2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)話題語(yǔ)篇專攻練20環(huán)境保護(hù)二外研版.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)話題語(yǔ)篇專攻練20環(huán)境保護(hù)二外研版 Ⅰ. 閱讀理解 A Burmese pythons(緬甸蟒蛇)are some of the biggest snakes in the world and also one of the biggest problems in Florida’s wetlands. So state officials have asked hunters to lend a hand. The pythons are originally from Asia. Brought to the US as pets or zoo animals, some were released or broke free into the wild and found Florida’s warm weather to be perfect for a new settlement. It is estimated that tens of thousands now live in the everglades and the state’s marshy wetlands. These supersize snakes are invasive species. “The problem is with animals, ”says Carli Segelson, spokesperson for the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation mission. “The pythons eat native birds, reptiles, and small mammals, many of which are threatened species. ”Since the python moved in, several native species, such as bobcats and rabbits, have largely disappeared from Florida’s wetlands. So the Florida government has invited hunters to assist in solving this severe environmental problem. People will be allowed to hunt pythons around their breeding grounds for one month, starting on January 12. Officials are even offering cash prizes to whoever kills the most pythons and to whoever kills the longest Burmese pythons. They are hoping the contest will significantly reduce the population of this dangerous invader. “Our goal is to help get rid of the pythons from the wild, educate the public about the snakes’ impact on the Florida ecosystem, and inform them of what impacts non-native pets can have if allowed into the wild, ”Segelson said. Experts say it’s unlikely the snakes will ever be removed from the wild in Florida. But they hope to bring the python problem under control and prevent the snakes from doing more harm. 【文章大意】本文講述緬甸蟒蛇破壞佛羅里達(dá)的生態(tài)平衡, 政府下定決心進(jìn)行捕殺甚至進(jìn)行現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)以保持生態(tài)平衡。 1. We can infer from the text that Florida must be a place where it is______. A. wet and warm　　　　　 B. rainy and windy C. warm and dry D. wet and cold 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段提到It is estimated that tens of thousands now live in the everglades and the state’s marshy wetlands. 據(jù)估計(jì)有成千上萬(wàn)的蛇生活在沼澤和濕地, 故可知選A項(xiàng)。 2. By saying “The problem is with animals” in Paragraph 3, Carli Segelson means that______. A. the pythons are harmful for other animals B. people have trouble protecting animals C. the population of animals is smaller D. most animals are dangerous to the pythons 【解析】選A。句意猜測(cè)題。第三段提到The pythons eat native birds, reptiles, and small mammals, many of which are threatened species. 這種蛇吃本地的鳥, 爬行動(dòng)物及小型哺乳動(dòng)物, 危及這些物種的存在。 3. The underlined words“this dangerous invader”most probably refer to______. A. all Burmese pythons in the world B. the longest Burmese python C. the killer of Burmese pythons D. the Burmese pythons in Florida 【解析】選D。詞義猜測(cè)題。倒數(shù)第二段提到Officials are even offering cash prizes to whoever kills the most pythons and to whoever kills the longest Burmese pythons. 官方甚至提供現(xiàn)金來(lái)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)那些殺死最多和最長(zhǎng)緬甸蟒蛇的人, 可知危險(xiǎn)的入侵者指的是緬甸蟒蛇。 4. The government’s goal of hunting Burmese pythons is______. A. to drive off all the snakes B. to keep the balance of nature C. to prevent snakes from booming in number D. to provide necessities for others 【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知政府的目的是保持自然生態(tài)的平衡。 B Terribly hot weather. Pouring downpours. Scientists have long suspected that global warming can cause extreme weather events. Now experts have numbers to support that idea. The burning of fossil fuels has been leading to a buildup of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere. This CO2 is a greenhouse gas. That means it can trap heat in the air. As a result, our planet’s temperature has been rising. And this global warming will account for a growing share of ever more frequent extreme weather events. Many governments hope to limit global warming to 2 degrees Celsius above temperatures that were typical before the Industrial Revolution. It will be hard for nations to achieve that. But even if they do, global warming still will be responsible for nearly all heat extremes. Global warming also will be to blame for about 2 out of every 5 extreme rains and snowfalls. “This is a considerable fraction of major weather events, ”says climate scientist Peter Stott. So far, Earth has warmed about 0. 85 degree C since 1750. That’s about when the Industrial Revolution got its start. That’s also when fossil fuel use took off, spewing(噴出)lots of CO2into the air. Overall, the new study shows that “relatively small rises in global temperature translate into large increases in the likelihood of extremes, ”Stott says. Erich Fischer and Reto Knutti analyzed 25 different puter models of global climate. These analyses looked at different climate periods, from preindustrial times to the present. The analyses also predicted what weather events were likely to be like in the future. This period was predicted to be warmer by 2 and 3 degrees C. The puter looked at when extreme heat and precipitation(冰雹)occurred during each climate period. It focused on events of unusual heat or heavy precipitation. Before the Industrial Revolution, such extremes typically would have occurred only once in every 1, 000 days. But since the globe has been warming, such extremes are no longer nearly as rare. These new findings provide“a global statement, ”Fischer says. “You can still get the biggest heat that you have ever seen without any human changes. ” 【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。氣候變化對(duì)于極端天氣的具體影響, 將來(lái)世界的氣溫會(huì)增加2到3度, 從而會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多的極端天氣等情況。 5. The second paragraph is mainly about______. A. what damage the global warming caused B. how the global warming came into being C. where the global warming is being serious D. why fossil fuels have to be forbidden 【解析】選B。段落大意題。第二段主要描寫了溫室氣體是如何產(chǎn)生的, 怎樣造成了氣候的變暖等情況。 6. What Peter said in Para. 3 suggests that______. A. it is reasonable for climate change to happen B. there is no serious effect of the global warming now C. the influence of the global warming is great D. the extreme weather happens in small numbers 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“‘This is a considerable fraction of major weather events, ’says climate scientist Peter Stott”可知, 他認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)相當(dāng)大的數(shù)量, 說(shuō)明了全球變暖的影響是巨大的。 7. In the future, the temperature may rise at least by______degree C. A. 2. 5　　　　B. 3　　　　C. 4　　　　D. 2 【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合倒數(shù)第三段的“This period was predicted to be warmer by 2 and 3 degrees C”可知, 未來(lái)的溫度至少上升2度。 8. According to the passage, extreme weather______. A. will happen more often than before B. happens once in every 1, 000 days C. strikes every region without differences D. bees a rare phenomenon across the planet 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Before the Industrial Revolution, such extremes typically would have occurred only once in every 1, 000 days”和最后一段的第一句話“But since the globe has been warming, such extremes are no longer nearly as rare”可知, 未來(lái)這種極端的天氣會(huì)越來(lái)越頻繁。 9. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Extreme weather is being mon now. B. The role of global warming in extreme weather. C. The Earth has suffered from extreme weather. D. Global warming makes the Earth hotter and hotter. 【解析】選B。主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了氣候變暖, 造成了更多的極端天氣發(fā)生等情況, 因此B符合主題。 Ⅱ. 閱讀填句 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. __1 Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. __2__After a while, it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not biodegradable—destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants. __3__That means harmful material may get into our food supply. __4__Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also work—where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to, rather than end it after the first use. We could, when we get rid of that plastic, recycle it and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials. The report also calls on panies to improve methods for using plastics. __5__And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. But all of the panies must join to deal with the problem. A. Then, fish may eat the plastics. B. It asks for them to better measure and direct plastic use. C. The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters. D. The report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation. E. Plastics should be gathered together and reused. F. But people can make a big difference. G. It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life. 【文章大意】本文主要介紹了塑料是造成海洋和海洋水下環(huán)境污染的主要原因等情況。 1. 【解析】選D。承接上文, D項(xiàng)講述了該報(bào)告的內(nèi)容, 故D正確。 2. 【解析】選C。根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系, 扔在河里和其他水域里的塑料制品最終會(huì)到達(dá)海洋, 故答案選C。 3. 【解析】選A。根據(jù)下文句子That means harmful material may get into our food supply. 那意味著塑料可能會(huì)進(jìn)入我們的食物, 那么只能是魚吃了塑料, 然后我們?cè)俪贼~, 故答案選A。 4. 【解析】選F。下文談的是人類的影響, 故答案填F, 人類可以起到很大作用。 5. 【解析】選B。上下文都是講的避免污染的方法, 故答案B才符合邏輯關(guān)系。 Ⅲ. 短文改錯(cuò) 　　假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文, 請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤, 每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加: 在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧), 并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除: 把多余的詞用斜線( \ )畫掉。 修改: 在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線, 并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意: 1. 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞。 2. 只允許修改10處, 多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。 　　Water is very important to us, without that there would be no life. We couldn’t live if we didn’t have water. Therefore, some people don’t turn the tap off at once after using it. Some people don’t realize they wash them in the shower too long. Some even throw away bottles full in water. As middle school students, we should make great efforts to save water. On one hand, every single person’s save water is significance. On other hand, we can use some water we just used to watering plants. We shouldn’t leave the tap running for while we brush our tooth. 答案: 1. 【解析】第一句中的that→which。定語(yǔ)從句中介詞后用which。 2. 【解析】第三句中的Therefore→However。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 3. 【解析】第四句中的them→themselves。wash themselves給他們自己洗澡。 4. 【解析】第五句中的in→of。full of充滿的, 是固定搭配。 5. 【解析】第七句中的save→saving。person’s后用動(dòng)名詞形式。 6. 【解析】第七句中的significance→significant。系動(dòng)詞后面用形容詞。 7. 【解析】第八句中的On后加the。on the other hand另一方面。 8. 【解析】第八句中的watering→water。watering前的to是不定式符號(hào), 故用動(dòng)詞原形。 9. 【解析】第九句中的for去掉。while是連詞。 10. 【解析】第九句中的tooth→teeth?！把例X”應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 ①wild　　　　　 adj. 野生的 ②hunter n. 獵人 ③prevent. . . from. . . 阻止……發(fā)生 ④global warming 全球變暖 ⑤greenhouse n. 溫室 ⑥account for 說(shuō)明 ⑦be responsible for 為……負(fù)責(zé)