乳化液泵的設(shè)計(jì)
乳化液泵的設(shè)計(jì),乳化,設(shè)計(jì)
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Figure 4-16.-機(jī)械的駕駛-Stratopower 的泵.
-機(jī)械的駕駛-Stratopower 的泵.
提高流動(dòng)的力量
-機(jī)械的駕駛-Stratopower 的泵.
提高流動(dòng)的力量
下一個(gè)第 5 章流動(dòng)的線(xiàn)和配件
圖 4-17.-流動(dòng)的換置-Stratopower 的泵. 活瓣 ?何時(shí) ?那 ?活塞 ?進(jìn)步 ?到 ?它的 ?最初的位置. 在圓筒中發(fā)生的低壓區(qū)域在活塞回返期間導(dǎo)致液體流動(dòng) ?從 ?那 ?水庫(kù) ?進(jìn)入 ?之內(nèi)那 ?圓筒. 那 ??內(nèi)在的 ??特征 ????那 ??變數(shù)- 換置 ?Stratopower?泵 ?是 ?舉例 ?在圖 4-18. 這一個(gè)泵同樣地對(duì)固定-換置 Stratopower 泵操作; 然而, 這 ?泵 ?提供 ?那 ?另外的 ?功能 ?自動(dòng)地 ?改變 ?那 ?體積 ?輸出. 這功能被水力的系統(tǒng)的壓力控制. 舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，讓我們拿在 3000個(gè) psi 是定格的一個(gè)泵, 而且提供對(duì)一個(gè) 3000 psi 系統(tǒng)的流程. 當(dāng)系統(tǒng)壓力接近,說(shuō) 2850個(gè) psi ，泵開(kāi)始卸貨 (遞送對(duì)系統(tǒng)的比較少的流程) 而且完全被卸貨 (零流程)?在 ?3000?psi. 那 ?壓力 ?規(guī)則 ?而且 ?流程 ?被控制 ?被 ?內(nèi)在的 ?旁路 ?哪一 ?自動(dòng)地調(diào)整 ?液體 ?遞送 ?到 ?系統(tǒng) ?要求. 那 ?旁路 ?系統(tǒng) ?是 ?提供 ?到 ?補(bǔ)給自我潤(rùn)滑, 特別地當(dāng)泵在非流程的時(shí)候 ?操作. ?那 ?戒指 ??旁路 ?洞 ?在活塞中每個(gè)被使旁路通道一致 ?時(shí)間 ?一 ?活塞 ?延伸 ?那 ?真正的 ?結(jié)束 ??它的向前 ?旅行. ?這 ?泵 ?一 ?小的 ?量 ?液體離開(kāi)旁路通道回到補(bǔ)給水庫(kù) ?而且 ?提供 ?一 ?常數(shù) ?變更 ?液體在泵中. 旁路被設(shè)計(jì)為使用給水庫(kù)增壓的抽對(duì)抗相當(dāng)多的后面壓力. Figure 4-18.—Internal features of Stratopower variable-displacement pump. 4-15
Figure 4-17.—Fluid displacement—Stratopower pump. valve ?when ?the ?piston ?advances ?to ?its ?foremost position. The low-pressure area occurring in
當(dāng)閥的位置接近他的最主要位置時(shí)，低壓范圍內(nèi)柱塞返回汽缸內(nèi)引起流體流動(dòng)是水進(jìn)入汽缸的結(jié)果，國(guó)內(nèi)柱塞變量泵的特性如插圖4-18。泵的操作類(lèi)似于定量的往復(fù)泵，然而，泵能提供自動(dòng)的調(diào)節(jié)輸出量變化的額外功能。這個(gè)功能受水壓系統(tǒng)壓力的制約。例如：我們采用一個(gè)定量泵3000psi，提供流量為3000psi的系統(tǒng)。因?yàn)橄到y(tǒng)壓力接近，假定2850psi,泵開(kāi)始卸載（系統(tǒng)的流量較小時(shí)）和完全卸載（零流量）在3000psi,壓力調(diào)節(jié)和流動(dòng)被內(nèi)在的自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)流量運(yùn)輸?shù)南到y(tǒng)需求所控制。旁路系統(tǒng)用來(lái)提供自身的潤(rùn)滑油，特別是當(dāng)泵在快速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí) ，旁路活塞孔的響聲是每次活塞恰好到達(dá)最前端所傳播的聲響與旁路通道的聲響相結(jié)合。這種泵有少量的來(lái)自旁路通道的液體返回儲(chǔ)料器并且提供一個(gè)流量可持續(xù)變化的一種泵。次泵通道的設(shè)計(jì)是有意圖的，它可以阻止使用沖壓油箱過(guò)程中較大的背壓。
the cylinder during the piston return causes fluid to flow ?from ?the ?reservoir ?into ?the ?cylinder. The ??internal ??features ??of ??the ??variable- displacement Stratopower ?pump ?are ?illustrated ?in figure 4-18. This pump operates similarly to the fixed-displacement Stratopower pump; however, this ?pump ?provides ?the ?additional ?function ?of automatically ?varying ?the ?volume ?output. This function is controlled by the pressure in the hydraulic system. For example, let us take a pump rated at 3000 psi, and providing flow to a 3000 psi system. As system pressure approaches, say 2850 psi, the pump begins to unload (deliver less flow to the system) and is fully unloaded (zero flow) ?at ?3000 ?psi. The ?pressure ?regulation ?and ?flow ?are controlled ?by ?internal ?bypasses ?that ?automatically adjust ?fluid ?delivery ?to ?system ?demands. The ?bypass ?system ?is ?provided ?to ?supply self-lubrication, particularly when the pump is in nonflow ?operation. ?The ?ring ?of ?bypass ?holes ?in the pistons are aligned with the bypass passage each ?time ?a ?piston ?reaches ?the ?very ?end ?of ?its forward ?travel. ?This ?pumps ?a ?small ?quantity ?of fluid out of the bypass passage back to the supply reservoir ?and ?provides ?a ?constant ?changing ?of fluid in the pump. The bypass is designed to pump against a considerable back pressure for use with pressurized reservoirs
Figure 4-15.–Relationship of the universal joint in operation of the axial piston pump.
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Figure 4-17.—Fluid displacement—Stratopower pump.
rods, ?beyond ?the ?fixed ?wheel, ?and ?insert ?them ?into cylinders. ?The ?rods ?must ?be ?connected ?to ?the pistons and to the wheel by ball and socket joints. As the assembly rotates, each piston moves back and ?forth ?in ?its ?cylinder. ?Suction ?and ?discharge lines ?can ?be ?arranged ?so ?that ?liquid ?enters ?the cylinders ?while ?the ?spaces ?between ?the ?piston heads and the bases of the cylinders are increasing, and leaves the cylinders during the other half of each ?revolution ?when ?the ?pistons ?are ?moving ?in the ?opposite ?direction. The ?main ?parts ?of ?the ?pump ?are ?the ?drive shaft, pistons, cylinder block, and valve and swash plates. ?There ?are ?two ?ports ?in ?the ?valve ?plate. These ?ports ?connect ?directly ?to ?openings ?in ?the face of the cylinder block. Fluid is drawn into one port ?and ?forced ?out ?the ?other ?port ?by ?the reciprocating ?action ?of ?the ?pistons
桿必須與活塞和輪子被球窩接頭相連。由于旋轉(zhuǎn)裝配，每個(gè)活塞在它的缸體內(nèi)來(lái)回運(yùn)動(dòng)。吸入和排出的路線(xiàn)已經(jīng)計(jì)劃好，所以當(dāng)活塞頭和缸體之間的空間逐漸增大時(shí)液體進(jìn)入汽缸內(nèi)，當(dāng)活塞向反向移動(dòng)時(shí)汽缸的另一部分在旋轉(zhuǎn)。泵的主要部分包括傳動(dòng)軸，活塞，汽缸體，閥和沖洗金屬板等。它們是二對(duì)端在閥體上，這些端口直接對(duì)著汽缸體。液體被活塞的往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)使其從一端吸入從另一端口排出。同軸的變量的軸向柱塞泵—當(dāng)傳動(dòng)軸旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，它的活塞和汽缸體也一起旋轉(zhuǎn)。旋轉(zhuǎn)斜盤(pán)傾斜放置當(dāng)活塞桿，活塞，缸體，和旋轉(zhuǎn)斜盤(pán)一起旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)引起活塞在液缸體中的來(lái)回移動(dòng)。（活塞桿、氣缸體、旋轉(zhuǎn)斜盤(pán)的組合有時(shí)會(huì)涉及到由于旋轉(zhuǎn)式組合或者裝配）由于活塞在氣缸體內(nèi)的互換，液體從一端吸入從另一端排出。如圖4-13所示，活塞A在其底部。當(dāng)活塞A旋轉(zhuǎn)到活塞B的位置時(shí)，它將在它的氣缸內(nèi)繼續(xù)向上移動(dòng)，在整個(gè)行程過(guò)程中強(qiáng)迫液體從廢液排出口排出，當(dāng)其他的旋轉(zhuǎn)回到其原始位置時(shí)，活塞的行程在汽缸內(nèi)是向下的
IN-LINE ???VARIABLE-DISPLACEMENT AXIAL PISTON PUMP.— When the drive shaft is rotated, it rotates the pistons and the cylinder block with it. The swash plate placed at an angle causes the pistons to move back and forth in the cylinder ?block ?while ?the ?shaft, ?piston, ?cylinder block, ?and ?swash ?plate ?rotate ?together. ?(The ?shaft, piston, ?cylinder ?block, ?and ?swash ?plate ?together is sometimes referred to as the rotating group or assembly.) ?As ?the ?pistons ?reciprocate ?in ?the cylinder block, fluid enters one port and is forced out ?the ?other. Figure 4-13 shows piston A at the bottom of its ?stroke. ?When ?piston ?A ?has ?rotated ?to ?the position ?held ?by ?piston ?B, ?it ?will ?have ?moved upward in its cylinder, forcing fluid through the outlet port during the entire distance. During the remainder ??of ??the ??rotation ??back ??to ??it ??original position, ??the ??piston ??travels ??downward ??in ??the cylinder. This action creates a low-pressure area in ?the ?cylinder. ?The ?difference ?in ?pressure ?between the ?cylinder ?inlet ?and ?the ?reservoir ?causes ?fluid to ?flow ?into ?the ?inlet ?port ?to ?the ?cylinder. ?Since each ?one ?of ?the ?pistons ?performs ?the ?same operation in succession, fluid is constantly being taken into the cylinder bores through the inlet port and ?discharged ?from ?the ?cylinder ?bores ?into the ??system.????This ??action ??provides ??a ??steady, nonpulsating ?flow ?of ?fluid. The tilt or angle of the swash plate determines the distance the pistons move back and forth in their ?cylinders; ?thereby, ?controlling ?the ?pump output. When the swash plate is at a right angle to the shaft, ?and ?the ?pump ?is ?rotating, ?the ?pistons ?do not ??reciprocate; ??therefore, ??no ??pumping ??action takes place. When the swash plate is tilted away from ?a ?right ?angle, ?the ?pistons ?reciprocate ?and fluid ?is ?pumped. Since the displacement of this type of pump is varied by changing the angle of the tilting box, some means must be used to control the changes of this angle. Various methods are used to control this ?movement—manual, ?electric, ?pneumatic, ?or hydraulic.
這種情況在汽缸內(nèi)引起了一個(gè)低壓區(qū)域。汽缸的進(jìn)口處和儲(chǔ)層兩者間在壓力上的差異致使液體從進(jìn)口端流入汽缸。因?yàn)槊總€(gè)活塞都在連續(xù)的執(zhí)行一樣的操作，所以液體在不斷的被吸入腔膛穿過(guò)入口然后被釋放從腔膛進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)。這一動(dòng)作提供了一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的沒(méi)有規(guī)律的流動(dòng)的液體。知道旋轉(zhuǎn)斜盤(pán)的傾斜或角度能確定活塞在汽缸內(nèi)往復(fù)移動(dòng)的距離，因此，可以控制泵的排量。當(dāng)旋轉(zhuǎn)斜盤(pán)在桿的垂直位置時(shí)，泵的活塞不能進(jìn)行互換旋轉(zhuǎn)，因此不可能有抽吸動(dòng)作的發(fā)生。當(dāng)旋轉(zhuǎn)斜盤(pán)傾斜到遠(yuǎn)離直角的位置時(shí)，活塞開(kāi)始互換液體可以來(lái)回的抽取。 自從這種類(lèi)型的各種各樣的泵被角度式的擺動(dòng)箱體所替換后，必須要采取一些措施去控制這種角度式的替換。各種各樣的方法被采用去控制這種動(dòng)作—手動(dòng)的，電動(dòng)的，氣動(dòng)的或水力的。
另一種典型的軸向活塞泵，有時(shí)提到作為一種同軸的泵，通常被提到作為一種能量泵，？？？？？這種泵是可用的不論是在定排量的還變排量型式的。兩個(gè)主要的功能均能被這種定量型式的泵的內(nèi)在部分所體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。這些功能是指機(jī)械驅(qū)動(dòng)和流動(dòng)的置換。這個(gè)機(jī)械的驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)如圖4-16所示。在這種型式的泵中，活塞和滑塊不能旋轉(zhuǎn)?；钊\(yùn)動(dòng)導(dǎo)動(dòng)由每個(gè)活塞桿旋轉(zhuǎn)期間凸輪的旋轉(zhuǎn)取代每個(gè)活塞全部的凸輪傳動(dòng)所引起?；钊哪┒烁郊右粋€(gè)通過(guò)一個(gè)自由中心支點(diǎn)和變化無(wú)常的凸輪表面接觸的一個(gè)搖晃的盤(pán)支撐。當(dāng)旋轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)動(dòng)凸輪高的一側(cè)壓低一側(cè)的搖晃盤(pán)時(shí)，另一側(cè)的搖晃盤(pán)將被壓縮到同等的數(shù)量，活塞也跟著一起移動(dòng)。
STRATOPOWER PUMP.— ?Another type of axial ?piston ?pump, ?sometimes ?referred ?to ?as ?an in-line ?pump, ?is ?commonly ?referred ?to ?as ?a Stratopower ??pump. ??This ??pump ??is ??available in ?either ?the ?fixed-displacement ?type ?or ?the variable-displacement ?type. Two ?major ?functions ?are ?performed ?by ?the internal ?parts ?of ?the ?fixed-displacement ?Strato- power ??pump. ??These ??functions ??are ??mechanical drive ?and ?fluid ?displacement. The mechanical drive mechanism is shown in figure 4-16. In this type of pump, the pistons and block ?do ?not ?rotate. ?Piston ?motion ?is ?caused ?by rotating the drive cam displacing each piston the full height of the drive cam during each revolution of the shaft. The ends of the pistons are attached to a wobble plate supported by a freed center pivot and are held inconstant contact with the cam face. As ?the ?high ?side ?of ?the ?rotating ?drive ?cam depresses one side of the wobble plate, the other side ?of ?the ?wobble ?plate ?is ?withdrawn ?an ?equal amount, moving the pistons with it.
兩個(gè)爬行盤(pán)被用來(lái)減少凸輪的慢慢旋轉(zhuǎn)。一個(gè)流體排水量的示意圖如圖4-17所示。流動(dòng)被活塞的軸向運(yùn)動(dòng)所取代。當(dāng)活塞在各自的液缸體內(nèi)徑移動(dòng)時(shí)，壓力打開(kāi)止回閥，一些液體在壓力的作用下流過(guò)去。組合的后部壓力和止回閥的彈簧壓力的強(qiáng)度要接近。
The two creep plates ??are ??provided ??to ??decrease ??wear ??on ??the revolving ?cam. A ?schematic ?diagram ?of ?the ?displacement ?of fluid ?is ?shown ?in ?figure ?4-17. ?Fluid ?is ?displaced by ?axial ?motion ?of ?the ?pistons. ?As ?each ?piston advances ?in ?its ?respective ?cylinder ?block ?bore, pressure opens the check valve and a quantity of fluid ?is ?forced ?past ?it. ?Combined ?back ?pressure and ?check ?valve ?spring ?tension ?close ?the ?check Figure 4-16.—Mechanical drive—Stratopower pump. 4-14
igure 4-12.—Nine-piston radial piston pump.
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Figure 4-15.–Relationship of the universal joint in operation of the axial piston pump.
Axial Piston Pumps In ?axial ?piston ?pumps ?of ?the ?in-line ?type, where the cylinders and the drive shaft are parallel (fig. 4-13), the reciprocating motion is created by a cam plate, also known as a wobble plate, tilting plate, ?or ?swash ?plate. ?This ?plate ?lies ?in ?a ?plane that cuts across the center line of the drive shaft and ?cylinder ?barrel ?and ?does ?not ?rotate. ?In ?a fixed-displacement ?pump, ?the ?cam ?plate ?will ?be rigidly mounted in a position so that it intersects the center line of the cylinder barrel at an angle approximately ?25 ?degrees ?from ?perpendicular. Variable-delivery ?axial ?piston ?pumps ?are ?designed so that the angle that the cam plate makes with a perpendicular to the center line of the cylinder barrel may be varied from zero to 20 or 25 degrees to one or both sides. One end of each piston rod is held in contact with the cam plate as the cylinder block and piston assembly rotates with the drive shaft. This causes the pistons to reciprocate within the cyIinders. The length of the piston stroke is proportional to the angle that the cam plate is set from ??perpendicular ??to ??the ??center ??line ??of ??the cylinder ?barrel. A ??variation ??of ??axial ??piston ??pump ??is ??the bent-axis type shown in figure 4-14. This type does not have a tilting cam plate as the in-line pump does. ?Instead, ?the ?cylinder ?block ?axis ?is ?varied from ?the ?drive ?shaft ?axis. ?The ?ends ?of ?the connecting rods are retained in sockets on a disc
軸向活塞泵 軸向活塞泵是一種典型的同軸的泵，它的汽缸和傳動(dòng)軸是平行的（如圖4—13），它的往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)被一個(gè)平板形凸輪帶動(dòng)，也叫擺動(dòng)盤(pán)，傾斜盤(pán)，或旋轉(zhuǎn)斜盤(pán)。這個(gè)盤(pán)位于一個(gè)平面穿過(guò)主動(dòng)軸和汽缸筒的同一軸線(xiàn)所以不能旋轉(zhuǎn)。在定量泵中，凸輪盤(pán)必須要嚴(yán)格的安裝在合適的位置上結(jié)果它與汽缸筒的中心線(xiàn)以垂線(xiàn)方向傾斜25度的角度交叉。變量傳輸?shù)妮S向柱塞泵的設(shè)計(jì)是有意圖的所以凸輪盤(pán)與汽缸筒中心線(xiàn)的正交處角度的變化范圍在0o到20o或25o到一或兩側(cè)。每個(gè)活塞桿的末端被用來(lái)與凸輪盤(pán)相接觸因?yàn)槠左w和活塞的裝配同傳動(dòng)軸一起旋轉(zhuǎn)。這引起了活塞在汽缸內(nèi)的互換?；钊拈L(zhǎng)度是與角度成比例的這個(gè)角度是凸輪盤(pán)的位置與汽缸筒中心線(xiàn)垂直方向的角度。
一個(gè)變化的軸向柱塞泵是一個(gè)傾向軸的類(lèi)型如圖4-14。這種型式的泵沒(méi)有傾斜的凸輪盤(pán)類(lèi)似于同軸的泵。取而代之，汽缸體軸不同于傳動(dòng)軸。連桿的末端保留在圓盤(pán)上面的孔內(nèi)這樣與傳動(dòng)軸一起旋轉(zhuǎn)。氣缸體隨傳動(dòng)端一起旋轉(zhuǎn)在傳動(dòng)軸與汽缸體活塞桿的通用交叉點(diǎn)的帶動(dòng)下。為了去改變泵的排量，氣缸體和閥盤(pán)被連接好并且整個(gè)裝置是搖動(dòng)的在一對(duì)裝備樞軸的周?chē)旁诒梅可稀］S向活塞泵的動(dòng)作是由萬(wàn)向接頭或鏈接促成的。
that ?turns ?with ?the ?drive ?shaft. ?The ?cylinder ?block is turned with the drive shaft by a universal joint assembly at the intersection of the drive shaft and the cylinder block shaft. In order to vary the pump displacement, the cylinder block and valve plate are ?mounted ?in ?a ?yoke ?and ?the ?entire ?assembly is ?swung ?in ?an ?are ?around ?a ?pair ?of ?mounting pintles ?attached ?to ?the ?pump ?housing. The pumping action of the axial piston pump is ?made ?possible ?by ?a ?universal ?joint ?or ?link. Figure 4-13.—In-line axial piston pump. 4-12
Figure ?4-15 ?is ?a ?series ?of ?drawings ?that ?illustrates how the universal joint is used in the operation of ?this ?pump. First, a rocker arm is installed on a horizontal shaft. ?(See ?fig. ?4-15, ?view ?A.) ?The ?arm ?is ?joined to the shaft by a pin so that it can be swung back and forth, as indicated in view B. Next, a ring is placed around the shaft and secured to the rocker arm ?so ?the ?ring ?can ?turn ?from ?left ?to ?right ?as shown ?in ?view ?C. ?This ?provides ?two ?rotary motions in different planes at the same time and in ?varying ?proportions ?as ?may ?be ?desired. ?The rocker arm can swing back and forth in one arc, and ?the ?ring ?can ?simultaneously ?move ?from ?left to right in another arc, in a plane at right angles to ?the ?plane ?in ?which ?the ?rocker ?arm ?turns. Next, a tilting plate is added to the assembly.
圖4-15是一系列的圖那些是舉例說(shuō)明在泵的操作過(guò)程中怎樣使用萬(wàn)向接頭。首先搖桿臂被安裝在水平桿上（看圖4-15.圖片A）臂被一個(gè)銷(xiāo)釘連接在桿狀物上所以能來(lái)回的搖動(dòng)，就象圖B所示。接下來(lái)，一個(gè)環(huán)放在桿狀物的周?chē)鷣?lái)保護(hù)搖桿臂，所以環(huán)可以左右來(lái)回轉(zhuǎn)如圖C所示。這樣可以提供你可能需要的在同一時(shí)間不同位面變化比例時(shí)的兩個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)。搖桿臂能在一弧形內(nèi)來(lái)回?fù)u擺并且環(huán)能同時(shí)在另一弧形內(nèi)前后的搖擺，在平面內(nèi)以一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕嵌冗@個(gè)平面使搖桿臂旋轉(zhuǎn)。下一個(gè)在總裝中增加一個(gè)傾斜的平面。這個(gè)傾斜的平面放在桿狀物軸心傾斜的位置上，象圖4-15中圖D 描述的那樣。搖桿臂在這時(shí)傾斜的位置與傾斜盤(pán)是同一位置，所以基本上是與傾斜盤(pán)上平行的。這個(gè)環(huán)也是平行的，它與傾斜盤(pán)相接觸。環(huán)的位置與搖桿臂是有關(guān)聯(lián)的而且是無(wú)法改變的，從圖4-15C和4-15E中可知，桿體裝完以后，仍然在一水平位置，使其直角轉(zhuǎn)彎旋轉(zhuǎn)。搖桿臂仍然和傾斜盤(pán)在同一位置上而且正交于桿狀物的軸線(xiàn)。環(huán)可以在搖桿銷(xiāo)上旋轉(zhuǎn)，與搖桿臂相比它能改變自己的位置，但是他必須要保持平行，并且要與傾斜盤(pán)相接觸。圖4-15F 所示桿狀物在另一個(gè)直角拐彎處被旋轉(zhuǎn)。這些零部件處于同一位置如圖D所示，但是同搖桿臂的末端一起翻轉(zhuǎn)。環(huán)仍然承擔(dān)著反向的傾斜盤(pán)。當(dāng)桿繼續(xù)旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，伴隨各自相互關(guān)聯(lián)的變化和環(huán)總是對(duì)盤(pán)施加壓力使搖桿臂和環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)變它們的支點(diǎn)。圖4-45G 所示有一個(gè)附加輪子的裝置
The tilting plate is placed at a slant to the axis of ?the ?shaft, ?as ?depicted ?in ?figure ?4-15, ?view ?D. The rocker arm is then slanted at the same angle as the tilting plate, so that it lies parallel to the tilting ?plate. ?The ?ring ?is ?also ?parallel ?to, ?and ?in contact with, the tilting plate. The position of the ring ?in ?relation ?to ?the ?rocker ?arm ?is ?unchanged from ?that ?shown ?in ?figure ?4-15, ?view ?C. Figure 4-15, view E, shows the assembly after the shaft, still in a horizontal position, has been rotated a quarter turn. The rocker arm is still in the same position as the tilting plate and is now perpendicular ?to ?the ?axis ?of ?the ?shaft. ?The ?ring has ?turned ?on ?the ?rocker ?pins, ?so ?that ?it ?has changed its position in relation to the rocker arm, but it remains parallel to, and in contact with, the tilting plate. View F of figure 4-15 shows the assembly after the shaft has been rotated another quarter turn. The parts are now in the same position as shown in ?view ?D, ?but ?with ?the ?ends ?of ?the ?rocker ?arm reversed. The ring still bears against the tilting plate. As ?the ?shaft ?continues ?to ?rotate, ?the ?rocker arm and the ring turn about their pivots, with each changing its relation to the other and with the ring always ?bearing ?on ?the ?plate. Figure 4-15, view G, shows a wheel added to the ?assembly.
這個(gè)輪子是豎直放置并固定在軸上，所以它和軸一起旋轉(zhuǎn)。另外，兩桿A 和B ，松散的連接在傾斜的環(huán)上并伸出穿過(guò)兩個(gè)直的洞相互對(duì)立的安裝在輪子上。因?yàn)闂U是旋轉(zhuǎn)的，固定的輪一直垂直的轉(zhuǎn)向桿。傾斜的環(huán)一直隨桿一起旋轉(zhuǎn)而且一直保持傾斜的狀態(tài)，之后始終保持著與傾斜盤(pán)的接觸。提到的圖G，沿著桿A從傾斜環(huán)到固定輪的距離比沿著桿B的距離要重要的多。隨著使總裝的旋轉(zhuǎn)，然而，沿著桿A 的距離隨著把它的尖端放在傾斜環(huán)上并向固定輪附近移動(dòng)而減小，沿著桿B 時(shí)會(huì)增加。這些變換會(huì)繼續(xù)直到旋轉(zhuǎn)一半以后，在此刻桿的初始位置被翻轉(zhuǎn)。當(dāng)另一半旋轉(zhuǎn)后，兩個(gè)桿將再次回到其初始位置。當(dāng)總裝旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，桿將在固定輪子的孔內(nèi)來(lái)回的移動(dòng)。這就是軸向活塞泵的工作方式。
?The ?wheel ?is ?placed ?upright ?and fixed to the shaft, so that it rotates with the shaft. In ?addition, ?two ?rods, ?A ?and ?B, ?are ?loosely connected to the tilting ring and extend through two holes standing opposite each other in the fixed wheel. ?As ?the ?shaft ?is ?rotated, ?the ?fixed ?wheel turns perpendicular to the shaft at all times. The tilting ?ring ?rotates ?with ?the ?shaft ?and ?always remains tilted, since it remains in contact with the tilting ?plate. ?Referring ?to ?view ?G, ?the ?distance along ?rod ?A, ?from ?the ?tilting ?ring ?to ?the ?fixed wheel, is greater than the distance along rod B. As the assembly is rotated, however, the distance along rod A decreases as its point of attachment to the tilting ring moves closer to the fixed wheel, while ?the ?distance ?along ?rod ?B ?increases. ?These changes continue until after a half revolution, at which time the initial positions of the rods have been reversed. After another half revolution, the two rods will again be in their original positions. As the assembly rotates, the rods move in and out through the holes in the fixed wheel. This is the ?way ?the ?axial ?piston ?pump ?works. ?To ?get ?a pumping action, place pistons at the ends of the
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