3071 立式八軸組合鉆床設計

3071 立式八軸組合鉆床設計,立式,組合,鉆床,設計 1附錄：外文資料與中文翻譯外文資料：The Development Of Machine Tool Technologyand automatic line Machine Tool and Machine Tool Automatic Line is a dedicated and efficient automation technology and equipment, at present, it is still a high-volume machinery to achieve efficient, high quality and economical production of key equipment, which is widely used in automobiles, tractors, diesel and compressed machines and many other industrial production. In particular, the automotive industry, is a combination of machine tools and automatic lines largest user. Such as the German Volkswagen plant in Salzgitter engine plant, used in the early 90's metal-cutting machine tool is automatic line (60%), machines (20%) and processing center (20%). Clearly, the mass production of the machinery industry, a lot of used equipment is a combination of machine and automatic line. Therefore, combination machine tool and its automatic line level of technical performance and integrated automation, the large extent determines these industries, a product of the production efficiency, product quality and business organization of production Jiegou, Yezai determine a company's products competitiveness. Combination of machine tools and automatic lines of modern mechatronic product as it is to control, drive, measure, monitor, tool 2and machinery components such as a comprehensive reflection of technology. The past 20 years, these technologies have made considerable progress, as well as a combination of machine tool user industries such as automobile and internal combustion engines, there are big changes in the market life of their products continue to shorten, increasing variety and quality improved. These factors effectively promote and encourage the combination of machine and automatic line technology continues to evolve. 1 A combination of varieties of key development tools In the combination of these special purpose machine tools, the rotary multi-station machines (Figure 2) and automatic line plays an important role. Because these two types of machine parts can be assigned to many manufacturing processes on multiple processing station, and also from several different directions on the workpiece surface processing, In addition, you can also switch to digital clamp (work in rotation machine tool) or by translocation, flip device (in the automatic line) to achieve a five-face machining parts or all of processing, so they have a high degree of automation and production efficiency, a car, motorcycle and compressors and other industrial sectors used. According to statistics, Germany in 1990 and 1992, combined multistation rotary machine and automatic production lines around each combination of machine tool about 50% of the total. Be noted that multi-station rotary machine is actually a combination of special types of small automatic lines for processing 3outline size of ≤ 250mm of small pieces. Compared with the automatic line, in the processing of the same parts of the case, the combination of multi-station rotary machine tool operations share is about a small area than the automated line 2 / 3.2、 beat time to further reduce the automatic line At present, characterized by mass production of cars and light trucks, the engine's output is usually around 60 million units, to achieve such a large volume production, multi-position rotary combination of machine tools and automatic lines in the case of three-shift operation , the tact time is generally 20 to 30 seconds, when the greater part of production volume, the machine cycle times should be shorter (Table 1). In the 70's, automatic line to achieve such a short beat, often used side by side duplex or set the two-lane approach, that is, determining the automatic line of the beat, the longest processing operation processes through the same process in parallel two station, if more restrictive process, then the same through the use of two automatic lines to balance the automatic line system processing rhythm. Apparently, this would increase the investment in equipment and operating area. The main way to shorten the basic time is the introduction of new materials and novel tool tool to enhance the cutting speed and feed through to shorten the basic time rate. For example, the German Volkswagen plant in the processing of aluminum alloy cylinder head combustion chamber side, the use of PCD milling cutters, milling speeds of up to 3075m/min, feed speed 3600mm/min; another example, in boring 4gray cast iron cylinder block of the cylinder bore When used with three indexable boring head new CBN inserts, cutting speed up to 800m/min, feed rate 1500mm/min, processing depth of 146mm the cylinder bore, the actual processing time of only 5.8s, compared traditional processing process can be shortened 2 / 3 of the processing time. Reduce the auxiliary time is shortened, including parts delivery, processing and rapid introduction of the module and processing module is converted to work by the fast-forward to the tool after the cut into the workpiece into the time spent. To shorten this part of the air travel time, generally used to improve workpiece (workpiece direct transmission) or the accompanying fixtures and processing module transmission speed fast speed. At present, the accompanying transmission speeds up to 60m/min fixture or later some, fast-moving speed of processing modules 40m/min. At present, the accompanying high-speed conveyor fixture common control with electro-hydraulic proportional valve or cyclonical driven conveyer. The late 70s, Honsberg body in its processing of automatic transmission line on the use of electro-hydraulic proportional valve controlled delivery device. Movement of the conveyor curves. As the electro-hydraulic proportional valve control system has a good start and braking performance, and the system structure is simple, so far, this conveyor being used by many automated line.3、the rapid progress of flexible combination machine 10 years, as the combination of machine tools important to the user's automobile industry, to meet the individual needs of people, cars become growing varieties (Figure 5), a multi-species competition has 5become one of the characteristics of market competition car, making Machine Tool Manufacturing industry faces many varieties of variant production challenges. To meet the multi-species production and processing of a single species of conventional machine tools and automatic lines rigid composite to improve its flexibility. In the 70's, numerical control system reliability has been greatly improved, it is to late 70s and early 80s, as Alfing, Hüller-Hille and Ex-cell-o and other companies have developed a flexible machining modules, and automatic line ( FTL), from CNC machine tools and flexible combination of automatic line has increased every year. 1988 to 1992, Japan Machine Tool and automatic line (including some other form of special machine tools) production NC rate has reached 32% ~ 39%, output NC rate of 35% to 51%; the German Machine Tool and automatic line production The NC rate of 18% and 62%, 45% of the value NC ~ 66% (Table 2). These figures show that over the past decade, the development of NC machine tool combination is very rapid. Should be noted that since the 90's into the car even more intense market competition, product market and further reduce the life of the new models and shorter development cycle (now usually 35 months), car varieties growing, so automotive industry to flexible automation increasing demand for technical equipment. Such as Toyota Motor Corporation, in the end of this century's goal is to subordinate the factory the company flexible manufacturing system's coverage reached 100%. Obviously, combination machine tool and its production line while maintaining its high productivity conditions, further enhancing its flexibility on the more important. 6Flexible modular machine tool is mainly through the use of numerical control technology to achieve. Development of flexible modular machine tool and an important prerequisite for flexible automatic line is the development of CNC machining module, which has a long history of development of processing technology for the development of CNC machining center modules to provide a mature experience. NC modules formed by the flexible modular machine tool and flexible automatic lines, can be changed through the application and the automatic tool changer CNC program to automatically replace the multi-axle box and change the processing itinerary of the working cycle, cutting parameters and processing location, in order to adapt to change type variety of processing. Single-axis machining module by the NC slide and spindle assembly (or axle box, including for multi-axle box) form. Two-axis machining module by the cross slide and spindle CNC Components, such as two-coordinate CNC milling module. Column moving type CNC coordinate processing module (Figure 6), the tool can be realized in the three coordinate movement, according to workpiece varieties and processing tasks with Tool, tool change and the required mechanical hand tools, high Flexible. This processing module is flexible automatic line processing of multi species one of the most important modules. Mobile column CNC machining module can make use of X coordinate axis and Y axis of the linkage to achieve the peripheral milling process, particularly in the milling body such as the transmission of less rigid workpiece, we can use smaller diameter cutter, high-speed (cutting speed 7up to 2500m/min) milling around, thus reducing processing time of cutting force and workpiece deformation. This is more than double coordinate milling module for milling cutters with large diameter to be superior. Multi-axis machining module is another important module, mainly for processing box and disc type work flexible combination of machine tools and flexible automatic lines. How such module structure of different forms, but basically can be divided into automatic processing module for box-type multi-axis (Figure 7), turret multi-axis machining module (Figure 8) and multi-axis machining module Rotary Table (Figure 9). As for box-type module automatically be set in a special multi-axle box to store more and more libraries axle box, it can be used to process more parts of different species. The turret and multi-axis machining module Rotary Table, due to the turret head and turn the table to allow installation of a limited number of multi-axle box (usually 4 to 6 months), so this processing module can only achieve limited variety of processing. CNC Coordinate with automatic online processing modules and turret multi-axis machining modules, not only enables workpieces of different varieties, but also in the automatic line beat of time (if time permits, then the beat), this type of processing module can also be in the same processing station on the exchange through its automatic tool changing or box, and then click to realize multi-channel processing operation (rough boring, semi-fine boring and precision boring; drilling, reaming and tapping), thereby reducing the processing work automatically line the median, Automatic line to shorten the length. Single and multi-axis 8coordinate complex processing module is a CNC machining modules, can be automatically replaced by ATC, or multi-axle box and the realization of single-axis machining or multi-axis machining. It is worth mentioning that in the mid 80s the company introduced CNCMACH Germany Honsberg modular system are characteristic of a modular system, modular structure of the full application of the principle as a basic module of the CNC system CMM module, through changes in various functional modules, assembled into a variety of different processes do not use coordinates or processing modules. Specifically, from the coordinates, except coordinate, it can also form two-coordinate and single-axis machining module; view from the Tool can be installed in libraries and multi-axle box tool libraries, can be realized individually or axle box of tools automatic replacement can also be followed to achieve the replacement tool and multi-axle box. CNC MACH system, not only in the mechanical structure, but also in control and software is modular and so on. Therefore, the use of the system modules can be easily assembled into flexible transfer lines (FTL), flexible manufacturing cell (FMC) or flexible manufacturing system (FMS). In addition to the various CNC machining modules, the robot and servo-driven machine tools and jigs is also flexible combination of a key component of flexible automatic lines. Particularly in the flexible nature of automatic online, now more common use of air-frame gantry robot automatic loading and unloading workpieces, for workpiece transfer position or flipped. For the handling of different workpieces can be set in the automatic line next to the gripper base in 9order to achieve the automatic gripper change. Fixture equipped with servo drives, to adapt to different job families in the automatic clamping work pieces. The line used in CNC machining module has four double-axis NC milling module, six CNC turret CNC multi-axis machining module and six coordinate processing module. Secondary station and the cleaning station operations by the robot workstation installation folder. As the composition of automatic wire processing module is NC, when the transformation process from a workpiece to another workpiece processing, simply by changing the NC program on the line, without the need for machinery, adjustment and modification. 4、 the increasing degree of integrated automationOver the past decade, in order to further improve the machining accuracy of workpiece and the workpiece during the production process to reduce intermediate storage, handling and production processes to shorten the time the workpiece machining process in some non-cutting operations (such as inter-process cleaning, measurement, assembly and leak testing, etc.) integrated into the automated line or automatic line production system consisting of (Figure 15), in order to achieve workpiece machining, surface treatment, measurement and assembly processes of integrated automation. Clean：In the automatic line and automatic line consisting of production systems, cleaning equipment, parts of the process is mainly used for cleaning and parts between the final cleaning. Between the cleaning processes the workpiece is mainly for the next 10process to create the necessary conditions of work. For example, the workpiece blank in the painting before, after processing the workpiece datum, deburring, the measurements carried out before and a variety of cleaning before assembly. Today, in view of the survival of our human environment is increasingly damaged by industrial pollution; environmental protection has attracted much attention. In recent years, more and more concerned with industrial cleaning at home and abroad on the environment. This has prompted many industries move on aqueous parts cleaning washing (using acidic, neutral or alkaline cleaning liquid, cleaning liquid containing mainly phosphate, active agents and complexing agents, etc.), primarily on the basis of such aqueous cleaning workpiece quality requirements and use of cleaning spray (distributed cleaning) and immersion (concentrated cleaning) are two processes. Based on environmental protection, health care workers, field operations and cleaning process of rationalization and other requirements, now, cleaning machine has been widely used closed-end layout, Zheng Ge cleaning process is automatic and programmable controller equipment control, and automatic monitoring of all mechanical action and technical parameters. In such washing machines integrated evaporation, filtration, material recovery and processing devices, as shown in Figure 16 is a German Benz steering shell cleaning process. The washing machine is closed layout, the cleaning process is conducted in a closed system, through a cleaning fluid purification support system to achieve the recycling of cleaning fluid. In this system, as a 11purification unit is a core component of purification and recycling modules cleaning. The module consists of ultra-fine filters and evaporator joint composition, use of the integrated purification equipment and cleaning fluid produced by distilled water, re-used for parts cleaning and rinsing. 5、Automatic measurement Automatic line automatic measurement of the workpiece to the processing quality control. In recent years, due to the increasingly automated line to shorten cycle times, the accuracy of the workpiece and the measurement and also become increasingly demanding production conditions, therefore the automatic measurement system must not only work with high speed and high work precision, and to have strong anti-environmental interference (such as chips, dust, steam coolant, oil, vibration and temperature, etc.) capability or some interference with the measurement system can automatically compensate the amount of performance. The automatic line, automatic measurement can be divided into pre-processing measurement and processed measurements. Processing before the measurement is in the workpiece before the workpiece by measuring to determine the characteristics and use measurements to adjust the tool position relative to the location of the workpiece to be processed, and then processed accordingly. For example, when the bottom plane of the milling cylinder head, in order to ensure that the depth of the combustion chamber to the bottom plane deviation for the smallest size (which directly affect the engine performance 12bias), it uses the measurement control milling. Milling before the cylinder head is found in the accompanying fixtures and clamping, and then use various pneumatic measuring head measuring the depth of each chamber, calculated from the average maximum and minimum values, and then use that value by the corresponding control to adjust milling head position relative to the workpiece further milling. In recent years, the automatic line, the workpiece generally 100% after finishing the test measured, therefore, in the finishing station after setting measurement station. Figure 17 shows the cylinder head intake and exhaust valve seat and the catheter hole integrated precision automatic measuring devices. The device uses four pneumatic measuring head at the same time the four seat and catheter measurements. Measurement of the measurement head cone seat with about 50μm wide circular slot nozzle, hole in the heart catheter measuring stick with the same measuring nozzle. When the mandrel speed the introduction of catheter holes to seat the centering and aligning cone, it is through the specially designed bearing to achieve, and the conical seat by means of spring to measure the geometric precision of the measurement head to impose certain paste together to make the measurement head against the seat of the cone. When connected to compressed air for measurement, can be discharged through the nozzle from the gas ring to measure the amount of.Machine Tool future development will be more so with speed control motor and ball screw drive to simplify the structure, reduce the production cycle; digital control system and the spindle box, the clamp 13replacement system, to improve the process adjustability; and into the flexible manufacturing systems.組合機床和自動線的技術發(fā)展組合機床和組合機床自動線是一種專用高效自動化技術裝備，目前，由于它仍是大批量機械產品實現(xiàn)高效、高質量和經濟性生產的關鍵裝備，因而被廣泛應用于汽車、拖拉機、內燃機和壓縮機等許多工業(yè)生產領域。14其中，特別是汽車工業(yè)，是組合機床和自動線最大的用戶。如德國大眾汽車廠在 Salzgitter 的發(fā)動機工廠， 90 年代初所采用的金屬切削機床主要是自動線(60%)、組合機床(20%) 和加工中心(20%)。顯然，在大批量生產的機械工業(yè)部門，大量采用的設備是組合機床和自動線。因此，組合機床及其自動線的技術性能和綜合自動化水平，在很大程度上決定了這些工業(yè)部門產品的生產效率、產品質量和企業(yè)生產組織的結構，也在很大程度 決定了企業(yè)產品的競爭力。 現(xiàn)代組合機床和自動線作為機電一體化產品，它是控制、驅動、測量、監(jiān)控、刀具和機械組件等技術的綜合反映。近 20 年來，這些技術有長足進步，同時作為組合機床主要用戶的汽車和內燃機等行業(yè)也有很大的變化，其產品市場壽命不斷縮短，品種日益增多且質量不斷提高。這些因素有力地推動和激勵了組合機床和自動線技術的不斷發(fā)展。 1、組