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滑移式裝載機(jī)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
摘要
滑移式裝載機(jī)是利用兩側(cè)車輪線速度差而實(shí)現(xiàn)車輛轉(zhuǎn)向的，采用輪式行走機(jī)構(gòu)，全輪驅(qū)動(dòng)，滑移轉(zhuǎn)向，可于作業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)隨機(jī)快速更換或掛接各種附件，以適應(yīng)不同的工作環(huán)境和作業(yè)內(nèi)容，滿足不同的作業(yè)內(nèi)容，具體類型非常多樣化。滑移式裝載機(jī)最大的特點(diǎn)是整機(jī)外形尺寸小，可實(shí)現(xiàn)原地轉(zhuǎn)向，可在作業(yè)線程隨機(jī)快速更換或掛接各種工作裝置。
本文通過(guò)對(duì)滑移裝載機(jī)現(xiàn)狀、工作裝置、行走裝置、等方面的研究，對(duì)以下本內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了分析和設(shè)計(jì)：
（1）介紹了現(xiàn)有滑移式裝載機(jī)的種類和結(jié)構(gòu)形式： 常見的滑移裝載機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式為單臂式滑移裝載機(jī)和雙臂式滑移裝載機(jī)；常見的結(jié)構(gòu)形式有四連桿機(jī)構(gòu)、六連桿機(jī)構(gòu)和八連桿機(jī)構(gòu)等。
（2）對(duì)滑移裝載機(jī)的工作裝置進(jìn)行了重點(diǎn)的分析和設(shè)計(jì)：分析了常見的工作裝置的機(jī)構(gòu)類型，確定了各個(gè)鉸點(diǎn)的位置以及四連桿機(jī)構(gòu)中各連桿的長(zhǎng)度，對(duì)液壓油缸進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。
（3）對(duì)滑移式裝載機(jī)的底盤進(jìn)行了研究設(shè)計(jì)：設(shè)計(jì)了滑移裝載機(jī)的機(jī)架，確定了輪轂與機(jī)架的連接方式，選取了符合要求的液壓馬達(dá)。
（4）通過(guò)對(duì)滑移式裝載機(jī)現(xiàn)狀的分析，提出了對(duì)現(xiàn)有的滑移式裝載機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)等方面的改進(jìn)方法：對(duì)現(xiàn)有的滑移裝載機(jī)的部分結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了分析和改進(jìn)，提出了自己的一些新的設(shè)計(jì)思路。
關(guān)鍵詞：滑移式裝載機(jī)，現(xiàn)狀，工作裝置，底盤，改進(jìn)
Mechanical Structure Design of the Skid Steer Loader
Abstract
Sliding type of wheel loader is on both sides of the linear difference and realize the vehicle steering wheel, the mobile mechanism, all wheel drive, slip, can be used from the homework to random replaced rapidly or articulated various accessories, in order to adapt to the different work environment and the work content, meet different work content, concrete types is very diverse. Sliding type loader the biggest characteristic is the appearance of small size, may realize the in situ to, can be in homework thread random replaced rapidly or to hook up all kinds of work device.
This article through to slip loader present condition, device, walk device, etc, to the following this content has carried on the analysis and design.
(1) Introducing existing sliding type of the loader types and structure: common sliding of the loader structure form for single arm type sliding loader and arms type sliding loaders; The structure of the common form has four bar linkage, six linkage mechanism and eight linkage mechanism, etc.
(2) The sliding of the loader working device the focus of the analysis and design: analysis of the common work device, and the types of institutions all hinge point position and four bar linkage of connecting rod length of each of the hydraulic oil cylinder, the designing calculation.
(3) The loader to slip type chassis study design : the design of the loader sliding, and the wheel and the frame of the connection mode, the selection of the requirements of the hydraulic motor.
(4) To slip through the analysis of the present situation of loader, puts forward the existing sliding type of the loader, and other aspects of the structure improvement methods: for existing sliding loader part of the structure analysis and improvement, and proposes some new design ideas.
Keywords: sliding type loader ，working device ，chassis ， improvement status
目 錄
摘要---------------------------------------------------------------I
Abstract-----------------------------------------------------------II
第一章 緒論---------------------------------------------------------1
1.1 引言-------------------------------------------------------1
1.2 滑移裝載機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介---------------------------------------------1
1.3 滑移式裝載機(jī)的常見結(jié)構(gòu)形式---------------------------------1
1.3 .1 單臂式滑移裝載機(jī)------------------------------------1
1.3 .2 雙臂式滑移裝載機(jī)------------------------------------2
1.4 滑移裝載機(jī)機(jī)械機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)概述----------------------------------2
1.4.1 裝載機(jī)工作裝置作業(yè)流程-------------------------------2
1.4.2 基本參數(shù)確定-----------------------------------------2
1.4.3 技術(shù)要求---------------------------------------------2
1.5 本章小結(jié)----------------------------------------------------3
第二章 總體方案的確定----------------------------------------------4
2.1 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)------------------------------------------------------4
2.2 傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)----------------------------------------------------4
2.3 工作裝置----------------------------------------------------4
2.4 車架--------------------------------------------------------4
2.5 液壓系統(tǒng)----------------------------------------------------4
2.6 駕駛室------------------------------------------------------4
2.7 本章小結(jié)----------------------------------------------------4
第三章 滑移裝載機(jī)工作裝置設(shè)計(jì)---------------------------------------5
3.1 裝載機(jī)工作裝置設(shè)計(jì)要求--------------------------------------6
3.2 工作裝置各部分設(shè)計(jì)------------------------------------------6
3.2.1 鏟斗設(shè)計(jì)----------------------------------------------6
3.2.1.1 鏟斗設(shè)計(jì)要求------------------------------------6
3.2.1.2 鏟斗結(jié)構(gòu)形式的選擇------------------------------6
3.2.1.3 鏟斗基本參數(shù)的確定------------------------------6
3.2.2 動(dòng)臂設(shè)計(jì)----------------------------------------------8
3.2.2.1 動(dòng)臂鉸點(diǎn)的確定---------------------------------8
3.2.2.2 動(dòng)臂長(zhǎng)度---------------------------------------8
3.2.2.3 鏟斗快換裝置的設(shè)計(jì)------------------------------9
3.2.2.4四連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的確定：-------------------------------9
3.2.2.5 動(dòng)臂的形狀與結(jié)構(gòu)--------------------------------9
3.2.3油缸的計(jì)算與選擇：------------------------------------10
3.2.3.1 插入阻力的計(jì)算------------------------------10
3.2.3.2 鏟起阻力的計(jì)算------------------------------11
3.2.3.3 轉(zhuǎn)斗阻力矩的計(jì)算----------------------------11
3.3 本章小結(jié)---------------------------------------------------11
第四章 行走裝置的設(shè)計(jì)----------------------------------------------13
4.1 底盤概述---------------------------------------------------13
4.2 底盤結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)-----------------------------------------------13
4.3 行走裝置參數(shù)的確定-----------------------------------------14
4.4 減速箱的選擇-----------------------------------------------14
4.5 本章小結(jié)---------------------------------------------------14
第五章 整機(jī)部分機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)----------------------------------15
5.1 使用新型底盤-----------------------------------------------15
5.2 設(shè)計(jì)新的鏟斗快換裝置---------------------------------------15
5.3 采用新型后開機(jī)罩-------------------------------------------15
第六章 滑移裝載機(jī)穩(wěn)定性計(jì)算---------------------------------------16
6.1 穩(wěn)定比K的校核---------------------------------------------16
6.2 穩(wěn)定度i的校核---------------------------------------------16
6.3 穩(wěn)定性的計(jì)算-----------------------------------------------16
6.3.1 縱向穩(wěn)定性的計(jì)算-------------------------------------16
6.3.2 橫向穩(wěn)定性的計(jì)算-------------------------------------17
6.4 行駛速度v的校核-------------------------------------------17
6.5 本章小結(jié)---------------------------------------------------18
總結(jié)---------------------------------------------------------------19
謝辭---------------------------------------------------------------20
參考文獻(xiàn)-----------------------------------------------------------21
IV