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一種新型單腔旋轉開練混合機
A NEW A SINGLE-CHAMBER ROTATY MILL-MIXER
At the Tallin building ceramics factory a single-chamber rotary mill-mixer of our own design has been in use for preparing clay slip for more than three years.
The mill consists of a frame l of complex form, placed on supporting counter-levers 2. A 1100-mm diameter rotor with a length of 500 mm is placed in the frame eccentrically; it consists of a shaft 3, rotating on two roller bearings 4, and bi-hammers 5 freely suspended on axles 6. The hammers are secured on the rotor shaft with a holder of original design.
During the rotation of the rotor at a peripheral speed of 14.4 m/sec (rotational frequency 250 min) the hammers crush and disperse the clay, and solo remove the prepared slip from the mill-mixer.
Removal of the clay slip with the rotor is carried out continuously through the aperture of the stationary control screen 7, measuring 400* 470 mm and built into the frame of the mill. The slip is fed into the chamber receiver 8 by force of gravity from which it passes through the pipe 9 into the tank (20m3) fitted with a propeller stirrer. In this the clay slip is homogenized and brought to the optimum moisture content, fluidity, and other physical constants.
The rotor is driven from the 75 KW motor (not shown in fig.1) through the V-belt drive and the lead pulley 10, fitted on the shaft 3.The sealing in the shaft output zone from the frame of the mill-mixer is provided by the stuffing glands 11 of the standard type, and by feeding in pressurized water in small amounts through the tubes
12.
*Author's Patent No. 324065.
Scientific-Research Institute of Building Ceramics. Translated from Steklo i Keramika,
No. 12, pp. 15-16, December, 1983.
0361-7610/83/1112-0601507.50 9 1984 Plenum Publishing Corporation 601
The starting materials are loaded through the funnel 13 of the shaft type with a cross
Section of 660*800mm. The metallic objects and other ungrindable bodies contained
In the clay are collected in the clay are collected in the pan 14 from which periodically(as they collect)they are removed through the drainage trap 15. The plate 16 serves to direct the upper stream of slip, discharged through the aperture of the screen7, to the bottom of the receiver 8.
The mill_mixer with the drive has a length of 3050mm, a width of 2120mm, and a height of 3140 mm. The weight f the mill without the electric motor is 5800kg.
The mill-mixer operates in a tile shop of the factory for grinding ceramic clays of the Kembriisk(loksa), Pechers,Nikiforovsk,Veselovsk,and Ioozu types,precrushed to the mill-mixer by belt feed. The grinding of the clays taken in the required ratios is done in mains water without electrolytes. Electrolytes(water glass and soda ash)are charged into the overflow tank into which the clay slip is gravity fed from the mill-mixer
through the gutter.
The feeding of the mill with clay and water is controlled with the ammeter using loading readings on the electric motor:and the moisture content and fluidity of the resulting slip are assessed by the operator visually with respect to the rate of flow from the aperture of the control (discharge)screen on the mill.
The completeness of the clay dispersion is 100%.The water content of the slip homogenized in the drain off tank varies in the range 48_53%(Table 2).
Experience with the industrial operation of the unit showed that during the grinding the grinding of clays used at the factory in this mill, complete dispersal is attained only if we use a control screen with round apertures of diameter 5 mm or less,Slip with lumps of undermilled clay passes through a screen with larger apertures,and these have to be blunged in the overflow tank. component to the mixing tanks whence the nonplastics and fluxes were loaded:these were wet ball-milled.The resulting slip for the tile body was dewatered to a moisture content of 5-6% in tower spray driers designed by the Planning Office of the Scientific-Research Institute of Building Ceramics,and in the form of press powder was used to make facade tiles and floor tiles measuring 200*200*11, 150*150*11,and 150*150*9mm,using the KRK/P-125 presses.
The tiles are fired on four continuous SMK-158 conveyer lines designed by the above Institute.
Tiles based on clay slip obtained in a mill-mixer correspond in physical properties and external appearance with the standards.
The single-chamber rotary mill-mixer is dynamically stabilized, operates practically without noise, is technically effective, economical (in energy outlay), simple in design and control, and reliable in operation; it is not sensitive to the presence of uncrushable bodies in the clay and stone inclusions, it provides good quality clay slip from raw materials of any moisture content, and successfully processes marl clays with the use of water heated to 40-50℃
The output of the mill-mixer is 8-I0 tons/h using dry substance. The Bi-hammers of the rotor prepared from carbon steel last for 6-7 months. One operator services the unit. When necessary the output of this design of mill can be boosted by increasing the number of hammers and the length of the rotor.
At present the Institute is completing work on the design of double- and triple-chamber rotary mill-mixers of this type with outputs of 15 and 25 tons/h, capable of crushing and grinding in a single stage clay raw materials up to 500 mm in size. Replacing the removable Bi-hammers is effected without dismantling the cover of the mill frame.we In this case, together with traditional types of clay raw materials it is possible to use local kaolinite-hydrated-micamontmorillonite clays. This yields a 50-100℃ reduction in the tile’s firing temperature.
Production tests and the introduction of these bodies at the Kiev Ceramic factory showed that the resulting fa?ade tiles have a water absorption of 7-9%.a shrinkage of 3.5-5%,a bending strength of 29-35 MPa, and a frost resistance of more than 100 heat cycles. The savings from using ferroalloy, silicon manganese slag with an output of 500,000 m2 of fa?ade tiles, was 78,000 rubles in 1982.
LITERATURE CITED
1 L.P. Chernyak et al., Steklo Keram., NOo i0, 17 (1981).
2. M. B. Bek et al., Steklo Keram., No. 7, 4 (1981).
3. Yu. I. Chop et al., Steklo Keram., No. 2, 17 (1983).
4. V. N. Dovgopol et al., in: Slags from the Ferrous Metals Industry, Their Treatment and Use [in Russian], UralNIIChM, Sverdlovsk, (1971), Vol. 12, p. 208.
5. N. V. Osadchaya and V. F. Pavlov, Tr. NIIStroikeramika (1980), p. 19.
PREPARING CLAY SLIP IN A SINGLE-CHAMBER ROTARY
MIXING MILL
A.S.Sladkov UDC 666.3:621.927
我們設計的單腔旋轉開練混合機在塔林建筑陶瓷制造廠已經(jīng)用來配制粘土泥漿三年多了。
制造廠由用來放置支撐柜臺的杠桿2的復形式的框架1組成。它是一個被放置在偏心框架的長度為500毫米、直徑為1100毫米的轉子,它由一個軸3，并旋轉兩軋輥軸承4，錘子5可自由地被軸6中斷。原始設計的夾持器轉子軸是用來固定錘子的。
從開練混合機中制備滑動的轉子以14.4米/秒的圓周速度轉動(旋轉頻率為250/分鐘)，錘子是用來壓碎和分散粘土。
通過平穩(wěn)控制篩的孔徑7實現(xiàn)持續(xù)實施除去轉子的粘土泥漿，它是400 * 470毫米，用來建成開練機的框架。被裝進錘子接收機8的泥漿通過重力經(jīng)過管道9進入帶有螺旋槳式攪拌器的儲罐(20米3)。粘土泥漿的攪勻是基于最佳的含水量、流動性以及其他的物理學常數(shù)。
75千瓦電動機(在圖1中未顯示)傳動轉子，是通過固定在軸3上的v-皮帶傳動和鉛滑輪10。開練混合機的框架封閉的軸輸出區(qū)域通過標準型的填料囊11提供的，送入小量加壓水通過管道12。
原材料的裝載是通過軸型截面660*800毫米的漏斗13。金屬物體和其他的不可磨的物體包含被收集在盤14上的粘土，粘土是通過引流阱15周期性移除的。盤16服務于泥漿的直接上流，通過孔徑篩選器7排放，流向接收器8的底部。
開練混合機是一個長度為3050毫米,寬度為2120毫米,高度為3140毫米的傳動裝置。不包含電動機，開練機的重量是5800千克。
開練混合機運行在制造廠的瓷磚車間，用來洛克紹、基輔、Nikiforovsk，Veselovsk，Ioozu類型陶瓷粘土的磨削，通過帶式送料傳入開練混合機。粘土的磨削所需的比率主要在于不帶有電解質(zhì)的水。電解質(zhì)加電后進入溢流儲罐，溢流儲罐在重力作用下通過飲水槽取自于開練混合機。
攝取粘土和水的開練機是通過電流表控制來加載電動機的讀數(shù)。合成的泥漿含水量和流動性通過操作者在視覺上來評估，它來源于在開練機上的控制篩孔徑流量的相對速率。
粘土離散度的完整性是100%。在排水儲罐里勻質(zhì)化泥漿的含水量在48-53%范圍內(nèi)變化(表2)。
機組的工業(yè)操作經(jīng)驗表現(xiàn)在開練機制造廠的粘土磨削，要達到完全的擴散，除非我們使用一個帶有直徑小于5毫米的圓孔控制篩，帶有磨削過粘土塊的泥漿通過大的孔徑篩，它們必須摻水攪拌到溢流儲罐。
組件混合儲罐的非塑性和通量被裝載，那些是潮濕的球磨。受影響的泥漿將在塔噴霧干燥機里被脫水成5-6%含水量，它是由建筑陶瓷科學研究院規(guī)劃辦公室設計的，利用KRK/P-125壓力機，以壓粉形式習慣于制作200*200*11,150*150*11和150*150*9毫米立面瓷磚和地磚。
根據(jù)上面研究院的設計，瓷磚被煅燒成4個連續(xù)SMK-158 輸送帶系。
在開練混合機里，基于粘土泥漿的瓷磚將獲取相應的標準物理性能和外觀。
單腔旋轉開練混合機是動態(tài)穩(wěn)定的，實際操作是沒有注意事項的，在技術上是有效可行的，在能源費用方面是經(jīng)濟的，在設計和控制上是簡單的，并且運行是可靠的；在粘土和石頭夾雜物中，對于耐壓體的存在是不敏感的，它可以從任何含水率的原材料中提供良好品質(zhì)的泥漿粘土，并且成功地利用加熱到40-50攝氏度的水進行加工泥灰?guī)r粘土。在此種情況下，連同傳統(tǒng)類型的粘土原材料更有可能使用當?shù)氐母邘X土水合云母蒙脫石粘土，它的收率是降低50-100攝氏度瓷磚燃燒溫度。
在基輔陶瓷制造廠，生產(chǎn)試驗和引進這些物體顯示了所生產(chǎn)的立面磚瓷磚具有7-9%的吸水性、3.5-5%的收縮率、29-35 Mpa的抗彎強度、超過I00熱循環(huán)的抗凍性。采用鐵合金、硅錳礦渣的產(chǎn)量是500000平方米的立面瓷磚,在1982年是78000盧布。
引用文獻
1 L.P. Chernyak et al.,
PREPARING CLAY SLIP IN A SINGLE-CHAMBER ROTARY
MIXING MILL
A.S.Sladkov UDC 666.3:621.927