2019-2020年高考英語總復習知識點精講精析與高考試題預測 Unit 9 Technology 人教版大綱第一冊.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語總復習知識點精講精析與高考試題預測 Unit 9 Technology 人教版大綱第一冊 I．單元知識點全覽 工欲善其事 必先利其器 高考須掌握的詞匯：1．agree 2．absolute 3．dependent；dependence 4．behave 5．obedience 6．emergent 7．pa rticularly8．negstion 9．electricaI/electric 10．wonderful 11．peace 12．success；successful 高考須掌握的短語：1．to 2．up 3．of/about 4．in 5．for 6．in 7．to 8．over 9．down 10．in 11．by Ⅱ．考點過關 過關斬將 一馬平川 考點詳解 精剖細解 入巿三分 一、重點詞匯 1．disagree vi．不同意；不一致 eg： I disagree with you about this對于這件事我跟你意見不同。 相關鏈接：disagreement n．不一致；分歧agree vi．同意 agreement，n．一致；協(xié)定 用法拓展：disagree/agree with表示“不同意/同意某人的意見．想法，分析．解釋等”，還可表示“天氣．食物等不適合/適合某人”。 disagree/agree to表示“不同意/同意某項建議．計劃．辦法等”。 agree on表示“就…：”達成一致協(xié)議/取得一致意見”。 disagree/agree to do sth．表示“不同意/同意去做某事”。 案例剖析 旁征博引 舉一反三 考題1-1 (典型例題 分 ) The climate here doesn't agree some of us. - I agree you on this point. A. with; with B. to; with C. to; about D. on; with 考題1-2 (典型例題)I agree with most of what you said. but I don't agree with A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 考題1—1．點撥；答案為A。這兩個句子中都運用了詞組agree with，前一句中agree with表示“氣候(食物等)適合某人”．后一句中的agree with表示”同意某人的意見；想法，分析，解釋等”。 考題1—2點撥：答案為A。句意為：“我同意你所說的大部分，但并不是同意一切?！? 2．depend vi．依靠；依賴eg： I haven't a car．I have to depend on the buses,我沒有汽車．只能靠公共汽車。 用法拓展：depend ori[upon]依靠；由……而定．取決于；從屬于；依賴……維持eg： That depends．/ll all depends．[口]要看情況而定。 Y0u may depend upon it．[口]肯定無疑；放心好了。 考題2"Will you go skating with me this winter vaca-tion?”" It . " A, all depend B. all depends C. is all depended D. is all depending 考題2點撥：答案為B。It all depends．/That depends．表示“看情況而定”。 3．should該．估計，按理應當．表示可能性，推測或推論 eg：The report is written after careful investigation．so it should be reliable．這份報告是經(jīng)過周密調查寫成的．所以該是可靠的。 相關鏈接：must…/．．1may也可用于表示推測． must表示肯定的推測．意為“一定．準是”．不能用于否定和疑問句；can表推測時一般用于疑問句和否定句．用于肯定句時表示“有時會”；may表示可能的推測。 eg：The light in his room is on．so he must be at home now．他房間的燈亮著．他肯定在家。 The light in his room is OUt．so he can’t be at home now．他房間的燈已熄滅．他肯定不在家。 He is absent today．He may be ill今天他沒在，他可能病了。用法拓展：should have done本應該做 shOUldn't have done本不應該做 must have done肯定發(fā)生過某事 can’t have done一定沒發(fā)生過某事 may have done可能發(fā)生過某事 need have done本需要做 needn’t have done本不需要做 考題3-1 (典型例題 分)It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you it. A. mustn't have done B. wouldn't have done C.mightn't have done D. needn't have done 考題3-2 (典型例題 分 ) It was playing puter games that cost the boy plenty of time that he doing his lessons... A. might have spent B. must have spent C. ought to have spent D. could have spent 考題3-3 (典型例題)---I saw Jim at the meeting yesterday. Did. you? I think he have attended, for he is an expert. A. needn't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. couldn't 考題3-4 (-典型例題) Well done. Jack! --Thanks. But given more time, I it better. A. shouldn't have done B. could have done C. migh,t not do D. could do 考題3-5 (典型例題) Im told that John had another car accident this morning. -I believe not, he so careless. A. shouldn't have been B. wouldn't have been C. couldn't have been D. mustn't have been 考題3-6 (典型例題分)Research findings show we spent about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we during the day. A. should have done B. would have done C. must have done D. may have done 考題3—1點撥：答案為D。句意為：“你洗刷完了真是太好了。但你本沒必要干這些活的?！? 考題3—2點撥：答案為C。句意為：。就是玩電腦游戲浪費了這個男孩本應花在學習上的大量時間。” 考題3—3點撥：答案為A。needn't have done本沒有必要做。 考題3—4點撥：答案為B。句意為：“給我更多時間，本來可以做得更好?！? 考題3—5點撥；答案為c。從I believe not可看出，說話者不相信John會如此粗心，與之對應，用Couldn't have done表示對過去事情的否定推測。 考題3—6點撥：答案為D。may have done對過去情況的可能性推測。句意為：“研究表明不管我們白天做過什么，每天晚止有兩個 小時的時間在做夢?！? 4．add vt．增加；添加；補充說vi．加；加起來；增添 eg：Add up these ftgures，please．請把這些數(shù)字加起來。 I should“ke to add that we are pleased with the test result．我還要補充說一下．我們對測試結果表示滿意。 用法拓展：add…to…把……加到……上 add to增力日；加強add up加起來 add up to總計；總共有 考題4 (典型例題分)"We are havirrg a class." she said. it was a newly open kindergarten sponsored by the church. A. added that B. adding that C. has added D. and adding that 考題4點撥：答案為B。add在此句中用作及物動詞，“補充說”，add與主語she是主動關系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞表達。 5．1atest adj．最近的；最新的eg： This toy robot is the Iatest craze a11 over the world． 這種玩具機器人最近風靡全世界。 相關鏈接：latest adj強調時間上最近的．最新的Iate adj．＆．adv．晚．遲到 later adv．1ate的比較級．表示“后來”：1ately adv．最近(=recently)用法拓展：at(the)latest副詞詞組．“最晚．最遲” the latest名詞詞組．“最新的新聞；最新的發(fā)展[發(fā)現(xiàn)]；最新式樣”。 考題5 (典型例題) I have. seen so little of Mike . Is he away on business? --Oh, no. He just es very A. later; lately B. later; later C.lalely; late D. latest; late 考題5點撥：答案為c。前一句話中l(wèi)ately—recently．表示“最近以來”．與完成時連用，后一句話用late用作副詞．修飾動詞conle。 句意為：。我最近很少見到邁克,他因公出差了嗎?”“噢，不，他只是來得很晚而已。” 6．remind t，，．提醒；使想起 eg：The film reminded him of what he had seen in China．這部影片使他回想起在中國所看到的一切。 用法拓展：remind sb．of slh．提醒某人某事 remind sb．10 do sth．提醒某人去干某事 remind(sb)that提醒(某人)…… 考題6 (典型例題)May I that a plan should.be made for this term's study? A. remind you of B. remind you with C. remind to you D. remind you 考題6點撥：答案為D?？疾榫涫絩emind sb．that…提醒某人……。 7．dare vt．敢；敢于面對/嘗試eg：I didn't dare to move．我不敢動。 v．and"．膽敢．竟敢(常用于否定/疑問/條件句中) eg：If you dare speak to me likc that again．you'll be sorry．如果你敢再跟我那樣說話．你會后悔的。 用法拓展：dare用作實義動詞時．后面的to有時可省略。 eg： He doesn't dare(to)answer．他不敢回答。特別提醒：dare用作情態(tài)動詞時無人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有過去式,即 dared；I dare say是固定表達．“我揣測；可能”。 考題7 I wonder how he that to the teacher. A: dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say 考題7點撥：答案為D。dare用作情態(tài)動詞．此句表示時過去事實的陳述，故用dared say來表達。 8．defeat vt．擊??；戰(zhàn)勝n．失敗；敗北eg： They were defeated in the football march．他們在足球賽中輸了。 The fOOtball team suffered a defeat．該足球隊被擊敗了。 相關鏈接：defeat表示“戰(zhàn)勝/打敗對方”； beat也可表示“戰(zhàn)勝/打敗對方”，還可表示“難倒/使困惑”； win作及物動詞表示“贏得(比賽/獎品等)”．或作不及物動詞．表示“贏”。 eg： I defeated/beat my elder brotIler in playing chess．我下棋贏了哥哥。 The problem beat most of the students in the class． 這個問題使班里大部分同學困惑。 They went on struggling，and at last they won．他們不斷斗爭，最后贏了。特別提醒：win表示“贏得”時，后面的賓語不可以接sb．而接sth．。 考題8 (典型例題)--What made him so happy? _ A. His winning Tom in swimming B. His beating Tom in swimming C. He won Tom in swimming D. He beat Tom in swimming 考題8點撥：答案為B。此題答語回答了what的提問，故C、D排除；win作及物動詞時后接sth．不接sb．·因此選B·用動名詞的復合結構作主語。 二、重點短語 9．take over接管，接替；把……從一地帶到另一地 eg：Was it in 1948 that thc government took over the rallways in Great Britain?英國政府是在1948年接管的鐵路嗎? 考題9-1 The lecturer spoke so quickly that it was impossible to everything he said. A. take away B. take off C. take over D. take down 考題9-2 - Im not feeling well, doctor. You'll get better soon. A. Think it over B. Take it easy C. Yes, you are D. Be careful He took me over to the island in his smai1 boat．他用小船把我?guī)У搅四莻€島。 用法拓展：takc sb/sth．away拿去．使離開 takc a seat坐下 take(an)interest in對……有興趣 take…as ．把……看作/認為…… take back收回(諾言．話語等)take for(錯)當作,以為是 take it easy不要緊張；慢慢來takc notes做記錄．做筆記 take off脫下；起飛 take place發(fā)生．舉行 take down寫下．記下 考題9—1點撥：答案為D。take away帶走；take off 脫下，起飛；take over接管；take down記下，寫下。 考題9—2點撥：答案為B。Take it easy．別緊張；不要緊。是醫(yī)生安慰病人的話。 1O．hy force通過武力eg： Thcy COUldn't be beaten by force．他們是不能用武力打敗的。 相關鏈接：force可用作動詞．“強制．迫使”．可構成以下常用詞組： forc'sb．to so sth 迫使某人干某事；(= torce sb．into doing sth．)force sb/sth+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語 force one's way 強行前進或進入用法拓展．bc in fore 生效 e/go into force生效 put in /into force使生效 考題10-1 Karl Marx was to leave his country for political reasons. A. forcing B. forced C. force D. being forced 考題10-2 The door was forced by that man with bad manners. A. to be opened B. open C. opened D. opens 考題10—1點撥：答案為B。force sb．to do sth．“迫使某人干某事”，其被動式Ibe forced to do sth．。 考題10—2點撥：答案為B。force sth．十adj．的被動式．be forced+adj．。句意為：“門被那個粗魯?shù)娜缩唛_了”。 三、重點交際用語 11．which one sells the best in your class?在你們班哪個賣得最好? seil表“賣得如何”．不用被動。 相關鏈接：write．read．wash等都有類似用法。 eg： The pen wrtes welI．這筆寫起字來很好用。 T11e poem reads well．這首詩讀起來不錯。 The coat was}les well．這件外套很好洗。 考題11(典型例題Does this coat SUit me? …Certalnly．Better still．It well． A．is washed B．washes C．is washing D．is being washed 考題11點撥：答案為B。wash表示“(衣服等)洗起來……”．用主動形式表示本身具有的特點。句意為：“這件外套適合我嗎?～是 的。更好的情況是．它很容易洗?！? 四、重點句型 12．in ease"萬一．以防”．引導狀語從句 eg：In case he arriyes before l get back． please ask 11im to wait．如果我回來之前他來了的話，請讓他等我一下。 相關鏈接：in case單獨使用，可用作狀語．意為“以免，以防”。 eg： l’1l take some of these unused in case． 這些不用的東西我要留一些．以防萬一。用法拓展：in case of是短語介詞．意為“萬一發(fā)生……”；in no case決不(置于 句首．句子用倒裝)；in any case無論如何．不管怎樣；in this/that case如果 這樣/那樣的話 考題12-1(典型例題1 w．1l stay in the hotel there is some news about the missing girl． A．in case B．in case of C．if onlv D．uniess 考題12-2(典型例題 was advised to arrange flor insurance l needed medical t reatment． A．aIthough B．in case C．so that D．if only 考題12—1點撥：答案為A。in case"萬一，以防”，引導狀語從句。句意為：“我要呆在賓館，以防有那個走失女孩的消息。” 考題12—2點撥：答案為B。句意為：“我被建議作保險，以防需要醫(yī)療治療。” 13．no matter+特殊疑問詞引導讓步狀語從句。 eg：No matter what he did， she always trusted him．不管他干什么．她總是信賴他。 No matter how you e。you'd better arrive on time． 不管你怎么來．你最好按時到達。 相關鏈接：no matter when=whenever不管何時 no matter where—wher ever不管哪里 no matter hOW—however不管如何 no matter who—whoever無論誰 no matter which—whichever不管哪一個特別提醒：no matterq-疑問副詞一疑問副詞+ever引導讓步狀語從句：no matter+疑問代詞．引導址步狀語從句 疑問代詞+ever既可引導讓步狀語從句．也可引導名詞性從句。 eg： Whoever(=No matter who)es first．he can get my helD． 不管是淮第一個來。他都能得到我的幫助。 I Will help whoever(不能換作no matter who)es first．我要幫助第一個來的人。 考題13-1 (典型例題These wild flow- ers are so special that I would do I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 考題13-2 (典型例題分) diffi-culties we may e across, we'll help one an-other to overe them. A. Whenever B. Whatever C. However D. Wherever 考題13—1點撥：答案為A。句意為：“這些野花是如此特別，我要做我所能做的一切·來挽救它們?！? 考題13—2點撥：答案為B。whatever引導讓步狀語從句，相當于no matter what。句意為：“不管我們可能遇到什么樣的困難，我們將互相幫助共渡難關。” 五、詞語辨析 14．as many as，aS much as 二者皆可表示“同……一樣多”。但as many as用于修飾可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式，as much as用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞；另外，as much as還可單獨使用．表程度。 eg： You may try as many times as you can．你喜歡試多少次都可以。 I haren't got as much money as I thought． 我沒有得到原來想的那么多錢。 考題14 ( 典型例題 分 ) Americans eat vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. A. more than twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many 考題14點撥：答案為D。more than修飾了倍數(shù)twice，后面用了as many．一as句型。 Ⅲ．語法歸納 精通規(guī)則 游刃有余 被動語態(tài)(三)——現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài) 該語法強調一個被動的動作現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在-進行，其結構為：be(am/is/are)+being+P過去分詞。 eg： The Iife of the milu deer is being studied at present．當前麋鹿的生存正在被研究。 The question is being discussed at the meeting．這個問題正在會上被討論。 The laws are being revised to protect the rights of women and childten．這些法律(條文)正在被修訂以保護婦女和兒童的權利?？碱}點撥：答案為A。沒有搬入新居的原因是“房間正在被粉刷”。 考題 ( 典型例題 分 ) Have you moved into the new house? Not yet. the rooms A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting IV．專題探究 由點及面 由表及里 專題探究：專題詳解： 一般來說，科普文章屬于說明文，因此在閱讀科普文章時．不僅要按照說明文的閱讀方法進行閱讀，而且還要結合自己已有的各種知識和常識進行理解。這是因為：有時原文提供的信息本身無法滿足解題條件，而理解方式又不能拋離原文對文體知識性的解答。以典型例題讀為例。 Do you "want to live another 100 years or more? So.me experts say that scientific advances will one day enable humans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span. "I think we are knocking at the door of immortality(永生 )," said Michael Zey, a Montclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future. "I think by 2075 we will see it and that's a conservative estimate( 保守的估計). " At the conference in San Francisco. Donald Louria, a profes- sor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology(納米技術 ) make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. "There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years," he said. "Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years. " However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubt- ful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years. Even with healthier lifestyles and less dis- eass, they say failure of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to death. Scientists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live. "It remains to be seen if you pass 120, you know; could yoube healthy enough to have good quality of life?" said Leonard Poon, director of the University of Georgia Gerontology Center."At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all. " 1. By saying "we are knocking at the door of immortality", Mi-chael Zey means A. they believe that there is no limit of living B. they are sure to find the truth about long living C. they have got some ideas about living forever D. they are able to make people live past the present life span 2. Donald Lourias attitude toward long living is that A. people can live from 120 to 180 B. it is still doubtful how long humans can live C. the human body is designed to last past about 120 years D. it is possible for humans to live longer in the future 3. The underlined "it" (Paragraph 4) refers to A. a great push B. the idea of living beyond the present life span C. the idea of living from 200 to 300 years D. the conservative estimate 4. What would be the best title for this text.'? A. Living Longer or Not B. Science, Technology and Long Living C. No Limit for Human Life D. Healthy Lifestyle and Long Living 整體把握：這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人們對壽命是否可以延長的不同看法。閱讀題答案： 1．c點撥：本句暗含科學家在理論上推斷出人有可能活得更長。A、B、D太絕對．不合文章的意思。 2．D點撥：第三段最后一句“Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could tive to 200 or 300 or 500 years．” 說明，Donald Louria認為將來人們的壽命會更長。 3．B點撥：由第三段可知：it指"people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years”。 4．A點梭：文章主要講述人有可能長壽，但能否實現(xiàn)卻是未知。故A為最佳標題。文章提及B、D，但沒有主要討論。c太絕對。 V．考題類型一網(wǎng)打盡 驀然回首 燈火闌珊 回顧1 測試考點12 (典型例題分)I always take some thing to read when I go to the doctor's I have to wait. A. in case "B. so that C. in order D. as it 1．A 點撥：in case引導的狀語從句。句意為：。當我去看病時。總是帶上讀的東西，以防等待(時好用得上)?！? 回顧2 測試考點 3 (典型例題e have ple- ted his work, otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldn't D. can't 2．B點撥：must have done表示對過去情況的肯定推測。句意為：“他肯定完成工作了．否則，他不可能在海邊玩得那么愉快?！? 回顧3 測試考點 6 (典型例題n our childhood, we were often by Grandma to pay" attention to our table man- ners. A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed. D. hoped 3．B 點撥：remind sb．to do sth．“提醒某人千某事”的被動形式。 回顧4 測試考點3 ,( 典型例題 分 ) My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who have taken it? A. should B. must C. could D. would 4．c 點撥：could have done用于疑問句中。表示對過去情況的可能推測。 回顧5 測試考點 3 (典型例題I have lost one of my gloves. I it somewhere. A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped 5．B 點撥：must have done表示對過去情況的肯定推測。 回顧6 測試考點 3 (典型例題There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, ? A. didn't they B. don't they C. mustn't they D. haven't they 6．D點撥：must have done的反意疑問句中如果沒有表過去的時間狀語，借助于have／has進行反意疑問；如果有表示過去的時間狀語，借助幣did進行反意疑問。 Ⅵ．2011年高考題預測 高瞻遠矚 占盡先機 一、考情預測 年考情預測 預測1：口語It/That(all)depends． 預測根據(jù)：交際用語是每年高考中必考的一個內容，口語It/That(a11)depends“這要看情況而定”，是交際用語中使用頻率較高的一個重點句型，也是高考中近幾年經(jīng)常考查的要點。 命題角度預測：此交際用語通常會在聽力測試或單項選擇中進行。如果出現(xiàn)在聽力測試部分，造成的干擾性會更大，因為它表達了說話者實際上沒有當場作出結論的意思。 預測2：辨析：should have done，shouldn't have done 預測根據(jù)：情態(tài)動詞+have+過去分詞的用法，表示對過去發(fā)生情況的一種表達，是高考語法考查的重點。should have done表示“過去本應該干某事而實際上沒做”和shouldn't have done表示“過去本不應該干某事而實際上卻做了”，是考查的一個熱點。 命題角度預測：此要點通常會在單項選擇中出現(xiàn)，會在一定語境的基礎上，要求考生判斷出選擇的項與所給語境的融合統(tǒng)一。 預測3：表示某人/某物本身具有某特點，用動詞的主動形式。 預測根據(jù)：動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)是高考考查的重點，也是一個難點。有些動詞，如open，write，wash，sell等，表示某人/某物本身具有的特點時，不用被動形式，是考情預測 年高考題中可現(xiàn)性較高的一部分內容。 命題角度預測：此要點在單項選擇、完形填空中出現(xiàn)的可能性大，務必掌握好此類動詞的此種用法。 預測4：no matter+特殊疑問詞引導狀語從句 預測根據(jù)：狀語從句是高考語法的一個重要組成部分，no mat—ter+特殊疑問詞引導的狀語從句，是近幾年高考對狀語從句考查的熱點之一。 命題角度預測：此句型的考查通常會在單項選擇中出現(xiàn)，設項通常會有特殊疑問詞，連詞，no matter+特殊疑問詞等，干擾性很大，務必要搞清楚要表達的意思及句子中所缺少的成分。 預測5：話題預測 本單元的話題是“科技”，因此與此話題有關的閱讀理解也許會出現(xiàn)，這屬于說明文，也是科普類的文章，需要考生從原理及如何運用某產品等方面去了解此類文章，這也是考生在做閱讀理解方面的一個難點。 二、考題預測 [備考1]測試考點2 --Will you e to my birthday party this weekend? --It A. all depend B. all depends C. is all depended D. is all depending 1．B點撥：lt aIl depends．看情況而定。 [備考2]測試考點 1 They haven't reached any agreement the plan. A. on B. to C. for D. with 2．A 點撥：reach any agreement on…就……達成協(xié)議。 [備考3]測試考點 3 --I heard they went skiing in the .mountains last winter. --It true because there was little snow there. A. must not be B. won't be C. eouidn't have been D. mustn't have been 3．c 點撥：表示對過去情況的否定推測，不用mustn't而用couldn't。 [備考4]測試考點4 What you said my stress. A. added B. added up C. added to D. added up to 4．c 點撥：add加；補充說；add¨p合汁；add t0增加；add up to合計達……。句意為：“你所說的增加了我的壓力。” [備考5]測試考點13 I saw him. he was always smiling. A. When B. Whenever C. What D. Whatever 5．B點撥：句意為：“不管何時見到他．他總是微笑著?！? [備考6]測試考點 2 He is always late for work. You can never his arriving on time. A. depend on B. depend C. dependence D. dependent 6．A點撥：depend 0n依靠．指望．其他選項詞性和搭配都不符合句意。 [備考7]測試考點6 It me France when I listen to the song. A. reminds; in B. remind; of C. reminds; of D. reminded; in 7．c 點撥：根據(jù)句子時態(tài)可知remind需變單三形式，remind sb．of sth．提醒某人某事。 [備考8]測試考點 12 It may rain, you'd better take an umbrella just it does. A. in case B. in any case C. in this case D. in.no case 8．A點撥：in case萬一，其他選項不合句意。