2013年高考英語《Unit 3 A healthy life》要點梳理+重點突破 新人教版選修6

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111 選修6　Unit 3　A heal thy life 要 點 梳 理 高效梳理·知識備考 ●重點單詞 1．a(chǎn)buse n. & vt.濫用；虐待 2．stress n．壓力；重音 vt.加壓力于；使緊張→stressful adj.產(chǎn)生壓力的；緊張的→stressed adj.焦慮不安的 3．a(chǎn)dolescent n．青少年 adj.青春期的→adolescence n．青春期 4．ban vt.禁止；取締 n．禁令；譴責(zé) 5．due adj.欠款的；預(yù)定的；到期的 6．a(chǎn)ddicted adj.入了迷的；上了癮的→addict n．有癮的人→addiction n．沉溺；嗜好 7．a(chǎn)ccustom vt.使習(xí)慣于→accustomed adj.慣常的；習(xí)慣了的 8．a(chǎn)utomatic adj.無意識的；自動的→_automatically adv.無意識地；自動地 9．mental adj.精神的；智力的→mentally adv.精神上；智力上 10．quit vt.停止(做某事)；離開 11．effect n．結(jié)果；效力 12．strengthen vt.加強(qiáng)；鞏固；使堅強(qiáng) vi.變強(qiáng)→strength n．力氣→strong adj.強(qiáng)壯的 13．desperate adj.絕望的；拼命的 14．disappointed adj.失望的；沮喪的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappoint vt.使失望；使掃興→disappointment n．失望 15．a(chǎn)shamed adj.感到慚愧或羞恥的→shame n．羞愧→shameful adj.可恥的→shameless adj.無恥的，厚顏的 16．judgement n．看法；判決；判斷→judge v．判斷 17．embarrassed adj.尷尬的；陷入困境的→embarrass v．(使)尷尬→embarrassment尷尬 18．a(chǎn)wkward adj.局促不定的；笨拙的 ●重點短語 1．due to　　　　　　　由于…… 2．a(chǎn)ddicted to 對……有癮 3．a(chǎn)ccustomed to 習(xí)慣于…… 4．decide on 對……作出決定 5．feel like(doing) 想要(做)…… 6．in spite of 不顧；不管 7．take risks(a risk) 冒險 8．get into 陷入；染上(壞習(xí)慣) 9．a(chǎn)t risk 處境危險；遭受危險 10．have an effect on 對……有影響 ●重點句型 1．Why do you think some adolescents start smoking? 你認(rèn)為有些青少年為什么會開始吸煙？ 2．I knew it was time to quit smoking. 我知道該戒煙了。 3．I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.我真希望你能那樣做，因為我盼著你也能像我一樣長壽健康。 4．Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a nonsmoker.每當(dāng)你想要吸煙的時候，你就提醒你自己；你(已經(jīng))是不吸煙的人了。 5．It is no good crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。 6．It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick. 只有當(dāng)這種病毒發(fā)展成艾滋病時，人才會顯出病態(tài)。 ●高考范文 (2008·浙江) 人們完成工作的方式通常有兩種：獨立完成與合作完成。兩種方式各有特點。請你以 Working Individually or Working in a Team為題，按照以下要點寫一篇英語短文： 1．獨立完成：自行安排、自己解決問題 2．合作完成：一起討論、相互學(xué)習(xí) 3．我喜歡的方式及理由 注意：詞數(shù)100～120，文章的題目和開頭已給出(不計入總詞數(shù))。 Working Individually or Working in a Team There are basically two ways to get work done. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ [范文] Working Individually or Working in a Team There_are_basically_two_ways_to_get_work_done. One is to work individually. In this way, people can decide for themselves when to start work and how to do it. What's more, they will be able to learn how to solve problems on their own. People may also choose to work in a team, where they can learn from each other and help each other. Besides, they may work out better ways to get work done by discussion. Personally, I prefer to work in a team, which offers me a chance to learn how to get along with others and to share my experiences with them. As the work can be divided among several people, it can be done efficiently. Teamwork is always important. 考 點 探 究 互動探究·能力備考 Ⅰ.詞匯短語過關(guān) 1．a(chǎn)buse vt. & n．濫用；虐待 [即學(xué)即練1](1)Don’t ______ ______ __________. 不要濫用你的特權(quán)。 (2)The farmer often ______ ______ ______. 這位農(nóng)夫經(jīng)常虐待他的妻子。 abuse your privilege abused his wife (3)You shouldn’t ________ ______ ______. 你不應(yīng)該過度使用你的眼睛。 (4)I don’t understand why I should put up with this kind of ______ ______ ______. 我不明白我為什么要忍受她這樣辱罵我。 abuse your eyes abuse from her 2．stress n. 重壓，壓力；逼迫，重音；重點；著重；強(qiáng)調(diào)　vt. 著重；強(qiáng)調(diào) stressful adj. 緊張的，壓力重的 stressed adj. 焦慮的，緊張的，無法放松的 a stressful job/situation/lifestyle 繁重的工作/艱難的處境/緊張的生活方式 stress that.../sth. 強(qiáng)調(diào)…… in the stress of the moment 一時緊張 time of stress 危難之際，非常時期 lay/place/put stress on... 把重點放在……上 under the stress of... 為……所迫 [即學(xué)即練2](1)________ and rhythm are important in speaking English.說英語時重音和節(jié)奏都很重要。 (2)We must ______ _________ ______ selfreliance. 我們必須強(qiáng)調(diào)自力更生。 Stress lay stress on (3)The English curriculum should _________ both composition and reading.英語課程對寫作和閱讀應(yīng)同樣重視。 (4)Worrying over his job and his wife‘s health ______ him ______ ______ ______ ________.憂慮自己的工作及妻子的健康問題使他處于極大的壓力之下。 stress put under a great stress 3．due adj. 預(yù)期發(fā)生的，預(yù)期到達(dá)的，應(yīng)付的，到期的 be due to do sth. 預(yù)期做某事 be due to sth./doing sth./sb. 歸因于某事/歸因于 做某事/欠某人…… be due for sth. 應(yīng)有；應(yīng)得到 [即學(xué)即練3](1)One‘s success ______ largely ______ ______ his efforts. 一個人的成功在很大程度上是由于他的努力。 (2)The book ______ ______ ______ be published in October.這本書預(yù)定十月出版。 (3)Have they been paid the money ______ ______ ______？ 他們是否已得到了應(yīng)得的錢？ is due to is due to due to them 提示：(1)due 當(dāng)“預(yù)定的；預(yù)期的”講時，構(gòu)成 be due to 短語，其中 to為不定式符號，后接動詞原形。 (2)due 當(dāng)“應(yīng)得的；應(yīng)付的”講時，構(gòu)成 be due to sb.短語，其中 to為介詞，后接名詞或動名詞。 (3)due to 當(dāng)“因為；由于”講時，to為介詞，與其意義相同的短語為： because of　　因為 owing to　　由于，因為 on account of　　由于…… as a result of　　由于…… thanks to　　多虧，幸虧 as a consequence of 由于…… ①Owing to his poor health, his visit to Japan was put off. 由于身體不好，他去日本的訪問被推遲了。 ②He was sent to a nursing home on account of age. 他因年邁而被送進(jìn)了福利院。 ③Thanks to a good teacher, he passed the test. 多虧了一位好老師，他考試及格了。 4．a(chǎn)ccustom vt. 使習(xí)慣于，使適應(yīng) accustomed adj. 通常的，習(xí)慣的 be accustomed (used) to (doing) sth.習(xí)慣于(表狀態(tài)) become/get accustomed (＝used) to (doing) sth. 習(xí)慣于(表動作) accustom oneself/sb. to (doing) sth. 使自己/某人習(xí)慣于…… [即學(xué)即練4](1)Painting barns red is an _________ practice. 倉房刷成紅色是一種習(xí)俗。 (2)He has ______ _________ ______ the way the teacher gives lectures. 他已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了那個老師的講課方式。 (3)You must __________ __________ ______ the new environment.你必須使自己適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。 accustomed become accustomed to accustom yourself to 5．quit vt.&vi. 停止(做某事)；離開；戒掉 adj. 擺脫(難題等)的 quit doing sth. 放棄干某事，停止干某事 quit office/school 離職/退學(xué) be quit of sb./sth. 擺脫…… [即學(xué)即練5](1)I ______ _________ years ago. 我?guī)啄昵熬徒渚屏恕? (2)I made up my mind ______ ______.我已決定辭職了。 (3)He was glad to ______ ______ ______ the troublesome job.他很高興能擺脫那個麻煩的工作。 quit drinking to quit be quit of 6．effect n．結(jié)果；效力 effective adj.有效的；醒目的 have an effect on影響 put/bring sth. into effect實施，實行，使生效 come into effect/take effect(法律、規(guī)則或制度)生效；實施 in effect實際上 [即學(xué)即練6](1)Inflation is _________ ______ _________ ______ ______ the economy. 通貨膨脹正在給經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來災(zāi)難性的影響。 (2)It won’t be easy to ______ the changes ______ ______.把這些變化落到實處不是件容易的事。 (3)The new tax rates ______ ______ ______ from April. 新的稅率從四月起生效。 having a disastrous effect on put into effect come into effect 7．a(chǎn)shamed adj. 感到慚愧羞恥的(表語形容詞) shame n. 羞恥；慚愧；遺憾的事 shameful adj. 可恥的，不體面的 be ashamed of (doing) sth. 因(做了)某事而感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth. 恥于……的；因難為情而不愿做某事 feel ashamed for sb. 替某人感到羞愧…… be ashamed that... 感到羞愧的是…… [即學(xué)即練7](1)She ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ in the examination. 她因考試不及格而感到羞愧。 (2)She ______ ______ ______ ______ anyone that she had fallen in love with him. 她羞于告訴任何人自己愛上了他。 (3)He ______ ___________ ______ his shameful conduct. 他為自己可恥的行為感到羞愧。 was ashamed of having failed was ashamed to tell is ashamed of 8．in spite of 盡管，雖然，不管，不顧 in spite of＋n.＝despite (prep.)＋n.＝regardless of＋n. in spite of the fact that...(同位語從句)＝(al) though＋從句 [即學(xué)即練8](1)We went out ______ ______ ______ the rain.盡管下著雨，我們還是出去了。 (2)Kelly loved her husband ______ ______ ______ the fact that he drank too much. 雖然丈夫喝酒很兇，但凱莉仍然愛著他。 in spite of in spite of 9．take risks/a risk冒險 run (take) a risk/risks 冒險 run (take) the risk of doing sth. 冒著……的風(fēng)險/危險 at risk (＝in danger)處于危險中 at the risk of doing sth. 可能導(dǎo)致(不快等)，冒……危險 at all risks 無論冒……危險 risk one's health/life 以健康做賭注/冒著生命危險 risk doing 冒險做…… [即學(xué)即練9](1)You are ________ ______ ______ ______ in trusting him.信任他無異于冒險。 (2)He decided to get there even ______ ______ ______ ______ his life.他決定去那里，即使有生命危險。 (3)They ________ _________ everything. 他們冒著失去一切的風(fēng)險。 taking a big risk at the risk of risked losing (4)Any man who smokes cigarettes is _________ ______ ______. 吸煙的人是拿健康去冒險。 risking his health 10．get into 陷入；染上(習(xí)慣)；開始對……感興趣 get into trouble 陷入麻煩 get into the habit of... 染上……的習(xí)慣 get into panic 陷入恐慌 get (sth.) across (to sb.) (使某事為人)理解 get along/on with 進(jìn)展；相處 ge away (from) 脫離…… get back 回來；返回 get around/about 四處走動 get over 克服；解決；控制 get through 接通；完成 [即學(xué)即練10](1)How did you ______ ______ ______？ 你是怎么染上毒品的？ (2)I haven‘t really ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ yet.我還未真正熟悉我的新工作。 (3)I ______ ______ _____________ with an Italian student. 我與一位意大利學(xué)生談了起來。 get into drugs got into my new job got into conversation Ⅱ.重點句型詳解 1．Why do_you_think some adolescents start smoking? 你認(rèn)為有些青少年為什么會開始吸煙？ do you think 在句中做插入語。這種句式也可叫做雙重疑問句。其構(gòu)成有兩種情況： (1)做主語的疑問詞＋do you think/suppose/believe/imagine/say/suggest＋謂語部分？ (2)非主語的疑問詞＋do you think/suppose/believe/imagine/say/suggest＋主語＋謂語部分？ ①Which film do you think will win the Golden Lion of the 66th Venice International Film Festival？你認(rèn)為哪一部電影會贏得66屆威尼斯國際電影節(jié)金獅獎？ ②When do you suggest we hold a meeting to talk about the problem？你建議我們什么時候舉行會議談?wù)撨@個問題？ ③Who do you suppose we shall ask to attend our party? 你想我們會邀請誰來參加我們的宴會？ ④Why do you think she didn‘t agree with our suggestions？你認(rèn)為她為什么不同意我們的主意？ 提示：(1)如果插入語是 do you suggest 時，句中的謂語要用 should＋do或省略 should。 (2)do you know 不能作為插入語。如： Do you know which team will win? 你認(rèn)為哪個隊會贏呢？ [即境活用1]　—I haven't heard from John for a long time. —What do you suppose ______ to him? A．was happening　　　　B．to happen C．has happened D．had happened 解析：句中 do you suppose 是插入語，句子主干為 What has happened to him? 答案：C 2．I knew it_was_time_to quit smoking. 我知道我該戒煙了。 It's time to do... 到了干……的時間了。 It's time for sth. 到了……的時間了。 It's time (for sb.) to do sth. 到了某人干……的時間了。 It's (high/about) time＋that 從句　到了某人干……的時間了。 It/This is the first/second...time that... 這是第一/二……次…… ①It‘s time for lunch/to have lunch. 到吃午飯的時間了。 ②It’s time that the kids were/should be in bed. 到了孩子們睡覺的時間了。 ③This is the first time that I have been to the Great Wall. 這是我第一次參觀長城。 提示：“It‘s (high/about) time＋that 從句”中，從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時或 “should＋動詞原形”，且 should不能省略。 “It/This is the first/second...time＋that從句”中，從句的謂語動詞要用完成時態(tài)，當(dāng)句型為 It is the first time that時，從句謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時，當(dāng)句型為 It was the first time that 時，從句謂語動詞用過去完成時態(tài)。 [即境活用2]　　It is high time that we ______ action. Otherwise we ______ late. A．take; will be B．take; are C．took; will be D．took; would be 解析：本題考查虛擬語氣。It is high time that... 結(jié)構(gòu)中從句常用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞用一般過去時或 “should＋動詞原形”。另外，otherwise 代替了 if虛擬條件句，根據(jù)句意，其后的句子應(yīng)用表示與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣。 答案：D 易 錯 點 撥 自我完善·誤區(qū)備考 1. effect/affect (1)effect作“影響”講是名詞；用做動詞意為“產(chǎn)生，引起”(＝produce)。 (2)affect作“影響”講是及物動詞(＝have an effect on)。 [應(yīng)用1]　(1)The amount of rain _________ the growth of crops. 雨量影響作物的生長。 (2)The war _________ changes all over the world. 戰(zhàn)爭使世界各地發(fā)生了變化。 affects effected 2. in spite of/despite/although/though (1)in spite of與despite同義，常可換用。in spite of為普通用語，dispite多用于書面語言，despite不與of連用。 (2)although/though也是“盡管；不管；不顧”的意思，但用做從屬連詞，后面接讓步狀語從句。in spite of/despite＋n.＝although＋從句。 [應(yīng)用2]　(1)We went out _________ it was raining. (2)We went out _________ the rain. 盡管在下雨，我們還是出去了。 although despite 高 效 作 業(yè) 自我測評·技能備考 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．In our city, the shops were not allowed to sell c_______ to students. 2．There are no lengths to which an a__________ person will not go to obtain his drug. 3．I'm a___________ to say I haven't been to church for three years. 4．His increasing financial difficulties forced him to take d____________ measures. cigarettes　 addicted ashamed desperate 5．Nowadays many supermarket doors can shut a___________________. 6．You’ve put me in an _________(令人尷尬的) position. 7．You will soon get __________ (習(xí)慣) to the climate here. 8．He got his present job when he ______ (離開) the army. 9．The road looks beautiful covered by golden pine ______(松針)． 10．Her position in the party has ______________(加強(qiáng)) in recent weeks. automatically　 awkward accustomed quitted needles strengthened Ⅱ .單項選擇 1．－David, it’s Frank. Do you have a few minutes? I need to see you. －______. But I hope “a few minutes” don’t turn into an hour. A．I’m afraid not　　　　B．It doesn’t matter C．I don’t think so D．I guess so 答案：D 解析：I guess so表示答應(yīng)。 2．Doctors are doing research to find out what happens physically when people______smoking. A．quit B．decline C．depart D．reserve 答案：A 解析：句意為“醫(yī)生們正在研究，目的是找出當(dāng)人停止抽煙時身體將發(fā)生什么變化”。quit在這里作“停止”講；decline “下降，減少”；depart “出發(fā)，動身，離開”；reserve 保留，儲存。 3．She felt ______ of doing that and tears ran down her cheeks. A．shame B．a(chǎn)shamed C．sorry D．shameful 答案：B 解析：句意為：她為做了那事而感到羞愧…… 4．When I was very young I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ______ it. A．got off B．got away C．got across D．got over 答案：D 解析：句意為“我小的時候害怕上學(xué)，但是不久就克服了”。get over 克服；get off 下車；get away 擺脫；get across (使……為人)理解。 5．(2010·陜西西安質(zhì)檢)In Xi'an, although there is a good public transport system, ______ private car is still becoming ______ popular means of transportation. A．/; the B．the; a C．the; the D．a(chǎn); / 答案：B 解析：考查冠詞。第一空，定冠詞用在單數(shù)名詞前面表示類別，即“私家車”；第二空用不定冠詞，泛指“一種受歡迎的交通方式”。 6．Hearing that most of the members voted against her, she ______ a smile. A．wore B．managed C．performed D．controlled 答案：B 解析：wear a smile 表示“臉上掛著微笑”，perform，control 均不合題意。manage a smile 表示“勉強(qiáng)擠出一絲微笑”。 7．______to computer games, the boy has lost all interest in his lessons. A．Addicted B．Having addicted C．Addicting D．Addict 答案：A 解析：be addicted to “沉迷于……”，句中過去分詞短語做狀語。 8．Accustomed to ______ in the countryside, he found it hard to live in the city. A．living B．live C．having lived D．have lived 答案：A 解析：be accustomed to doing sth.＝be used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣于…… 9．Since our country has so many good table tennis players, we have to ______ the best ones to take part in the game. A．rely on B．depend on C．judge on D．decide on 答案：D 解析：decide on 相當(dāng)于 determine on “對……作出決定”。rely on＝depend on “依賴，依靠”，無 judge on 短語。 10．Cooperation or teamwork, the importance of which is often ______， plays an important part in football matches. A．stressed B．think of C．paid much attention D．talked 答案：A 解析：stress the importance of... 意為“強(qiáng)調(diào)……的重要性”，只不過題中用其被動結(jié)構(gòu)而已。C、D項分別缺 prep. to, about, B項為 be動詞直接與動詞原形連用之誤。 11．He got wellprepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk ______ the good opportunity. A．to lose B．losing C．to be lost D．being lost 答案：B 解析：risk doing sth. “冒險做某事”。該句意為：他為面試作好了充分準(zhǔn)備，因為他不能冒失去好機(jī)會的危險。 12．The great success of this program has been largely ______ the support given by the 10 local businessmen. A．instead of B．thanks to C．due to D．a(chǎn)s a consequence 答案：C 解析：thanks to 一般單獨引導(dǎo)狀語，只有 due to可與 be連用表示“由于”。 13．______ has recently been done to provide more English books for the students, a shortage of reading materials remains a serious problem. A．What B．Though what C．In spite of what D．That 答案：C 解析：in spite of意為“盡管”。句意：盡管我們最近所做的就是給學(xué)生們提供更多的英語書，但是閱讀材料的缺乏還是一個嚴(yán)重問題。 14．—This is the first time I ______ pictures with my own camera. —It's time that you ______ a picture of me. A．took; took B．have taken; took C．took; will take D．will take; have taken 答案：B 解析：考查 This is the first time...和 It‘s time...句式。 15．(2010·河南省實驗中學(xué))______ surprises us most is that she doesn't even know ______ the difference between the two lies. A．What; where B．All; which C．What; that D．That; where 答案：A 解析：考查名詞性從句。語意：讓我們最吃驚的是她竟然不知道兩者的區(qū)別在哪兒?！癢hat surprises us most”是主語從句，what在從句中作主語；“where the difference between the two lies”是賓語從句，where表示的是抽象地點。 Ⅲ .閱讀理解 A He could have been president of Israel or played the violin at Carnegie Hall, but he was too busy thinking—thinking on God, love and the meaning of life. Fifty years after his death, his shock(蓬亂) of white hair and hanging moustache still symbolize genius. Einstein remains the leading scientist of the modern time. Looking back 2 400 years, only Newton, Galileo and Aristotle were his equals. Around the world, universities and academies are celebrating the 100th anniversary of Einstein's “miracle year” when he published five scientific papers in 1905 that basically changed our grasp of space, time, light and matter. Only he could top himself about ten years later with his theory of relativity. Born in the age of horsedrawn carriages, his ideas launched a technological revolution that has made more change in a century than in the previous two thousand years. Computers, satellites, telecommunications, lasers, televisions and nuclear power all owe their invention to ways in which Einstein exposed a stranger and more complicated reality under－neath the world. He escaped Hitler's Germany and devoted the rest of his life to human rights and peace with an authority( 當(dāng)局) unmatched by any scientist today, or even most politicians and religious leaders. He spoke out against fascism and racial prejudice. His FBI(美國聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局) file ran 1 400 pages. His letters expose a disorderly personal life—married twice and indifferent toward his children while absorbed in physics. Yet he charmed lovers and admirers with poetry and sailboat outings. Friends and neighbors fiercely protected his privacy(隱私)． 1．The first paragraph implies that Einstein ______. A．had run for president before he worked at his research B．had the gift for politics and music C．was an excellent violinist D．was more a political leader or a musician than a thinker 2．When you think of Einstein, what typical appearance was formed in your mind? A．Funning and humorous with an air of a musician. B．Wearing very wide trousers, a moustache, with an image of an actor. C．Rough untidy mass of white hair and hanging moustache, with an image of a thinker. D．Black long hair and moustache, with an air of a painter. 3．Why was 1905 called Einstein's “miracle year”？ A．Because he topped himself with the theory of relativity. B．Because he made important discoveries of space, time, light and matter. C．Because he published five papers on his theory of relativity. D．Because he wrote five important articles to help people better understand space, time, light and matter. 4．Which of the following is NOT true about Einstein according to the passage? A．He was so busy with the physical research that he showed no interest in politics. B．He tried to amuse his admirers and friends in his spare time. C．When he was absorbed in his research, he didn't care about his family. D．His theory led to much improvement in many technological fields. B Once the 2008 Olympic Games finishes, the drums and trumpets(喇叭) of the competitions would also stop. But would the city remain as lively as it would be after this world event? Investment sustainability and high demand are two highly invaluable economic concepts(概念) that can be looked at in order to ensure postOlympics flourish, or perhaps, an even better future for Beijingers. Naturally, an economic downturn occurs in an Olympic host city once the major event finishes. Renmin University Professor Jin Yuanpu noted that a global event like this would put Beijing into a position of large importance in the international stage. But after this event, who would use the heavilyfunded equipment and public and private investments left in the city? Various economists argued that a meltdown (徹底垮臺) is highly unlikely. Jonathan Anderson, UBS Asia economist, suggested that the negative effects of the end of Beijing Olympics 2008 on the entire country aren't important compared to previous host cities. China is such a huge economy that the conclusion of the Olympic Games is the same as an antbite on a dragon. But what about postOlympics Beijing? Retired headmaster of Peking University, Li Yining, noted that a longterm civil demand growth and a popular desire by companies to adopt careful financial management decisions can lead to continued investment growth. Even though demand in some departments of the economy would drop in the short run, creativity, practicality and innovation(創(chuàng)新) would be the key factors that would continually enhance the cit