2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) M4 Unit1 Advertising教案學(xué)案練習(xí)一體化學(xué)案 牛津譯林版必修4.doc

《2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) M4 Unit1 Advertising教案學(xué)案練習(xí)一體化學(xué)案 牛津譯林版必修4.doc》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) M4 Unit1 Advertising教案學(xué)案練習(xí)一體化學(xué)案 牛津譯林版必修4.doc（32頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) M4 Unit1 Advertising教案學(xué)案練習(xí)一體化學(xué)案 牛津譯林版必修4 1． 詞匯： advertise， share， persuasive，product, service, promote, place, intended, educate, welfare, plete(ly), lie, claim, aware, toothpaste, breath, cure, customer, connect, trick, creative, public, lead, nationwide, campaign, drug, deal, social, mit, smart, satisfied, publisher, unique, senior, choice, remend, purchase, copy, sweet, sales, bar, packaging, update, design, unforgettable, fashionable, convenient, continuously, functional, filling, available, various, particular, goal, target, media, mailing, determine, appeal, react, gather, approach 2． 詞組、短語(yǔ)：be used to，be satisfied with, encourage sb. to do sth., post sth. on the school website, learn about, do some research on, have information to do sth., share sth. with sb. pay for, do sth. for free, be intended to do sth., educate sb about sth., tell sb. the truth, protect sb. from, be aware of, even if, be proud of, feel good about, connect sth. to, play trick on sb., serve the public, be meant to do sth., lead(live) a …life, deal with，believe in sth., publics service projects, Project Hope, school every child, be smart about, be supposed to do sth., persuasive language, exciting images, be popular with, market share, sales targets, market leader, be of high quality, sales figures, for the benefit of, have a goal, get sb. to do sth., create the right message, care about, be concerned with, affect one’s life, get the message across, depend on, e up with, 3． 語(yǔ)法、結(jié)構(gòu)：direct speech and reported speech 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ) 4． 技能指導(dǎo) ： 1） read expository writing 2） write an advertisement and develop an advertising campaign 合作探究 Wele to the unit I． Read the following and tell what they are for: 1. Home-care helper for disabled woman in her downtown home, provide personal care and recreation, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m., five days a week. 824-3174 between 4 and 7 p.m. 2. Large bedroom in shared house, close to downtown and University, off-street parking, on bus route, park with tennis courts across the street. 824-2723 or 823-0236. 3. 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. plete Pasta Dinners $28.5 Tel: 422307 4. Tent--￡35 Nylon, blue and green; lm high, 120cm wide, 190cm deep (for two people) Portable CD player--E60 With radio, stereo headphones, case. No batteries. 16cm x 13cm x 6cm. Weighs 2kg 5. Save 25% All mens pajamas II． We have two basic types of advertisements. One is A mercial advertisement (CAs商業(yè)廣告), and the other is Public service advertisement (PSAs公益服務(wù)廣告) . Read and enjoy the following advertisements and decide which are PSAs and which are CAs. 1) Make it possible with Canon. 佳能數(shù)碼相機(jī)廣告 2) The daily modern 日產(chǎn)（尼桑）汽車廣告 3) Planned Parenthood Children by choice, Not by chance 4) There’s no better way to fly. 德國(guó)漢莎航空 5) The power of dreams 本田汽車廣告 6) Make Poverty History 7) Like no other 索尼產(chǎn)品廣告 8) Take TOSHIBA, take the world. 9) One by one they step forward: a nurse, a teacher, a homemaker. And lives are saved. 10) We can beat extreme poverty, starvation, AIDS. But we need your help 11) The choice of a new generation. 新一代的選擇。——百事可樂(lè) 12) Ask for more 渴望無(wú)限——百事流行鞋 13) Impossible made possible 使不可能為可能——佳能打印機(jī) 14) Were not asking for your money; were asking for your voice. CAs：______________ ________________ ________________ ______________ ________________ ________________ ______________ ________________ ________________ PSAs: ______________ ________________ ________________ ______________ ________________ ________________ ______________ ________________ ________________ Reading & discussion Read the passage of Reading and decide the main ideas for each paragraph after discussion. Para1 __________________________________________________________ Para2 __________________________________________________________ Para3 __________________________________________________________ Para4 __________________________________________________________ Activities and discussion I. Learn to design some questions，express your opinion and state the views. Q1： _________________________________________________________________ Q2： ________________________________________________________________ Q3: ________________________________________________________________ Q4: ________________________________________________________________ II. Try to join your main ideas together with some other sentences to form a summary of your Reading. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Words and expressions 3．研析： 詞匯 1. share n. 一份（報(bào)酬、責(zé)任、權(quán)利等），股份， If you want a share of the pay, you’ll have to do your share of the work. 如果你想得到一份報(bào)酬，就得做好你該分擔(dān)的那一份工作。 She owns 5000 shares in the pany. 她擁有公司的五千股份。 Children should have a share in deciding which subjects they study. 孩子們應(yīng)可參與決定學(xué)習(xí)哪些課程。 Vt. to join with other people in owning, using , or doing something 分享，共有，分擔(dān) Everyone in the house shares the same bathroom. 家里的人都共用一個(gè)浴室。 He’s sure we’ll win the match, but I don’t share his faith in the team. 他肯定我們會(huì)贏這場(chǎng)比賽，但我沒(méi)有他對(duì)球隊(duì)的那種信念。 also 又作share out , to divide and give out in shares 分配，均分 His property was shared between his children. 他的財(cái)產(chǎn)由他的孩子們平分了。 2. be used to, 有用句型：be(get) used to sth; be used to doing sth 習(xí)慣于 （某事）的； She gets used to English food. 她開始習(xí)慣英國(guó)的食物。 I’m not used to getting up so early. 我不習(xí)慣起得那么早。 [相關(guān)鏈接]：be used to do sth used to do sth would do sth A puter can be used to do all its accounts. 電腦可以用來(lái)計(jì)算所有的賬目。 I don’t play tennis much these days, but I used to. 我最近不太打網(wǎng)球，可是過(guò)去常打。 We used to work in the same office and we would often have coffee together. 我們以前在同一個(gè)辦公室工作，并且經(jīng)常一起喝咖啡。 注意：used to do sth 表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常、總是或有規(guī)律地發(fā)生的事，但現(xiàn)在不一定還那么做。 usedn’t to 否定縮略形式，used to 也常常被看作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 3. advertise，vt.做廣告：為…做公開啟事，尤指贊揚(yáng)（某一產(chǎn)品或企業(yè)）的質(zhì)量或優(yōu)勢(shì)以促銷 1). to make known; call attention to: 引起注意：使變得著名；引起對(duì)…的注意： I advertised my intention to resign. 渲染我要辭職的意向 2). to warn or notify: 告誡，告知： This event advertises me that there is such a fact as death. 這件事告誡我有死亡這樣的事實(shí) vi（不及物動(dòng)詞） 1). to call the attention of the public to a product or business. 做廣告：引起公眾對(duì)產(chǎn)品或企業(yè)的注意 We advertised through the newspaper for the products of our factory. 我們通過(guò)報(bào)紙宣傳我們廠的產(chǎn)品。 2). to inquire or seek in a public notice, as in a newspaper: 登廣告：在公告，如報(bào)紙上詢問(wèn)或?qū)ふ遥? He advertised for an apartment when he just arrived in this city. 在他剛到這個(gè)城市時(shí)他登廣告尋求公寓房 4. remend, vt.（及物動(dòng)詞） 1). to praise or mend (one) to another as being worthy or desirable; endorse: 推薦：向另外一個(gè)人稱贊或推薦（某人或物），認(rèn)為其有價(jià)值或合人心意；擔(dān)保： They remended him for the job. 他們推薦他做那項(xiàng)工作。 He remended a sedan instead of a station wagon. 他推薦了轎子而不是馬車 2). to make (the possessor, as of an attribute) attractive or acceptable: 使受歡迎：使（其擁有者，如其品質(zhì)之擁有者）具有吸收力或使之可?。? Honesty remends any person. 任何一個(gè)人都?xì)g迎誠(chéng)實(shí)的品質(zhì) Your plan has very little to remend it. 你的計(jì)劃幾乎毫無(wú)可取之處。 3). to mit to the charge of another; entrust. 托付：將……交給另一個(gè)人掌管；信托 She remend a child to her friend when was away. 她不在家時(shí)把小孩子托給她的朋友照管。 4). to advise or counsel: 勸告：建議或忠告： She remended that we avoid giving offense. 她建議我們避免找麻煩 vi.（不及物動(dòng)詞） 1). to give advice or counsel: 建議：給以勸告或忠告： He remended against signing an international agreement 他建議別簽署國(guó)際協(xié)定。 5. determine, vt.（及物動(dòng)詞） 1). to decide or settle (a dispute, for example) conclusively and authoritatively. 判定：結(jié)論性、權(quán)威性地決定或解決（糾紛等） He determined to go. 他決意要去。 I am determined to do better than Mike. 我決心比邁克做得更好。 He determined to go [that he (should) go] at once. 他決心立刻就走。 2). to cause (someone) to e to a conclusion or resolution. 使（某人）得出結(jié)論，使得出解決方法 He has not determined what he will study. 他還沒(méi)有決定學(xué)什么。 His advice determined me to drink and smoke no more. 他的勸告使我決定不再抽煙喝酒了。 3). to be the cause of; regulate: 成為…的原因；控制： Demand determines production. 需求決定生產(chǎn) 4). to give direction to: 定向：指出方向： The management mittee determines departmental policy. 管理委員會(huì)決定各部門的政策 vi.（不及物動(dòng)詞） 1). to reach a decision; resolve.解決，決定：作出決定； They determined on an early start. 他們決定早些出發(fā)。 I have determined on [upon] going to the countryside after graduation. 我已決定畢業(yè)后到農(nóng)村去。 6. appeal, vi. 1). 呼吁；懇求 The government is appealing to everyone to save water. 政府呼吁每個(gè)人節(jié)約用水。 The victims families of the murder have appealed to the Supreme Court to have a definitive answer. 謀殺案的被害家屬已經(jīng)請(qǐng)求最高法院作確切的答復(fù)。 2). （常與to連用）吸引；引起興趣 She appeals to me. 我對(duì)她感興趣。 Bright colours appeal to small children. 小孩喜歡鮮艷的顏色。 Does the idea of working for a venture pany appeal to you? 你有沒(méi)有興趣到合資企業(yè)去工作? 3). n. 呼吁；懇求 an appeal for forgiveness 懇求原諒 The teacher listened to his appeal. 老師傾聽了他的要求。 4). （常與to連用）上訴；訴諸于 appeal a decision to a higher court 不服判決提出上訴 He appealed against the judges decision. 他不服法官判決而上訴。 7. approach vt., vi. 1). 走近；靠近 We approached the museum. 我們走近博物館。 2). （首次）接洽 Did he approach you about a loan? 他與你談了借款的事了嗎？ 3). 開始考慮；開始著手 He approached the idea with caution. 他開始認(rèn)真地考慮那個(gè)主意。 He approached the new job with enthusiasm. 他滿懷熱情地去干新的工作。 4). 接近，近似 The population of our city is approaching 5 million 我們這個(gè)城市的人口接近500萬(wàn) It is not allowed to approach the forbidden area. 這里是禁區(qū)不許接近。 The time is approaching when we must be on board. 我們上船的時(shí)間快到了。 [習(xí)慣用法] at the approach of 在...快到的時(shí)候 be approaching (to) 與...差不多, 大致相等 be difficult of approach (指地方)難到達(dá)的; (指人)難于接近的 be easy of approach (指地方)容易到達(dá)的, 交通方便的; (指人)容易接近的 make an approach to 對(duì)...進(jìn)行探討 make approaches to sb. 設(shè)法接近某人, 想博得某人的好感 approach sb. on sth. 向某人接洽[商量、交涉] approach sb. about sth. 向某人接洽[商量、交涉] approach to 接近, 近似, 約等于; (做某事)的方法[途徑] 8. satisfy vt. 使幸福； 使愉快; 使?jié)M足，使?jié)M意 This work does not satisfy me. 這件工作我不滿意。 "I wasnt satisfied with our treatment at that hotel, so I shall plain to the proprietor." "我不滿意我們?cè)谀羌衣灭^受到的待遇,因此我要向旅館老板投訴。" （常與of, that連用）使確信；使消除疑慮 I am satisfied that he is guilty. 我確信他有罪。 I satisfied my employer that I had finished. 我使老板相信我已經(jīng)完成 adj. satisfied; 感到滿意的 satisfying令人滿足的, 令人滿意的 The story had a satisfying ending. 那個(gè)故事的結(jié)局令人滿意。 9. intend vt. 想要, 打算; 企圖 ;設(shè)計(jì); 計(jì)劃; 意指, 意思是 He intends his child for a doctor 他打算讓孩子以后行醫(yī) He intends no harm. 他沒(méi)有惡意。 I intend to go home. 我想回家。 The book is intended for beginners. 本書是為初學(xué)者編寫的。 What do you intend by that remark? 你說(shuō)這話是什么意思? Is that what you intended? 這是你的原意嗎? I intend it as a stop -gap. 我想拿它湊數(shù)。 [相關(guān)鏈接] intend 系正式用語(yǔ), 指“心里已有做某事的目標(biāo)或計(jì)劃”, 含有“行動(dòng)堅(jiān)決”之意, 如: I intended to write to you. 我要給你寫信。 mean 可與 intend互換, 但強(qiáng)調(diào)“做事的意圖”, 較口語(yǔ)化, 如: I mean to go to bed earlier tonight. 今晚 我想早些睡覺(jué)。 propose指“公開明確地提出自已的目的或計(jì)劃”, 如: I proposed to speak for an hour. 我想講一小時(shí)。 [習(xí)慣用法] be intended to (do) 意思是使; 是用來(lái) be intended to be 規(guī)定為, 確定為 it is intended that 企圖, 意圖是 intend for 打算供...使用; 打算送給；打算使...成為; 想讓...從事某事 10. protect vt. 保護(hù); 保衛(wèi); 準(zhǔn)備支付(匯票) protect home industries 保護(hù)國(guó)內(nèi)工業(yè) protect sb. from danger 保護(hù)某人免遭危險(xiǎn) A line of forts was built along the border to protect the country against attack. 在邊界沿線構(gòu)筑了堡壘, 以防國(guó)家受到攻擊。 He raised his arm to protect his face. 他舉起手臂護(hù)住臉部。 He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 他戴著太陽(yáng)鏡以擋強(qiáng)烈的陽(yáng)光。 11. aware adj. [用作表語(yǔ)]知道的; 意識(shí)到的 He wasn’t aware of the danger. 他沒(méi)意識(shí)到有危險(xiǎn)。 I didn’t bee aware of his arrival. 我沒(méi)注意到他的到來(lái)。 注意：后接從句時(shí)of 要省略。 Are you aware that you have hurt her feelings? 你有沒(méi)有察覺(jué)到你已經(jīng)傷害了她的感情了呢？ I became aware how she might feel. 我察覺(jué)到她會(huì)有怎樣的感受。 [相關(guān)鏈接] aware; conscious; sensible 都含有“意識(shí)到的”意思。 aware 側(cè)重“感官所意識(shí)到的外界事物”, 如: Everybody is aware of the importance of the Four Modernizations. 每個(gè)人都意識(shí)到了四化的重要性。 conscious 側(cè)重“心理感知”, 如: He is conscious of a sense of quilt. 他感到內(nèi)疚。 sensible 指“可用感官察覺(jué)到的(較復(fù)雜或抽象的事物的)”, 如: I was sensible of her solemn grief. 我知道她很悲哀。 unaware 不知道的，沒(méi)察覺(jué)到的 unconscious不省人事的，未發(fā)覺(jué)的，無(wú)意識(shí)的 12. trick n. 詭計(jì), 欺騙, 騙術(shù), 奸計(jì); 謀略; 惡作劇; 卑鄙的手段; 輕率愚蠢行為; 習(xí)慣怪癖; (貶意)秘訣, 竅門; 手腕, 手法; 技藝, 巧技; 戲法, 幻術(shù); [口語(yǔ)]逗人的孩子; 俏姑娘 He exposed all the tricks of the enemy 他揭露了敵人的一切陰謀詭計(jì)。 a double -dealing trick 兩面派手法 Tom can see through the magicians tricks. 湯姆能看穿魔術(shù)家的戲法。 戲法；把戲；花樣 I can do magic tricks. 我會(huì)玩魔術(shù)。 He has learned the tricks of the trade 他學(xué)會(huì)了這行生意的訣竅 He got the money from me by a trick. 他用詭計(jì)騙走了我的錢。 The children played a trick on their teacher. 孩子們捉弄了他們的老師。 Tom has the trick of frowning. 湯姆有皺眉頭的習(xí)慣。 a mere trick of the light (魔術(shù)中)僅靠燈光造成的幻覺(jué) a night trick 夜班 a pretty little trick 漂亮的少女 13. deal with，vt. (dealt [delt]) 分配, 分派(out); 分, 分給, 授給, 發(fā)(紙牌) 給以(打擊); [常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)]對(duì)待, 對(duì)付 deal sb. hard blows 狠狠打擊某人 deal the cards 分牌 You have been well /badly dealt by him. 你受到了他的優(yōu)/虐待。 vi. 交易; 經(jīng)營(yíng)(in) 應(yīng)付, 處理, 考慮, 安排(with)，與...有關(guān); 論述, 涉及(with) 從事, 參與; 生產(chǎn); 使用，交際, 打交道, (和...)來(lái)往，對(duì)待, 處分, 懲處，分發(fā)(尤指分紙牌) deal in tea 經(jīng)營(yíng)茶葉 deal with the cards 發(fā)牌 He is easy to deal with. 他很容易打交道。 The mittee will deal with this plaint. 委員會(huì)將要處理這份投訴 The book deals with this problem. 這本書論述了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 The teacher deals fairly with his pupils. 這個(gè)教師公平地對(duì)待他的學(xué)生。 How would you deal with an armed burglar? 遇到持有武器的盜賊，你將如何對(duì)付？ 14. believe in 信仰；信任; 相信; 認(rèn)為（某事物）有價(jià)值 to believe in God 信仰上帝 I dont believe in the story. 我不相信這件事。;我不相信這個(gè)故事。 We believe in him. 我們信任他。 Do you believe in ghosts? 你相信有鬼嗎? Some people believe in everlasting life after death. 有些人相信永生。 He believed in telling the truth. 他相信說(shuō)的是真話 He believed in homeopathy 他認(rèn)為順勢(shì)療法有效 I dont believe in letting children do whatever they like. 我不贊成讓孩子為所欲為。 15. be supposed to do sth., I suppose you are right. 我想你說(shuō)得對(duì)。 Lets suppose (that) the news is true. 讓我們假定這消息是真的。 Suppose your father saw you now, what would you say？ 假設(shè)你父親現(xiàn)在看到了你, 你該怎么說(shuō)？ Creation supposes a creator. 創(chuàng)造必須先有創(chuàng)造者。 I should suppose him to be about twenty. 我猜他是二十歲左右。 Suppose we go for a walk. 我們?nèi)ド⑸⒉桨伞? be supposed to (do) 被期望或要求; 應(yīng)該; (用于否定句中)不被許可; 據(jù)說(shuō) 16. be of high quality, be of +抽象名詞=be+該名的形容詞形式 be of great (much) value/ importance/ use/ help/ interest = be very valuable /important/ useful/helpful/ interesting The dictionary is of great help to my translation but that one is of no use. 這本字典對(duì)我的翻譯有很大的幫助，但那本卻沒(méi)用。 The reference book is of great importance to my writing. 這本參考書對(duì)我的寫作是很重要的。 of的后也可加上特質(zhì)名詞 be of +the same/different size/height/age/colour/weight/type /class etc. We are of the same class. 我們是同一個(gè)班的。 The coins are of different sizes, shape sand metals. 這些硬幣大小、形狀、質(zhì)地都不一樣。 以上這兩種of 結(jié)構(gòu)還可以用作賓補(bǔ)和名詞的后置定語(yǔ)。 Do you think the book of any interest to middle school students? (賓補(bǔ)) Old factory buildings have many halls and workshops of different sizes. (定語(yǔ)) 17. benefit n. 利益, 好處; 恩惠; 退休金; 津貼; 救濟(jì)金; 保險(xiǎn)撫恤金 義演; 義賽 a public benefit 公益 be of benefit to the people 對(duì)人民有好處 disability benefits 殘廢撫恤金 a benefit match 義賽 This dictionary will be of great benefit to me. 這部字典將對(duì)我有很大裨益。n. vt. 有益于 Exercise benefits our health. 運(yùn)動(dòng)有益于我們的健康。 vi. 受益 We benefit by [from] daily exercises. 每天做操對(duì)我們有益。 [習(xí)慣用法] for the benefit of 為了...的好處 give sb. the benefit of ones experience 用自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)[知識(shí)]幫助某人 in benefit 有資格得到救濟(jì)金(指生病、失業(yè)等津貼) out of benefit 沒(méi)有資格得到救濟(jì)金 sick benefit 疾病津貼 18. concerned n. 所關(guān)切的事； 涉及（某人）利害關(guān)系； 焦慮；商行， 公司； 企業(yè)； 康采恩， 財(cái)團(tuán); 股份; 小玩意兒， 小東西 have concern about the matter 關(guān)心此事 express /show deep concern for sb. 表示對(duì)某人十分關(guān)心 have concern over a friends misfortune 憂慮友人的不幸 a going concern 開著的商店； 發(fā)展中的事業(yè) joint stock concern 股份公司 paying concern 有收益的企業(yè) a petty concern 細(xì)事 What concern is it of yours? 此事與你有什么關(guān)系？ There is some cause for concern but no need for alarm. 是有點(diǎn)令人憂慮， 但不必驚慌。 She has a concern in that pany. 她在那家公司有股份。 Her ring is an odd little concern fitted with blinking diamonds. 她的戒指是裝有許多閃光鉆石的小玩意兒。 [習(xí)慣用法] as concerns 關(guān)于 as far as... be concerned 關(guān)于； 至于； 就...而言 be concerned about 關(guān)心 be concerned over (at) sth. 為某事憂慮 be concerned in sth. 和某事有牽連 be concerned with 牽涉到， 與...有關(guān)， 參與 everyday concerns 日常事務(wù) feel concern about 憂慮， 掛念 give oneself no concern (about) 不關(guān)切， 對(duì)...冷淡 have a concern in 和...有利害關(guān)系 have no concern for 毫不關(guān)心 have no concern with 和...毫無(wú)關(guān)系 it is no concern of mine (yours) 這不關(guān)我［你］的事 of much concern 很重要， 很有關(guān)系 of no concern 無(wú)關(guān)緊要， 沒(méi)有意義 with concern 關(guān)切地 concern oneself about sth.忙于； 從事； 關(guān)心， 關(guān)切 concern oneself in sth. 忙于； 從事； 關(guān)心， 關(guān)切 concern oneself with sth. 忙于； 從事； 關(guān)心， 關(guān)切 19. depend vi. [通常與 on, upon 連用] 依靠, 依賴; 相信, 信賴; 取決于, 由...而定 [習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)] That depends. [口]要看情況而定。 It all depends. [口]要看情況而定。 You may depend upon it. [口]肯定無(wú)疑; 放心好了。 depend on 依靠; 由...而定, 取決于; 從屬于; 依賴其維持 depend upon 依靠; 由...而定, 取決于; 從屬于; 依賴其維持 depend upon it [口]肯定無(wú)疑,保管沒(méi)錯(cuò), 我敢說(shuō)(用于句首或句末, 不必加主語(yǔ)) 20. e up with, 找出， 想出（答案，計(jì)劃等） You’ve e up with a good idea. 你想出來(lái)的主意好極了。 They might e up with a plan. 他們有可能想出一個(gè)計(jì)劃了。 He couldnt e up with an answer. 他回答不上來(lái)。 He couldnt e up with an appropriate answer just at the time. 那時(shí)他想不出一個(gè)合適的答案。 語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)津 direct speech (direct narration) 直接敘述的話語(yǔ)，即直接引語(yǔ)。the style used in writing to report what someone said by repeating their actual words. reported speech (indirect speech) 轉(zhuǎn)告引述的話語(yǔ)，即間接引語(yǔ)。the style used in writing to report what someone said without repeating their actual words. Notes: 1． 引述一般疑問(wèn)句或附加疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，通常用whether或if引導(dǎo)，而引述選擇疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，一般只能用whether引導(dǎo)。 E.g.: “Does he really mean it?” ---- I wondered whether/if he really meant it. “They live in groups, don’t they?” ---- He asked whether/if they lived in groups. “Is this book yours or his?” ---- She asked me whether this book was mine or his. 2． 引述特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用原句中的wh-詞引導(dǎo)。 E.g.: “Why didn’t you stop her?” ---- He asked why I hadn’t stopped her. 3. 引述陳述句時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)（that在口語(yǔ)中常被省略）。 e.g.: He said, “I like it very much.” ---- He said that he liked it very much. “I’ve left my book in your room.” ---- He told me that he had left his book in my room. 3. 引述祈使句時(shí)，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變成帶to 的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)句子的意思加上tell, ask, order 等動(dòng)詞，如果祈使句為否定句，在不定式的前面加上not。 She said to us, “Please sit down.” ---- She asked us to sit down. He said to him, “ Go away!” ---- He ordered him to go away. He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.” ---- He told the boys not to make so much noise. 在將直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要特別注意幾個(gè)變化： 1） 人稱的變化： 間接引語(yǔ)是轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，說(shuō)話時(shí)由于角色的不同，人稱代詞要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況作相應(yīng)的變化。 e.g. Mr Black said, “I’m busy.” ---- Mr Black said that he was busy. “Do you mind my opening all your windows?” he asked us. ---- He asked us if we minded his opening all our windows. 2) 時(shí)態(tài)的變化：如主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化。中主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)則無(wú)需變化。 直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)的變化 例 句 直 接 引 語(yǔ) 間 接 引 語(yǔ) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)不變 一般將來(lái)量 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) He said, "Im afraid I cant finish this work." He said, "Im using the knife." She said, "I have not heard from him since May." He said; "I came to help you." He said, "I had finished my homework before supper." Zhou Lan said, "I11 do it after class." He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work. He said that he was using the knife. She said that she had not heard from him since May. He said that he had e to help me. He said that he had finished his homework before supper. Zhou Lan said that she would do it afte