2771 光學(xué)磨床主軸設(shè)計(jì)及三維建模

2771 光學(xué)磨床主軸設(shè)計(jì)及三維建模,光學(xué),磨床,主軸,設(shè)計(jì),三維,建模 1 原文：Modern machinery processing and manufacturing technology from the higher precision and production efficiency developed rapidly both at the same time. Improve production efficiency in recent years, CAD / CAM technology, CNC technology, CIMS technology very widely used, making the production efficiency is greatly enhanced. In improving the machining accuracy, precision machining, ultra precision machining and even nano-processing is the direction the world is committed to developing its precision from micron to sub-micron level, and even nano-level, in the defense, aerospace, nuclear power and the high-tech economy wide field of applications. With the development of science and technology, machining accuracy can be achieved by a rapid increase. Literature at home and abroad are talking about precision ultra-precision machining, generally refers to the micron level (shape and size of error is 3 to 0.3 microns) to achieve high-precision machining, machine tool equipment must be designed in from all directions which is committed to improving its precision. With the development of science and technology, machining accuracy can be achieved by a rapid increase. Literature at home and abroad are talking about precision ultra-precision machining, generally refers to the micron level (shape and size of error is 3 to 0.3 microns) to achieve high-precision machining, machine tool equipment must be designed in from all directions which is committed to improving its precision.Currently, the international reciprocating table surface grinding machine speeds up to 200m/min, plus tableSpeed 50m/s2. Of course, this is achieved by linear motor after this level. Indeed, the use of new features to improve the performance of the host machine from a very big roleHigh-speed travel grinding, also known as rapid short stroke grinding, this method is high speed and high acceleration table for grinding. Although this method more than 20 years of history, but rapid development in recent years. Transmission from the DC motor into a toothed belt or ballscrew drive linear motor drive, its movement is faster, more efficient and a wider range of applicationsHigh-speed the past 2 years, the European high-speed travel faster grinding get progress, supported by the European Union, a subject called AGNETA by BLOHM, INA, ROLLS-ROYCE and other manufacturers and universities to participate, after several years of basic research and applications Study, in September 2004 on the success of the project intended to achieve two main objectives - to reduce processing costs by 40% and 50% reduction of grinding time. View from the grinding mechanism, grinding high-speed travel is not a new way of processing, but a variant of grinding or surface grinding of the extension. In short, high-speed grinding technology is a new itinerary effective grinding method, for difficult to machine materials and hard materials with great potential.High grinding center of the small, practical, and composite, grinding center development for over 20 years of history, with the grinding technology and computer technology continues to progress, grinding centers, manufacturing has improved continuously . Grinding Center is a flexible grinding system, its technology is based on mechatronics and computer technology. Grinding machining center machining center can be divided into conventional grinding type and extension of extension of type two. From 2005 to see the European Machine Tool Exhibition, the exhibition center is grinding grinding extension type, the grinding machine from a simple exchange of the original development of the grinding wheel and milling, and drilling tool hybrid exchange for a fixture in the workpiece after the completion of all processing operations. Therefore, the development trend of grinding machining center is a small, practical, and composite. Overall enhanced grinding and hard machining technology competition.Foreign-class machine tool manufacturers have strong capability of independent innovation, at each key can be found on the machine tool exhibition highlights innovative. For example, in the 2005 European Machine Tool Exhibition, MAEGERLE the company unveiled the latest MFP a CNC grinding machine, the machine in the world for the first time using the latest drive technology and Siemens latest generation of CNC SINUMERIK line control device. The new hydrostatic drive technology in addition to the existing rail outside the X-axis is also the first time, hydrostatic screw. The new components to ensure that vibration is usually generated by screw to minimize, to provide line-driven than 15 times higher dynamic rigidity. Its advantages are: the largest damping and feed force, coupled with the screw shaft and nut to run between the wear-free. In addition, compared with the linear drive, low energy consumption to more than 10 times, will not produce any heat.2 翻譯：現(xiàn)代機(jī)械加工制造技術(shù)從提高加工精度和生產(chǎn)效率兩個(gè)方面同時(shí)迅速發(fā)展起來(lái)。在提高生產(chǎn)效率方面，近年來(lái) CAD/CAM 技術(shù)、CNC 技術(shù)、CIMS 技術(shù)的發(fā)展極其廣泛應(yīng)用，使得生產(chǎn)效率得到大幅度的提高。在提高加工精度方面，精密加工、超精密加工乃至納米加工是世界各國(guó)致力發(fā)展的方向，其精度從微米級(jí)到亞微米級(jí)，乃至納米級(jí)，在國(guó)防、航天航空、核能以及國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各高新技術(shù)領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應(yīng)用。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，機(jī)械加工所能達(dá)到的精度得到了飛速的提高。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)中談?wù)摰木艹芗庸?，一般指微米?jí)（形狀尺寸誤差為 3～0.3微米）為實(shí)現(xiàn)高精度的加工，必須在機(jī)床設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)當(dāng)中從各個(gè)方向致力于提高其加工精度。目前，國(guó)際上平面磨床工作臺(tái)往復(fù)速度最高可達(dá) 200m/min，工作臺(tái)的加速度 50m/s2。當(dāng)然，這都是采用直線電機(jī)后才達(dá)到了這個(gè)水平。確實(shí)，新功能部件的使用對(duì)提高機(jī)床主機(jī)的性能起了非常大的作用高速行程磨削，也稱為快速短行程磨削，這種方法是以高的工作臺(tái)速度和高的加速度進(jìn)行磨削加工。雖然，這種方法已有 20 多年的歷史，但最近幾年的發(fā)展較快。傳動(dòng)方式由原來(lái)的直流電機(jī)齒帶或滾珠絲杠傳動(dòng)變?yōu)椴捎弥本€電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)，其運(yùn)動(dòng)速度更快，效率更高，應(yīng)用范圍更廣。近 2 年，歐洲高速行程磨削得到較快的進(jìn)步，由歐盟支持的一項(xiàng)稱為AGNETA 的課題，由 BLOHM、INA、ROLLS-ROYCE 等廠家和大學(xué)共同參與，經(jīng)過(guò)幾年基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用研究，2004 年 9 月就取得成功，實(shí)現(xiàn)了該項(xiàng)目預(yù)定的 2 個(gè)主要目標(biāo)——減少加工費(fèi)用 40%和減少磨削時(shí)間 50%。從磨削機(jī)理看，高速行程磨削并不是一種全新的加工方式，而是平面磨削的變型或是平面磨削的延伸?？傊咚傩谐棠ハ骷夹g(shù)是一種新的有效的平面磨削方法，對(duì)于難加工材料和硬質(zhì)材料具有很大的潛力。磨削加工中心的小型化、實(shí)用化和復(fù)合化，磨削加工中心的發(fā)展已有 20 多年的歷史，隨著磨削加工技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步，磨削加工中心的制造水平不斷提高。磨削加工中心是一種柔性的磨削加工系統(tǒng)，它的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)是機(jī)電一體化和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)。磨削加工中心一般可分為加工中心延長(zhǎng)型和常規(guī)磨床延長(zhǎng)型二種。從 2005 年歐洲機(jī)床展覽會(huì)看，所展出的磨削加工中心都是磨床延長(zhǎng)型，機(jī)床從原來(lái)單純的磨頭交換發(fā)展到砂輪和銑、鉆等刀具混合型交換，以便在工件一次裝夾后就完成所有工序的加工。因此，磨削加工中心的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是小型化、實(shí)用化和復(fù)合化。磨床從總體上增強(qiáng)了與硬切削技術(shù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的能力。國(guó)外一流的機(jī)床制造企業(yè)都有強(qiáng)大的自主創(chuàng)新能力，在每屆重要的機(jī)床展覽會(huì)上都能發(fā)現(xiàn)有創(chuàng)新的亮點(diǎn)。比如在 2005 年的歐洲機(jī)床展覽會(huì)上，MAEGERLE公司展出了一臺(tái)最新的 MFP 數(shù)控磨床，該機(jī)在世界上首次采用最新的驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)和西門子最新一代的 SINUMERIK 在線控制的數(shù)控裝置。新的驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)除了現(xiàn)有的靜壓導(dǎo)軌以外，還在 X 軸上首次采用靜壓絲杠。這個(gè)新部件確保把通常采用絲杠產(chǎn)生的振動(dòng)降低到最小，提供比用直線驅(qū)動(dòng)高 15 倍之多的動(dòng)態(tài)剛性。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：最大的阻尼特性和進(jìn)給力，加上在絲杠軸和螺母之間無(wú)磨損的運(yùn)行。此外，與直線驅(qū)動(dòng)相比，能量消耗要低 10 倍以上，不會(huì)產(chǎn)生任何熱量。