英語(yǔ)新課標(biāo)（人教版）優(yōu)秀教案 必修一Unit2《English around》the world the 1st period

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111 Unit 2 English around the world The First Period ●從容說(shuō)課 This is the first period of this unit.This period focuses on reading.In this lesson，there are a warming up and a passage of reading “The Road To Modern English”.This warming up attracts students’ attention to the phenomenon of world English.The reading passage tells us the present situation in which English is used and the development of English.To let students to form a good habit of reading and have proper reading strategies are one of the main tasks for senior middle school English teaching，so in this period，we should teach according to this aim. In this lesson，students will have a general idea of the conception of world English by guessing some words on American English and Britain English.To arouse students’ interest，I’ll present them some typical funny stories about different kinds of English.This is to get the students ready for the reading part.Before reading the passage，students should first get familiar with the new words in the text to remove the barrier in reading.Then students are asked to guess what the text will tell us.This step is designed to train students ability to predict the content of a passage according the title.The next step is to ask students to have a general idea of the structure of the text with the purpose of improving the skill of skimming.After that，detailed reading follows.In the step，students will be asked to deal with the passage paragraph by paragraph in which they will have different tasks to finish such as true-or-false exercise，filling a form with information in the text and retelling.This step trains students’ scanning skill and conclusion skill.The last step for students is to discuss the topic “It is not necessary for we Chinese to learn English since we have our own elegant language”.This is to train students to read critically.Besides，it can arouse students’ interest in learning English. ●三維目標(biāo) 1.Knowledge： Master the words and phrases and get a view of the road to modern English. 2.Ability： Train students’ reading skill. 3.Emotion： Let students know more about English and inspire students to study English hard. ●教學(xué)重點(diǎn) The understanding and comprehension of the passage. ●教學(xué)難點(diǎn) （1）How to get to master the useful words and expressions. （2）How to improve students’ ability to read an article. ●教具準(zhǔn)備 cassette recorder，some pieces of slide ●教學(xué)過程 Step 1 Greetings T：Good morning，boys and girls! S：Good morning，teacher! Step 2 Warming up T：English is a widely used language.Do you know in which countries English is spoken as their native language？ Sa：The US，the UK，Australia，Canada... T：（a slide：Nancy：Oh，there you are.Now then，did you have a good flight？ Joe：Sure，we flew all the way direct from Seattle to London. Nancy：You must be very tired.Did you sleep at all on the plane？ Joe：No，not really.I’m very tired.Could I use your bathroom？ Nancy：Why，of course.You don’t need to ask，just make yourself at home.Let me give you a clean towel. Joe：A towel？ Nancy：Yes.Here you are.The bathroom is upstairs.It’s the second door on the left. （After a while） Nancy：Have you found it？ Joe：Well，eh，yes，I mean no.I mean，I found the bathroom，but I didn’t find what I was looking for!） Here is a short dialogue.Read it and discuss with your partner：What is it that Joe can’t find in the bathroom？Why can’t he find it？ Sb：It is the toilet. T：And why？ Sc：Perhaps when Joe says “bathroom”，he means a place，where there is a toilet.But in Nancy’s eyes，it is a place where people can only have a bath. T：You are right.Do you know why there’s a misunderstanding between them？ Sd：Because they speak different kinds of English. T：Great.There’s more than one kind of English in the world.In some important ways they’re different.They’re called world English.Can you guess what they include？ Se：Canadian，British，American，Australian and Indian English. T：Right.So you know even two native speakers of English may still not speak the same kind of English.Look at the examples on P9.Now try to guess which of the following words are British English and which are American English. Suggested answers：Am.English：mom；on a team；rubber；gas Br.English：mum；in a team；eraser；petrol Step 3 New Words T：From today on，we’ll learn something about English around the world.First of all，let’s get familiar with the new words.Yesterday I asked you to read the new words and look up the meaning of them.Now let’s have a game in which one of you tells us the meaning or the explanation of the words and the others guess which word it is.Let’s go! Suggested explanation： 1.include：have something or somebody as one of a group. e.g.：The tour included a visit to the Science Museum. 2.play a role in：have a part in 3.international：connected with two or more countries 4.native：（1）connected with the place where you have always lived or have lived for a long time （2）a person who lives in a particular place，especially sb. who has lived there a long time 5.elevator：lift 6.flat：（1）having a smooth surface （2）（Br. E） a set of rooms for living in 7.apartment：（Am. E） a set of rooms for living in 8.modern：of the present time or recent time 9.come up：to move toward 10.culture：the customs and beliefs，art，way of life and social organization of a particular country or group 11.actually：really；in fact 12.present：（1）existing or happening now （2）being in a particular place 13.rule：control 14.vocabulary：all the phrases and phrases you learn 15.usage：the way in which words are used in a language 16.identity：who or what sb./sth. is 17.government：the group of people who are responsible for controlling a country or a state 18.rapidly：fast T：That’s great!You’ve made a good preparation.Now please read the words together.（show words and explanations on the slide） Step 4 Pre-reading T：Just now，we’ve known that there’re many kinds of English in the world.Then why are there so many kinds？ Ss：We don’t know. T：Anyway，we’ll find out the cause today.Now read the title of the passage “the road to modern English”.What do you think it will tell us？ Sf：I guess it will tell us the development of English. Step 5 Skimming T：Now let’s find out whether your answer is right.So please read the passage fast in silence and find out the main idea of each paragraph. Suggested answer： Para.1：Brief introduction of the change in English. Para.2：An example of different kinds of English. Para.3：The development of English. Para.4：English spoken in some other countries. Step 6 Scanning T：You’ve mastered the structure of the passage.Now please read para.1 and 2 loud in detail. T：（several minutes later） Have you finished？Here’re some statements of which some are right while some not.Read them and then tell whether they are true or false.If false，please find out the mistake and correct it. （slides：1.Most of the English speakers in the 16th century lived in England. 2.More and more people use English as their first or 2nd language. 3.The US has the largest number of English speakers. 4.Native English speakers can understand everything because they speak the same kind of English.） Sg：The first one is true. Sh：The second one is true. Si：The third one is false.China has the largest number of English speakers. Sj：The fourth one is false.Native English speakers may not be able to understand everything because they do not speak the same kind of English. T：You did a very good job.Now please read para.3 after the tape.And then fill in the form on the screen. The Road To Modern English The cause： Cultures communicate with one another Time Things that happened Between AD 450 and 1150 Based on German 1150 to 1500 Less like German； more like French→why？→because Frenchmen ruled England then In the 1600’s Shakespeare broadened the vocabulary. A big change in English，giving its own identity→why？→caused by “American Dictionary of the English language” written by Noah Webster Later British people brought English to Australia T：We know culture communication brings about changes in English.Can you think of any effect that Chinese has on English？ Sk：In English there are some Chinese words such as gongfu，long time no see，... T：Great!With more closely communication of culture，English is changing more frequently. T：As we all know，English is spoken as the native language mostly in western countries.Then what about English in some other parts of the world？After reading the last paragraph，would you please say something about the present situation of English in your own words？ Sl：It is also spoken as a foreign or 2nd language in many other countries.For example，in India，it is used for government and education.In some African and Asian countries，it is also spoken，such as in South Africa，Singapore and Malaysia.While in China，the number of English speakers is increasing fast. T：Quite good. Step 7 Discussion T：So far，we’ve known that English is becoming more and more important in China.It has been an important subject for Chinese students.But someone say that Chinese is a much more elegant language.So it is more important for us to master it and it is not so necessary for us to master a foreign language.Do you agree with this opinion and why？ Suggested answer： I don’t agree with it.With the cultural communication becoming more and more frequent，the chance to contact foreigners，exported goods，international conferences，and so on，is more and more.As the most widely used language，English is regarded as the language used in most international situations.Thus，if we want to keep up with the times，we’d better master English and use it as a tool. Step 8 Summary and homework T：Today we’ve learned an article on “the road to modern English”.After class，you should read it again and again to get the idea of the text further.Do the exercises of comprehending and try to tell your partner something about English in our own words.That’s all for today.Class is over. ●板書設(shè)計(jì) Unit 2 English around the world The First Period New words：Main idea of each para-graph： ... ... ... ... ●活動(dòng)與探究 This activity is to make research into differences between different kinds of world English and some words from other languages in English. Divide students into two groups to do research and fill the following table in their free time. Differences Pronunciation Spelling Meaning Usage ... Words from other languages Chinese Japanese French Spanish German ... ●備課資料 Soon There Will Be No Such Thing As “Wrong” English In this article：Senior Indian journalist Gautaman Bhaskaran says that English is so flexible that one day there will be too many variations around the world. English is a victim of its own success.The other day The Times in London displayed a cartoon showing an excited schoolboy flaunting his test scores：“I done good in English.”Days later，editors of the Oxford Dictionary of English rued the spread of what they termed “greengrocer’s English”.Grammar and syntax，they regretted，were going out of fashion. Others in England—in the Oxford University Press，the BBC and so on—said the incorrect use of cliches were marring the smooth flow of a great language whose ability to imbibe and absorb has been one important reason for its success. This success also stems from the language’s unique position of being the only one spoken in most parts of the world.Really，English has no boundaries.Even in countries such as Japan and China，which were not colonized by Britain，English is making a determined “conquest”. Unfortunately，such a conquest is not always welcome because a language sometimes doubles as a political weapon.At some point it ceases to be just a means of communication and English is a classic example of this. It has always led a troubled life.It has been disliked，even hated，largely because the people who originally spoke English conquered，colonized and terrorized half the world，or just about.The animosity to the language continues，at least in some places. The bitterness that the French，for instance，have for English is a good example of a language being giving a quasi-political role in society. Fortunately，this aversion does not run as it did some years ago，and there is a growing realization that English is the lingua franca.China and Japan，among a host of other nations，have been making serious efforts to promote the language. Some months ago there was a hue and cry in Singapore over the spread of “terrible English” which the authorities called “Singlish”.“Down with it!” they said，and urged Singaporeans to learn correct English，the phenomenal flexibility of which has often made things difficult for those who have to use it every day. Today even university graduates find it hard to pen a couple of correct sentences in it.More horrifying is that many teachers and university vice-chancellors speak and write poor and ungrammatical English.Often，they are found to be out of touch with what is called “usage” and，as we all know，this is one of the pillars the language rests on. Yet，despite the mess that English is in India，the nation has—more than two centuries after Samuel Johnson wrote his English dictionary—become the hottest destination for top lexicographers. The new 10th revised edition of the Oxford Concise English Dictionary includes hundreds of Indian words.Leading the list of 600 Indian English entries are “Hindutva” （Hindu identity），“dada” （older brother），“panchayat” （local administration），“chai” （tea），“pani” （water），“puri” （a dish made of wheat） and “dosa” （rice pancake）.In fact，Indian words from 20 per cent of entries and rank as the third-largest component after American and Australian English segments.Other former British colonies such as New Zealand，South Africa and the Caribbean islands follow the Indian English collection of words. English，despite its hiccups，is endearing to the common Indian man or woman.About 150 years after Lord Macaulay introduced the language in India to create “babus” （clerks） for the British bureaucracy，70 million Indians speak English，a number that is higher than that in Britain. However，there is a sneaking fear among Puritans that with this kind of spread，English may stop being English.While the French have fanatically preserved the purity of their language，the English have liberally allowed other influences to affect their lingo.So，what is seen as its strength—the fact that people all over the world understand it—can be an undermining obstacle. There might be a serious problem if every state or continent were to have its own version of English.As one writer said：“There is a risk in relentless atomization.” With too many variations of the language，a time may come when one group of English-speaking people may not be able to understand another.This is happening.Hear the way Singaporeans speak English.Listen to the Australians pronouncing “e”；it sounds like “a”. A few of the films made lately by British directors Ken Loach and Mike Leigh had to have subtitles in English.Accents in the north of Britain can be hard for people in the south to understand，let alone those outside the island. The point is，no language must be allowed such flexibility—anything goes in the name of functional communication—that people begin to take liberties with it.Ultimately，there may be no such thing as wrong English.The schoolboy in the Times cartoon was doing just that.He knew nobody would scold him for getting his English wrong. 不久以后就沒有“錯(cuò)誤的”英語(yǔ)這一說(shuō)了 英語(yǔ)成了自身成功的犧牲品，前幾天，倫敦的《泰晤士報(bào)》刊登了一幅漫畫，上面畫了一個(gè)興高采烈的男學(xué)生炫耀他的考試成績(jī)：“I done good in English”（我的英語(yǔ)成績(jī)不錯(cuò)）。 幾天后，《牛津英語(yǔ)詞典》的編輯們對(duì)他們所定義的 “菜販子講的英語(yǔ)” 的傳播大為悲嘆。 他們感到遺憾的是， 語(yǔ)法和句法都過時(shí)了。 其他一些在英國(guó)——牛津大學(xué)出版社、BBC（英國(guó)廣播公司）等的人說(shuō)：不正確地使用陳腐辭藻損害著一種偉大語(yǔ)言的流暢性，英語(yǔ)博采眾長(zhǎng)的能力是其成功的一個(gè)重要原因。 英語(yǔ)的成功同樣源自其獨(dú)特的地位，它是在世界的大多數(shù)地區(qū)都使用的惟一一門語(yǔ)言。的確，英語(yǔ)沒有國(guó)界。甚至在沒有被英國(guó)所殖民過的國(guó)家，諸如中國(guó)和日本，英語(yǔ)正進(jìn)行著決定性的“征服”。 不幸的是， 這種征服不總是受到歡迎，因?yàn)橐环N語(yǔ)言有時(shí)會(huì)被兼作政治武器。有時(shí)候，語(yǔ)言不再僅僅是一種溝通的工具，而英語(yǔ)又是這種情況的一個(gè)經(jīng)典范例。 英語(yǔ)總是擺脫不掉困擾。它曾不受人喜歡，甚至遭人厭惡過。主要是因?yàn)樽畛踔v英語(yǔ)的人征服、殖民和脅迫了世界的一半地區(qū)，或者說(shuō)將近一半地區(qū)。 對(duì)英語(yǔ)的敵意還在持續(xù)著，至少在某些地方仍是這樣。 語(yǔ)言在社會(huì)中被賦予了一種準(zhǔn)政治的作用，比如法國(guó)人對(duì)英語(yǔ)的嫉恨就是一個(gè)很好的例子。 幸運(yùn)的是，這種對(duì)英語(yǔ)的厭惡不像多年前那么嚴(yán)重，人們?cè)絹?lái)越認(rèn)識(shí)到英語(yǔ)其實(shí)是一種混合語(yǔ)。在眾多國(guó)家，比如中國(guó)和日本，一直在大力推廣英語(yǔ)的使用。 幾個(gè)月前在新加坡，人們大聲抗議被當(dāng)局稱作 “新加坡式英語(yǔ)” 的“可怕的英語(yǔ)”正在到處傳播?！皦蛄耍　彼麄冋f(shuō)道，并督促新加坡人學(xué)習(xí)正確的英語(yǔ)。對(duì)于那些每天都必須使用英語(yǔ)的人來(lái)說(shuō)， 英語(yǔ)異常的靈活性經(jīng)常把事情搞得很困難。 現(xiàn)在，即使是大學(xué)畢業(yè)生都會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)寫幾句正確的英文句子很難。更可怕的是， 許多教師和大學(xué)副校長(zhǎng)說(shuō)著和寫著糟糕的不合語(yǔ)法的英語(yǔ)。人們經(jīng)常會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這些人不注重語(yǔ)言的“用法”，正如我們都知道的，用法是語(yǔ)言的支柱之一。 然而，盡管英語(yǔ)在印度被搞得一團(tuán)糟，在塞謬爾·約翰遜編寫了他的英語(yǔ)字典兩個(gè)多世紀(jì)以后， 這個(gè)國(guó)家已經(jīng)成為頂級(jí)詞典編纂者們最熱門的詞匯來(lái)源地。 《牛津簡(jiǎn)明英語(yǔ)詞典》新近出版的第十修訂版收錄了幾百個(gè)印度詞匯。在600條印度英語(yǔ)詞條中最重要的詞匯是“Hindutva”（印度身份），“dada”（長(zhǎng)兄），“panchayat”（地方行政機(jī)關(guān)），“chai”（茶），“pani”（水），“puri”（用小麥做的食品），以及 “dosa”（烤米餅）。實(shí)際上，印度詞匯構(gòu)成了20%的詞條并且在美國(guó)和澳大利亞英語(yǔ)條目之后，成為第三大詞典詞匯組成部分。從其他前英國(guó)殖民地，比如新西蘭、南非和加勒比海群島所收錄的詞匯都位居印度英語(yǔ)之后。 普通的印度人都還是喜歡英語(yǔ)的，盡管有時(shí)會(huì)有些小問題。麥考利勛爵將英語(yǔ)引入到印度并為英國(guó)官僚機(jī)構(gòu)創(chuàng)造了像 “babus”（職員）這樣的詞匯，150年之后，有7000萬(wàn)的印度人在講英語(yǔ)，人數(shù)比在英國(guó)講英語(yǔ)的人都要多。 然而，清教徒卻普遍心存恐懼，怕如此下去英語(yǔ)會(huì)變得面目全非了。與法國(guó)人狂熱地保護(hù)法語(yǔ)純潔性的做法不同，英國(guó)人很大方地接受了外界對(duì)其影響。結(jié)果是，世界各地的人都懂英語(yǔ)——可以說(shuō)這一優(yōu)勢(shì)削弱了英語(yǔ)的純潔性。 如果每個(gè)國(guó)家或大陸都有其版本的英語(yǔ)的話，那么問題可能就嚴(yán)重了。正如一位作家所說(shuō)的：“無(wú)休止使英語(yǔ)分化是危險(xiǎn)的。”英語(yǔ)如果有太多的變種的話，會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的情況：當(dāng)一群講英語(yǔ)的人可能聽不懂另一群人所講的英語(yǔ)。這種情況事實(shí)上正在發(fā)生。您來(lái)聽聽新加坡人說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)。聽澳大利亞人發(fā)“e”這個(gè)音的；聽起來(lái)就像發(fā)“a”這個(gè)音。 最近由英國(guó)導(dǎo)演肯·露弛和麥克·雷導(dǎo)演的幾部電影中不得不加上了英語(yǔ)字幕，因?yàn)橛?guó)北部人的口音讓英國(guó)南方的人很難聽懂，更不用說(shuō)英國(guó)以外的人了。 問題的關(guān)鍵是，沒有什么語(yǔ)言可以允許有如此的靈活性——以至于人們借實(shí)際溝通之名，就可以隨意使用了。最終的結(jié)果是：可能不會(huì)有錯(cuò)誤的英語(yǔ)這回事了。在《泰晤士報(bào)》卡通中的男學(xué)生正是這么做的。因?yàn)樗宄]有人會(huì)指責(zé)他所講的英語(yǔ)不正確。 111