物與另一事物對照或對抗 be opposed to...反對……；與……對立 [即學即練3](1)He _________ the proposal to build a new hall.他反對修建新禮堂的建議。 (2)Do not ______ your will _________ mine. 不要用你的意愿和我的相抗衡。 (3)She seems very much ______ ______ your going abroad.她好像很反對你出國。 opposed oppose against opposed to 4．state vt.陳述；說明 n．狀況；政府；國家；州 in a．..state處于……狀態(tài)中 in a bad/good state處于良好(差)狀況中 state＋n./thatclause/whclause闡明…… [即學即練4](1)She was ______ ______ ________ ______ when we arrived.我們到達時，她情緒很不好。 (2)He is ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ health. 他的健康狀況不好。 (3)The witness ______ that he had not seen the woman before.該證人說他以前從未見過那個女人。 in a terrible state in a poor state of stated (4)She gave away ______ ________ to the enemy. 她把國家的機密泄露給了敵人。 (5)Please ______ ______ ______ as they are. 請如實地陳述事實。 state secrets state the facts 5．range n. 種類，范圍，幅度，界限 v. (在一定范圍內)變動，變化；排列 a wide range of 一系列…… a full range of 各種…… in/within range 在射程以內，在……范圍內 beyond/out of range 在射程外，在……范圍外 in/out of the range of 在/超出……范圍 out of one‘s range 某人能力達不到的，某人知識以外的 range from...to... 在……范圍內變動，包括由…… 到……之間的各類事物 range between...and... 在……和……范圍內變動 [即學即練5](1)The child was now ______ ______ ______ ______ of vision. 這孩子現(xiàn)在走出了她的視線。 (2)There is ______ ______ ______ ______ activities for children.有給孩子們提供的各種活動。 (3)Estimates of the damage ______ ________ $1 million ______ $5 million. 估計損失在100萬到500萬美元之間。 out of her range a full range of range between and (4)She has had a number of different jobs, _________ ______ chef ______ swimming instructor. 她做過許多不同的工作，從廚師到游泳教練。 ranging from to 6．glance vi. 一瞥，掃視，匆匆一看　n. 一瞥，掃視，掠過，閃光 glance at/about/around/round/up/down... 向……看 at a glance 立刻，一眼，(只)看一眼 at first glance 乍一看 give/take/shoot/throw a glance (at)．.. 看一眼…… glance off 擦過，掠過 [即學即練6](1)He ________ nervously ______ his watch. 他緊張不安地看了一下表。 (2)______ ______ ______ the place seemed deserted. 乍一看，這地方似乎被廢棄了。 (3)He ______ her ______ ______ ______ as she walked into the room.她走進房間時，他朝她瞥了一眼。 glanced at At first glance gave a quick glance (4)The bullet _________ ______ the side of the car. 子彈從汽車邊上擦過。 glanced off 7．average n. 平均數(shù)，一般，中等 adj. 平均的，一般的，中等的vi. 平均(達到)，平均為 the average of... ……的平均數(shù) above/below (the) average 在一般水準以上/下 on (the/an) average 按平均數(shù)計算 up to (the) average 達到水準 average out... 算出……的平均數(shù) be of average height/intelligence 中等個子/智力 [即學即練7](1)Parents spend ______ ________ ______ $200 a year on toys for their children. 父母給孩子買玩具的花費每年平均為200美元。 (2)Economic growth is expected to ________ 2% next year. 明年經濟增長預計平均可達2%。 (3)________ earnings are around ￡20000. 平均收入約為2萬英鎊 an average of average Average 8．come about 發(fā)生；造成；(風、船等)轉向 How does it come about that...? ……是怎樣發(fā)生的？ It comes about like this... 事情是這樣發(fā)生的…… come across 偶遇；碰到 come along 進展；進行 come out 公開；問世；出版；被發(fā)行 come round 恢復知覺；蘇醒過來 come to 涉及；共計；達到 come up with 提出 come up 上來；被提出；發(fā)芽 [即學即練8](1)Can you tell me ______ the accident ______ ______？ 你能告訴我事故是怎樣發(fā)生的嗎？ (2)______ ______ ______ ______ ______ that he knew where we were? 他是怎樣知道我們在什么地方的呢？ about how came about How did it come 提示：come about, happen, take place和 break out 這四個表示“發(fā)生”的詞語，都是不及物動詞， 不可用于被動語態(tài)。 9．result in 導致 result from... 由……而引起 as a result 結果 as a result of... 由于……的原因 in the result 結果(是) with the result that 為此；因此 [即學即練9](1)His carelessness _________ ______ a serious blunder.他的粗心使他犯了一個嚴重的錯誤。 (2)His illness ________ ______ bad food. 他的疾病是食物變質引起的。 (3)______ ______ ______， we lost our way. 結果，我們迷路了。 results in resulted from As a result 10．keep on 繼續(xù) keep on doing＝go on doing＝continue doing/to do 繼續(xù)做…… keep sb./sth. doing sth. 讓某人/某物一直做某事 keep sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止某人/某物做某事 keep down 控制，壓制 keep up保持，維持；繼續(xù) keep up with 跟上，不落在……后面 keep away 避開，離開，使不靠近 keep back 隱瞞(某事)，阻止 keep off 讓開，不接近 keep out of... 置身于……之外 keep together 聚在一起，協(xié)調一致 keep...in mind 記住…… keep in touch with... 與……保持聯(lián)系 提示：keep doing sth. 表示動作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，連續(xù)不斷地或反復地做；keep on doing sth. 表示動作的反復，動作之間略有間隔。 [即學即練10](1)Don‘t _______ ______ _______ such noise.不要老是發(fā)出這樣的噪音。 (2)Don’t ______ ______ such foolish things. 不要老是做這樣的傻事。 (3)I will ______ ______ ________ until I reach my goal! 我還是要繼續(xù)奮斗直到成功！ keep on making keep doing keep on striving 11．put up with 忍受；容忍 put aside節(jié)省，儲蓄，儲存 put down寫下，記下，擊敗，平定 put forward提出建議，把……向前撥 put off延期，推遲 put on穿上，戴上，演出 put out熄滅，撲滅 put through接通電話 [即學即練11](1)I can‘t ______ ______ ______ your rudeness any more; leave the room. 我不能再忍受你這種無禮的態(tài)度了，請離開這個房間。 (2)No longer being able to ______ ______ ______ my toothache, I went to consult a dentist. 我再也忍受不住牙痛，于是就去找牙科醫(yī)生診治。 put up with put up with (3)Can you ______ me _________ to reservation? 你可以給我接客房部嗎？ (4)He ______ ________ a good plan at the meeting. 他在會議上提出了一項好計劃。 put through put forward Ⅱ.重點句型詳解 1．Even_if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.即使我們開始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量，在(未來)幾十年或幾個世紀內，氣候仍會持續(xù)轉暖。 even if＝even though引導讓步狀語從句，意為“即使，縱使”。 ①Even if we achieve great success in our work, we should not be conceited. 即使我們在工作中取得了巨大的成功，也不應該自滿。 ②Even if some foreigners speak ill of our Shenzhou Ⅶ spaceship, we still stick to the route of peaceful exploration of the space. 即便某些外國人對中國“神舟”七號說三道四，但我們仍將堅持和平探索太空的路線不動搖。 [即境活用1]　(1)Jack felt grateful to his teacher ______ he couldn’t find words to express it. A．as if　　　　　　　　　B．even though C．so that D．now that 解析：句意：盡管無法用言語表達，但Jack仍對老師感激不盡。只有even though符合句意要求。 答案：B (2)The government should protect the old valuable buildings ______ they are not in harmony with the modern ones nearby. A．even though B．as if C．so that D．now that 解析：句意為：雖然這些古建筑與附近現(xiàn)代化建筑物不協(xié)調，但政府有必要保護它們。只有even though表示讓步的意義。 答案：A 2．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as you are using it—if not, turn it off! 在使用電器設備時你可以把它一直開著，如果不用把它關掉！ as/so long as 意為“只要”，用來引導條件狀語從句。 ①As long as you can be back before 10 o‘clock, you can go out. 只要你10點鐘前能回來，你可以外出。 ②As long as you accept our conditions, we‘ll start working immediately. 只要你答應我們的條件，我們就立即開始工作。 歸納拓展：as far as “到達某個提及的地方”和“在……范圍內；就……而言”。 as many as “多達……”“達到……之多”。與可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)連用。 as much as “多達……”“達到……之多”。與不可數(shù)名詞連用。 as soon as 作“一……就”解，引導時間狀語從句。 as well as 不僅后者，前者也……；除……之外 as good as 和……一樣好，實際上相當于…… [即境活用2]　(2008·全國Ⅰ)—Have you got any idea for the summer vacation? —I don't mind where we go ______ there's sun, sea and beach. A．as if B．as long as C．now that D．in order that 解析：as long as “只要”，引導條件狀語從句。 答案：B 易 錯 點 撥 自我完善·誤區(qū)備考 1. glance/glare/stare/glimpse (1)glance 指快速地看某人或某物一眼。 (2)glare 指以強烈的敵意或怒氣，威嚇般注視。 (3)stare 指由于生氣、害怕或吃驚而睜大眼睛注視某人或某物。 (4)glimpse 意為“瞥見”，是 glance 動作的結果。 1. [應用1]　用 glance, glare, stare, glimpse 的適當形式填空 (1)He walked and ________ at his watch now and then. (2)They ________ at each other across the table after the quarrel. (3)The children ______ at the stranger with open eyes. glanced glared stared (4)He ________ a short whitehaired figure heading for the back door. glimpsed 2. average/common/ordinary/usual/general/normal (1)average“普通的；平常的；一般的”，強調事物處于平均水平。 (2)common“普通的”，強調常見的，大家都有的；也可解釋為“共同的，共有的”。 (3)ordinary“平常的，普通的”，強調沒有任何特別之處。 (4)usual“通常的”，一般指和過去一貫的，一樣的。 (5)general一般的，大體的 (6)normal正常的 [應用2]　(1)It is very _________ for him to get up so early. 他早起是很自然的事情。 (2)I plan to meet you at the ______ place. 我計劃和你在老地方碰面。 (3)Skim the passage and tell the _______ idea of it. 瀏覽全文，說出大意。 normal usual general (4)It was an _________ piece of work. 那是一件普通的產品。 (5)Flu is a ______ disease. 流行感冒是常見病。 (6)It was an _________ lunch of soup and rice. 這是一頓由湯和米飯組成的普通午餐。 average common ordinary 3. take place/come about/happen/occur/break out 都有“發(fā)生”之意，并且都用做不及物動詞，即無被動語態(tài)。 (1)take place強調必然性或按事先的安排而發(fā)生。 (2)happen, come about多為偶然發(fā)生。 (3)break out多指戰(zhàn)爭、火災、地震、疾病等的突然發(fā)生。 (4)occur多指意想不到的事情的發(fā)生。 [應用3]　(1)Argument occasionally ______ between them.他們之間偶爾也發(fā)生爭論。 (2)How did it ____________ that they knew where we were? 他們是怎么知道我們在什么地方的呢？ (3)When does the meeting ______________？ 會議什么時候舉行？ occurs come about take place (4)If anything _________ to you, let me know. 要是你出了什么事，就告訴我。 (5)Fire ______________ during the night. 夜間突然發(fā)生了火災。 happens broke out 高 效 作 業(yè) 自我測評·技能備考 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．A large q______________ of air－conditioners has been sold since the temperature is high. 2．Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous c_______________. 3．The a__________ of 4, 5 and 9 is 6. 4．Several cars are available within this price r_________. 5．Many beautiful fish are fast disappearing because of the severe p_____________. quantity　 consequences average range pollution 6．The personnel manager ______________ (瀏覽) down the list of names of the applicants. 7．We are making slow but __________(穩(wěn)步的) progress. 8．Their so－called prosperity is only a temporary ________________ (現(xiàn)象)． 9．The recent ____________ (分歧) points up the differences between the two sides. 10．The pie is not very hot. Can you use the __________(微波爐) to heat it a bit more? glanced　 steady phenomenon disagreement microwave Ⅱ .單項選擇 1．Have you seen the paper today? ______ go the prices again! A．On　　　　　　　　　　B．Ahead C．Out D．Up 答案：D 解析：句意：你看今天的報紙了嗎？價格又上漲了！up為副詞，放于句首，句子要全部倒裝。 2．—How do you find the football match between Guangdong and Liaoning? —There is nothing special. It is only ______. A．average B．ordinary C．common D．usual 答案：A 解析：average在此指“中等的，一般的”。ordinary普通的；common常見的；usual 通常的。 3．You must ______ working in the evening, unless you are sure you can finish the task in time. A．keep on B．try on C．get on D．insist on 答案：A 解析：keep on doing 繼續(xù)做某事。try on嘗試；get on 上車；insist on 堅持。 4．She will have to find some other work for she can't ______ this loud noise any more. A．come up with B．keep up with C．grow up with D．put up with 答案：D 解析：考查動詞短語。put up with“忍受，忍耐”合題意。come up with 提出，keep up with 追上，趕上；無 grow up with搭配。 5．My mother was very much opposed to ______ abroad. A．me go B．me to go C．my going D．I went 答案：C 解析：be opposed to“反對”，后接名詞、動名詞做賓語。 6．－Rose lost her job again. －Don’t worry. There is ______ work for girls of her age. A．too much B．a number of C．plenty of D．quantity of 答案：C 解析：考查短語辨析。plenty of“大量，許多”修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞；too much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，通常有責備之意；a number of只能修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)；D項應該改為a quantity of。 7．The girl ______ shyly at the young fellow from behind his fans. A．glanced B．glimpsed C．glared D．stared 答案：A 解析：glance指快速地看一眼。glimpse意為“瞥見”，強調結果；glare“怒視”；stare at指由于生氣、害怕或吃驚等睜大眼睛注視某人或某物。 8．—What is the cost of your skirts here, sir? —It depends on which fashion you want to buy, and the prices ______ from 100 dollars to 500 dollars. A．increase B．range C．reach D．different 答案：B 解析：range from...to...“從……到……范圍內變動”。D項應為 be different from...to...。 9．(2010·上海春招)There is no obvious evidence ______ there is life on any other planet in the solar system. A．which B．that C．how D．where 答案：B 解析：考查名詞性從句。此處是that引導同位語從句對evidence進行具體的說明。語意：沒有明顯的證據(jù)表明在太陽系的其他行星上有生命存在。據(jù)此選B項。 10．You have made a few mistakes in your composition but ______， it's well written. A．first of all B．on the whole C．on the other hand D．so far 答案：B 解析：on the whole 大體上，基本上。first of all 首先；on the other hand 另一方面；so far 到目前為止。 11．Any damage ______ negligence must be paid for by the borrower. A．resulting in B．resulting from C．resulted from D．resulted in 答案：B 解析：句意：任何由于疏忽引起的損害必須由借者償賠。resulting from 為現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語。 12．—How did it ______ that you made such a silly mistake? —I myself haven't figured it out yet. A．bring about B．come about C．come across D．come on 答案：B 解析：句型 How does it come about that...？意為：“……是怎么回事？”bring about 導致，引起；come across 偶然碰到；come on 加油。 13. ______ he does his work, I don't mind what time he arrives at the office. A．So far as B．So long as C．In case D．Meanwhile 答案：B 解析：考查 so long as “只要”，引導條件狀語從句。so far as “據(jù)……，就……”；in case 以防萬一；meanwhile 與此同時。 14．(2010·江西玉山一中)The five－year－old boy ______， the whole family burst into tears. A．kidnap B．kidnapped C．was kidnapped D．was kidnapping 答案：B 解析：考查獨立主格結構。語意：這個5歲的男孩被綁架后，全家人號啕大哭。前半句是獨立主格結構，在句中作狀語，the five－year－old boy與kidnap之間是動賓關系。 15．______the people have become masters of their country ______ science can really serve the people. A．It is only then; that B．It was that; when C．It is only when; that D．It was when; then 答案：C 解析：這是一個強調句，強調的是一個 when引導的狀語從句。 Ⅲ .完形填空 A feeling of excitement overcame me as I looked around the stadium. At 5：30 pm, two hours before game time, I walked into the locker room (更衣室). My __1__ of school, music and what I planned to do on Saturday night were __2__ with the simple aim to beat the football team across the field from us tonight. Approaching my locker, I noticed my teammates __3__ . Some rested on benches, staring up at the ceiling __4__ it were a film of the opposing team's play. Some seemed a bit more __5__， using the time to tell jokes. A few stared at the field, __6__ what will happen in 120 minutes. Our coach, Tony Severino, came out of his office at 6 o'clock. He told the team how __7__ this game was for the season, between two of the state's top teams—my school and our opposing team, Liberty High School. His words gave the team impulse(沖動) it needed to __8__. At 7：10 pm, warmups finished, we went over the game __9__ and discussed what we needed to do for the next three hours. The sound of the national anthem (莊嚴正式的歌曲)__10__ that we were only minutes from the action. Our coach usually made a final __11__ . But tonight was different. On this clear night he __12__ looked around the room at all the players and shouted, “Let's go and get them.” Even __13__ the “get” came out of his mouth, we were already __14__ our way out of the door. Outside, a few young fans reached to touch our hands, eager to be a __15__ of our school's winning tradition. When I smiled and __16__ my hand, the young faces lit up as if they had just met Superman. Seconds later, the team ran onto the __17__ , moving as a mass of blue, in front of a packed stadium. We enjoyed a noisy __18__ from fans and the fight song played by our school band. Breathing in the __19__ of one of the biggest game of the year, I felt we were sure to win. I told myself, “This was what it was all about” and __20__ that it was for moments like this that I loved high school football. 1．A. thoughts B. ideas C. pictures D. minds 2．A. covered B. mixed C. replaced D. filled 3．A. exercising B. struggling C. preparing D. previewing 4．A. in case B. even though C. as long as D. as if 5．A. relaxed B. worried C. frightened D. impressed 6．A. dreaming B. wishing C. expecting D. imagining 7．A. useless B. difficult C. available D. important 8．A. warm up B. pick up C. get up D. rise up 9．A. route B. flame C. plan D. forecast 10．A. urged B. insisted C. suggested D. stressed 11．A. speech B. preparation C. decision D. change 12．A. finally B. simply C. actually D. eventually 13．A. when B. before C. as D. since 14．A. leading B. dragging C. showing D. making 15．A. player B. friend C. part D. team 16．A. held out B. took out C. got out D. brought out 17．A. field B. stage C. yard D. garden 18．A. success B. reply C. achievement D. welcome 19．A. atmosphere B. experience C. expectation D. examination 20．A. accepted B. admitted C. realized D. recognized 答案及解析： 1．A。我原