2019-2020年高中英語基礎知識 短語的講解與訓練.doc
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2019-2020年高中英語基礎知識 短語的講解與訓練 詞組 知識要點 詞組(短語)是指由兩個以上的詞語組合而成的一個有意義的語法單位。英語詞組都是習慣用語,它相當于我們漢語的成語,不能隨意搭配。詞組是英語句子結構中重要的成分,不可忽視。詞組(短語)通常沒有主語,也沒有謂語動詞,但是每個詞組(短語)都有一定的結構和語義, 是句子中的一個重要的組成部分。 論功能,英語詞組(短語)主要可分為名詞性詞組(短語)(noun phrase)、形容詞性詞組(短語)(adjective phrase)、介詞詞組(短語)(prepositional phrase)和副詞性詞組(短語)(adverb phrase)及動詞詞組(短語)(verb phrase)五種。 疑難突破 1. 名詞性詞組 名詞性詞組(短語)和名詞功能一樣,在句子中常充當主語、賓語和賓補等。其表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種:一是名詞詞組(短語);二是動名詞詞組(短語);三是動詞不定式詞組(短語)。如: The state of Johore lies in the southern part of Malaysia.(主語) Yesterday I visited the publishing house you introduced to me.(賓語) All the members present told him to go out of the meeting room.(賓補) 第1句的the state of Johore是名詞詞組(短語),作主語;第2句的publishing house是動名詞詞組(短語),作賓語;第3句的to go out of the meeting room是動詞不定式,作賓補。 2. 形容詞性詞組 形容詞性詞組(短語)和形容詞功能一樣,在句子中常充當定語、表語等。其表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種:一是形容詞詞組(短語),如例④中的full of Chinese chestnuts;二是介詞詞組(短語),如⑤;三是現(xiàn)在分詞詞組(短語)或過去分詞詞組(短語),如例⑥-⑦; The basket full of Chinese chestnuts is made of bamboo. Bankers are people of great wealth. Have you seen the thief running for his life? The rat, chased by a cat, ran into a ditch. 3. 介詞詞組 (1)介詞詞組(短語)一般由由介詞與名詞或代詞或相當于名詞的其他詞類所構成。如: with the help of 在……幫助下 under the leadership / care of 在……領導/關心下 in the sun/sunshine 在陽光下 under the sun 在世界上 . by name 名叫 in the name of 以……名義 in the air 空中,在流傳 on the air 播出 in the way 擋路,障礙,用……方法 in a way 在某點上,在某種程度上 by the way 順便說一下 at the corner 在拐角處(外角) in the corner 在角落里(內(nèi)角) on the corner 在角落上(外角上) at the end (of) 在……結束時 behind time 遲到,過期 behind the times 落在時代后面 at no time 決不 in no time 立即,馬上 (2)介詞短語在句子中可以充當定語、狀語、表語、賓(主)語補足語、主語和承接詞語. 介詞短語的替代功能與表動功能更應賦予高度重視。如: 1)定 語 介詞短語的一個基本功能是作定語 , 通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如: The young man in a tweed suit is Marysboyfriend. 穿花呢服的年輕人是瑪麗的男朋友. (修飾the young man) What is the advantage of doing all this? 做這一切有什么好處呢? (修飾the advantage) 2)狀 語 介詞短語的另一基本功能是作狀語 , 修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。如: I gave a doll to the girl. 我送給那女孩一個玩具娃娃. (修飾動詞) Im sorry for your brother. 我真為你弟弟可惜. (修飾形容詞) He works hard for serving the people. 他勤勤懇懇為人民服務. (修飾副詞) In spite of his shortings he is a responsible man. 他盡管有缺點, 卻是一個有責任感的人. (修飾整個句子) 3)表 語 介詞短語有時可放在系詞之后作表語。如: The girl seems in high spirits today. 這女孩今天看起來情緒高昂. These people are only after fame and position. 這些人只是追名求位. 4)賓(主)語補足語 介詞短語有時可作賓語補足語和主語補足語。 如: He always considers himself in the right. 他總認為自己是正確的. (賓語補足語) The price you offered is found on the high side. 你方報價偏高. (主語補足語) 5)主 語 凡表示空間 地點距離時間等的介詞短語有時可作句子的主語。 如: Between six and seven will suit me. 六、七點之間對我合適。 Just over the bridge is where youll find the church. 橋那邊就是你會找到教堂的地方. 6)承接詞語 有些介詞短語可以承接前后文而作句子或段落的承接詞語, 這種思維承接詞(thought connectives)可以表達邏輯結果轉折強調及附加陳述比較對比順序等意義.。這些介詞短語 大多為慣用語.。如: Man has tamed the jungle but, as a result, many kinds of birds and animals have disappeared.人類征服了叢林, 可是導致許多種鳥類和野獸都絕跡了。 (邏輯結果) His behavior has not improved; on the contrary it has bee worse. 他的行為沒有改善,相反, 變得更壞了。 (轉折) 7)替代功能 介詞短語經(jīng)常能替代動詞不定式和各種從句,使語言簡潔精煉。介詞短語的這種替代簡化功能是我們在學習介詞短語運用時應該掌握的一個方面。如: In the end she decided on the green hat. 最后她決定買那頂綠顏色的帽子. (替代不定式to buy the green hat) I was afraid of hurting her feelings. 我怕傷了她的感情. (替代從句that I might hurt her feelings) No one can tell the time of his ing. 無人知道他什么時候來. (替代定語從句when he will e) With these words she left the room. 說了這些話,她就離開了房間. (替代狀語從句After she said these words) Dreams e from within, not from outside. 夢來自內(nèi)心,不是來自外界. (替代句尾附加分句they do not e from outside) 8)表動功能 有些介詞短語有著強烈的表動功能 , 起著類似于動詞的作用, 使語言言簡意賅, 風格明快, 這也是我們學習介詞短語運用時應該掌握的又一個方面. 例如: The dictionary is at press. 字典正在排印中. There is a church service in progress now. 一場宗教儀式正在進行中. We should by all means raise productivity. 我們應該想方設法提高生產(chǎn)率. Elizabeth is trying to lose weight, and she is on a diet.伊麗莎白力圖減肥,正在節(jié)食. My phone was out of order, and so I couldnt call you. 我的電話出了故障,因此無法給你打電話. 4. 副詞性詞組 副詞性詞組(短語)主要由介詞協(xié)助組成,作用和一般副詞一樣,修飾動詞,但位置靈活,可以在句前,也可以在動詞之后。例如: The naughty boy was asked to stand in front of the classroom. Dont run across the road. It is dangerous to do so. In 1989, I stayed a few months in the University of London as a visiting scholar. 在這些詞組(短語)中,由介詞引薦者既有形容詞的功能(見例①-②),又可負起副詞的使命。這樣一來,我們應如何判辨兩者的差別呢?方法簡單,就是從詞組(短語)在句中的功能著手:修飾名詞的是形容詞性的、修飾動詞的是副詞性的,如: ①a. The students in this class are very active.(起形容詞功能,作定語) b. If you like, you may study in this class. (起副詞功能,作狀語) ② a. Two boys at the back of the class are talking. (起形容詞功能,作定語) b. An unwell student has fallen asleep at the back of the class. (起副詞功能,作狀語) 5. 動詞詞組 動詞詞組(短語)由動詞及名詞、介詞或者副詞等組成。例如: (1)動詞+副詞。 1)作及物動詞。如:bring up(撫養(yǎng),教育), put away(收拾,儲存), give back(歸還), take down(取下,記下), put off(推遲) 等。 He brought up his children strictly.他對孩子的教育很嚴格。 Our teachers bring us up strictly. 老師對我們的教育很嚴。注意:從以上的例句中可以看出,在“動詞+副詞”的詞組中賓語位置有兩種情況:賓語如是名詞,則可置于副詞后面,亦可置于動詞和副詞之間。而如果賓語是代詞,只能置于動詞后面,即動詞和副詞之間。 2)作不及物動詞。如:start off(出發(fā)), move on(往前走,前進), e down(下來,降落), pass away(去世), get off(下車) 等。 Something unexpected has turned up.出現(xiàn)了令人意外的情況。(turn up=appear) His grandparents passed away two years ago. 他爺爺奶奶是兩年前去世的。 3)既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動詞。如:blow up(爆炸;炸毀);go on(發(fā)生;繼續(xù)), calm down(平靜下來;使……平靜下來), break down(出故障;毀掉)等。 The barrel of gunpowder blew up.(不及物)火藥桶爆炸了。 The soldiers blew up the bridge.(及物)士兵們把橋炸毀了。 (2)動詞+介詞。如:apply for(申請);search for(搜尋);e at (襲擊);bring about(導致);stand for (代表,象征);consist of (由……組成), care for(關心,喜歡)等。 動詞與介詞構成的詞組在詞義上相當于一個及物動詞,賓語總是在介詞后面。如: I don’t much care for television.我不很喜歡電視。(care for=like) The cat hogged himself to e at a big dog. (e at=attack) 那只貓拱起背向一條大狗發(fā)起了攻擊。 (3)動詞+副詞+介詞。如:break away from (擺脫);add up to(總計);look down on(輕視);catch up with(趕上);put up with(忍受);make up for(彌補)等。 在這類動詞短語中,動詞、副詞、介詞緊密結合,是動副詞組和動介詞組的合成體,詞義上相當于一個及物動詞。它兼有以上兩類短語動詞的特點,但賓語總是位于介詞之后。如: We must work hard to make up for lost time.我們必須努力工作來彌補失去的時間。 (make up for=pensate) I’ll have to put up with the noise till I move next week.(=bear/ stand) 我下周就要搬了,在此之前,我還是得忍受這種噪音。 (4)動詞+名詞 這類動詞短語中的常見動詞是have,take,give,make, catch, do等,后面的名詞通常是從動詞轉化而來的動作名詞,并表達了短語動詞的真正意義。如:have a seat(就座,坐下);take care(注意;小心);make a noise(吵鬧);catch cold(感冒);make progress(取得進步); do a favor(幫忙)等。 Let’s take another try.讓我們再試一下。(take a try=v.try) Let me have a seat here, will you? 讓我在這里坐坐,好嗎?(=sit down) (5)動詞+名詞+介詞。如:take care of(照顧);pay attention to(注意);pay a visit to(拜訪;參觀);have mercy on(憐憫;同情);make use of(利用)等。 這類動詞短語只用作及物動詞。名詞前可加形容詞說明程度,賓語總是位于介詞之后。如: Keep an eye on the baby while I am out.我不在家時請照看一下小孩子。 You should make good use of your study time。你應該好好利用你的學習時間。 (6)be + 形容詞(包括過去分詞作形容詞)+介詞。如:be sure of (確信);be strict with(對……嚴格要求);be satisfied with(對……滿意);be keen on(喜愛;渴望);be tired of (厭煩)等。 這類動詞短語也相當于及物動詞,賓語位于介詞后面,形容詞是短語動詞的真正詞義。如: I know he is slow at understanding,but you have to be patient with him. 我知道他理解力差,但你得對他耐心些。 Its not enough just to be keen on music. 光對音樂感興趣是不夠的。 6. 連詞詞組 (1)并列連詞詞組: both…and…既……又…… either…or…或者……或者……;要么……要么…… neither…nor…既不……也不…… not only…but (also)…不但……而且…… not…but…不是……而是…… as well as 以及……;不但……而且 (2)從屬連詞詞組: as if(though) 好像…… even if(though) 即使…… as(so) long as 只要 in case 以防萬一;免得 on condition that 如果…… in order that為了……;以便…… so that 以便……;目的是…… so/ such…that…如此……以至于…… as soon as 一……就…… the moment/ instant/ minute 一……就…… no sooner…than…一……就…… hardly/ scarcely…when…一……就…… now that=seeing that 既然;由于 provided/ providing that 假如;如果 suppose/ supposing that 如果;假如 7. 表數(shù)量的詞組 a little 一點 a lot of 很多 a kind of 一種 a set of 一套 how many/ much 多少 how old 多大 lots of 許多,大量 plenty of 許多;大量 dozens of 幾十;許多 scores of 許多;大量 quite a few 相當多;不少 quantities of 許多 a number of 若干;一些 the number of ……的數(shù)量 a great deal of 許多;大量 a good/ great many 許多;大量 hundreds of 數(shù)以百計的 thousands of 數(shù)以千計的 tens of thousands of 成千上萬的 millions of 上百萬的 billions of 數(shù)以億計的 all sorts/ kinds of 各種各樣的 注意:高考熱點詞組100個左右。 高頻分析:詞組是構成英語語言的基本要素;在高考試題中,有些詞組所出現(xiàn)的頻率很高。 我們隨意抽查近幾年各省的40份高考英語試卷,進行統(tǒng)計分析;發(fā)現(xiàn)以下100個詞組是高考高頻詞組: 1. be about to do 即將做 2.by accident /by chance偶然 3. in detail 詳細地 4.account for 解釋,說明 5. on account of/ because of 因為,由于 6. e up with 提出,提供 7.take ... into account 考慮 8. in addition to 除……之外 9.in addition另外 10. add up to 合計達 11.in advance 事先,在前,預先 12.have an advantage 勝過,,優(yōu)于 13. take advantage of 乘……之機,利用 14. make use of利用 15. in mon 共用,共有 16.ahead of 在……前面,先于 17.in the air 在流行中,在傳播中 18. above all 首先,尤其 19.after all 畢竟,雖然這樣 20. at all 完全 21. all but 決不 22. all out 全力以赴,竭盡全力. 23. in all 總共,合計 24.allow for 考慮到 25.leave alone/ let alone 聽其自然,不要去管,更不用說 26. one after another 一個接一個 27. one another 互相 28.approve of 贊成,同意 29. die out 消失,滅絕 30.as for/ as to 至于 31.as if / as though 好像,仿佛 32.aside from 除……之外(尚有) =apart from 33. make a/the difference 有影響,很重要 34.ask for 請求,要求 35.attached to 系,貼,連接;附屬;依戀 36. pay attention to 注意 37. on (the/an) average 平均,一般說來 38 right away 立刻,馬上 39.before long不久 40.in general 一般說來 41.catch fire著火 42.burn down 燒毀 43. based on 以……為基礎 44. e to 蘇醒,復蘇 45. begin with 首先,第一點 =in the first place 46.on behalf of 代表,為了 47. in danger 在危險中,垂危 48. die down 漸漸消失,平息 49.get the best of 戰(zhàn)勝;從中得到最大益處 50.make the best of 充分利用,妥善處理 51. do/ try ones best 盡力,努力 52. e true 實現(xiàn),達到 53. deal with 與...交易;處理;論述,涉及 54.had better 最好還是,應該 55.on board 在船(飛機)上 56. e up to 等于,比得上,達到,及于 57. break away (from) 脫離,逃跑 58.break down 損壞;分;解,瓦解 59.break in 強行進入,闖入 60. break into 闖入; 突然發(fā)生,突然開始;突然改變步法;侵占;打開并提取緊急之物 61.break off 中斷,中止 62.break out 突然發(fā)生,爆發(fā);逃跑 63.break through 突破;克服,征服,壓倒 64.break up 破碎,拆散,瓦解;.終止;婚姻關系結束;身體衰弱,變?nèi)? 65.catch ones breath 歇口氣;屏息 66.out of breath 喘不過氣來;上氣不接下氣 67.in brief 簡單地說,簡而言之 68.bring about 導致,帶來,招致 69. bring down 打倒,降低 70.bring forth 提出 71. bring forward 提出,提議 72.bring out 使出現(xiàn)/顯明;闡釋,文明;公布,出版;幫助消除害羞心理或沉默寡言態(tài)度 73.bring to 使恢復知覺 74.bring up 撫養(yǎng),培養(yǎng) 75. build up 建立 76. take charge of 開始管理,接管 77.burn out 燒掉 78.burn up 燒盡 79.on business 因公,因事 80. but for 除……之外,倘沒有,要不是 81.by and by 不久以后,將來 82.call for 邀約,要求,需要 83.call forth 引起,招致;鼓起,振作起 84.remind sb of sth 使人想起某事 85. call on/upon 訪問,拜訪,號召,呼吁 86.call up 使人想起;召集,動員;打電話 87.care (nothing) about 關心/對...漠不關心 88.care for 照管,關心;喜歡,意欲 89. take care 當心,注意 =be careful 90. take care of 照顧,照料 91.carry off 拿走,奪走 92.carry on 繼續(xù),堅持下去;從事,經(jīng)營 93. carry out 執(zhí)行,貫徹 94.in any case 無論如何,總之 95.in case 假如,以防萬一 96.in case of 假如,如果發(fā)生;防備 97. in no case 無論如何不,決不 98. in charge (of) 負責,主管 99.catch up with 追上,趕上 100. take a chance 冒險一試 即學即練 1.More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ______ space. A. in search of B. in place of C. for lack of D. for fear of 2. In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled ______ the local market. A. longer than B. more than C. as much as D. as far as 3.No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone ______you wishing they were that high. A. getting rid of B. getting along with C. Looking up to D. looking down upon 4.We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and _____, dogs give us their all. A in all B in fact C in short D in return 5.It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ______ favors to them. A. in preference to B. in place of C. in agreement with D. in exchange for 6.I _can _____ the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean. A. e up with B.put up with C. turn to D.stick to 7.She ______ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store. A.turned down B.dealt with C.took after D.came across 8. In the Shopping Day, _____people rushed into the shops and caused the traffic jam. A.thousand of B.tens of thousands of C.million of D.three millions 直擊高考 1.(xx遼寧卷32)Briggs will _______ as general manager when Mitchell retires. A. get away B. take over C. set off D. run out 2.(xx陜西卷25)My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking, but at least h e has_______. A. cut out B. cut down C. cut up D. cut off 3.(xx天津卷8) I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I wasn’t able to A. get away B. drop in C. check out D. hold on 4.(xx新課標II卷2)Would you like to_____ with us to the film tonight? A. e along B. e off C. e across D. e through 5.(xx 新課標I卷30) At the last moment, Tom decided to_____ a new character to make the story seem more likely. A. put up B. put in C. put on D. put off 6.(xx浙江卷17)Bears ______ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enoug h to last them through their winter sleep. A. pack up B. build up C. bring up D. take up 7.(xx安徽卷26) Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselv es before they______on their life journey. A. give up B. settle down C. get through D. set off 8.(xx湖北卷30)Check carrots,potatoes,onions and any other vegetables ________ and immediately use or throw away any which show signs of rotting. A.in demand B.in store C.on loan D.on sale 9.(xx江西卷25)Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence.________,it could just put you in debt. A.In other words B.All in all C.As a result D.On the other hand 10.(xx天津卷6)________ the school,the village has a clinic,which was also built with government support. A.In reply to B.In addition to C.In charge of D.In place of 11.(xx福建卷22)Our club is open to everyone ________ age,sex or educational background. A.due to B.except for C.along with D.regardless of 12.(xx浙江卷18)There’s no reason to be disappointed.________,this could be rather amusing. A.Above all B.As a result C.In addition D.As a matter of fact 13.(xx 浙江卷10)While staying in the village,James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything ________. A.in return B.in mon C.in turn D.in place 14.(xx江蘇卷24)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay ________. A.in place B.in order C.in shape D.in fashion 15.(xx湖北卷30)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ________a long lost antique Greek vase. A.at random B.by chance C.in turn D.on occasion 16.(xx陜西卷24).The manager wants to see changes in the pany,and I am sure he will ______. A.in particular B.in turn C.in charge D.in time 17.(xx福建卷29)Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess,as her children are always _____ whenever she tries to. A.in the way B.on watch C.in sight D.on the line 18.(xx遼寧卷25) ______ everyone here,I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. A.By means of B.On behalf of C.In search of D.For fear of 19.(xx浙江卷14)It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner._______,I’ll set the table. A.As a result B.On the whole C.In the meanwhile D.As a matter of fact 20.(xx江蘇卷26)I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you. the party on July 1st,I shall be pleased to attend. A.On account of B.In response to C.In view of D.With regard to 21.(xx湖北卷25) The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks ____ in the garden of a traditional home. A. out of question B. out of order C. out of sight D. out of place 22.(xx 江西卷34) He seems to be giving the impression that he didn’t enjoy himself in Paris. ____, he had a wonderful time. A. Above all B. What’s more C. As a result D. On the contrary 詞組 即學即練 1. C。短語辨析。A. 尋找 B. 代替; C. 因缺乏 D. 生怕,以免。句子的完整意思應該是:大城市建起越來越多的高樓大廈,因為缺乏空間。故C合題意。 2. D。本題考查介詞詞組。句意:在古代,根據(jù)動詞travel可判斷此處應填關于路程的介詞詞組,本題即為as far as。as far as遠到……。 3. C。本題考查動詞短語辨析。句意:你無論認為自己怎樣低下,總希望有個高尚的人來尊敬你。getting rid of擺脫;去除; getting along with與……相處;進展;looking up to尊敬;敬仰; looking down upon看不起;輕視。據(jù)語境答案選C。 4. D。句意:我們給予狗時間,空間和能給予的愛;作為回報,狗給予了我們它們的一切??疾靑n的詞組。in all 共計 in fact實際上 in short 簡而言之 in return 以作為回報。據(jù)句意答案選D。 5. D。詞組辨析。句意:對于公共官員來說是非法的,如果他向人們索要禮物或錢財作為幫助人的交換條件的話。先理解短語的意思. in preference to(優(yōu)先于);in place of(代替);in agreement with(同意,與……一致);in exchange for(交換)。其實辨析這幾個介詞短語的難度不大,只需要認識每一個短語中的核心詞preference, exchange, place, agreement的意思即可,猜測較為容易。 6. B??疾槎陶Z動詞的辨析。句意:房子里東西凌亂我能忍,但是我討厭臟。e up with想出, 提出;put up with 忍受, 容忍;turn to轉向,翻書到,求助于,(使)變成;stick to堅持,緊跟,粘住,忠于;不整潔的;凌亂的。 7. D。考查詞組的辨析。句意:昨天在百貨商店購物時,她遇上了她的老朋友。turn down拒絕;deal with對付,處理;take after 長得像,性格類似于,效仿;e across穿過, 越過,偶然遇見。據(jù)語境選D。 8. B??疾毂磉_數(shù)量的短語。句意:購物節(jié)的那天,成千上萬的人涌進商店;引起了交通阻塞。A. thousands of 數(shù)以千計的;tens of thousands of 成千上萬的;millions of 上百萬的;three million三千;只有B是正確搭配。 直擊高考 1. B。本題考查動詞短語辨析。句意:當米切爾退休時布里格斯將接任總經(jīng) 理職務。A. get away逃跑B. take over接管,接任 C. set o ff引發(fā)D. run out用光,耗盡。根據(jù)句意,選擇B。 2. B。本題考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意:我叔叔一直沒能夠戒煙,但至少他減量了。四個短語的意思分別是“切斷,刪除”;“削減,砍倒”;“切碎,譴責”;“切掉,刪去”;根據(jù)句意:雖然沒有戒煙,但至少是減量了。應該用cut down。 3. A。本題考查動詞短語辨析。句意:我今年原打算度假的,但是我實在抽不出身來。A get away離開,逃掉,抽身;B drop in順便拜訪;C check out退房結帳,檢驗,通過考核;D項hold out伸出,拿出,呈現(xiàn),抵抗。 4. A。本題考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意:今晚想跟我們一起去看電影嗎?e along 一起,一道,符合句意,為正確答案;其他三個選項的意思分別是“離開,實現(xiàn)”,“偶然碰到;被理解”,“經(jīng)歷,安然度過”,均與句意不符,排除。 5. B。本題考查動詞短語辨析。句意:在最后一刻,湯姆決定添加一個新角色來使故事顯得更加真實。put … up舉起……;張貼……;put … in 使……加入;適……進入;put … on 穿上……;上演……;put … off 推遲……。題干中的more likely提示, 湯姆決定“添加”一個角色,故最佳答案是B。 6. B。考查動詞短語辨析。句意:熊在整個夏天到秋天積累脂肪,為了在冬天度過冬眠期。 pack up整理;把…打包,bring up提出;教育;養(yǎng)育;嘔出;take up拿起;開始從事;占據(jù)(時間,地方),build up逐漸積聚,集結;逐步建立;增進,增強。在本句中build up fat stores表示積累脂肪儲存。 7. D。本題考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意:習慣上,大學生舉行畢業(yè)典禮是為了在他們開始自己的生活旅程之前鼓勵自己。A,B,C三個選項的意思分別是“放棄”,“安下心來,定居”,“通過,做完”,均不符合句意,排除。set off on“開始……”合語境。 8. B。本題結合介詞短語意義辨析考查語境選詞。句意:查看一下儲存的(in store)胡蘿卜、土豆、洋蔥和其他所有蔬菜,然后把任何有腐爛跡象的都立即用掉或扔掉。in demand非常需要的,受歡迎的;on loan借出的,借來的;on sale廉價出售的。據(jù)句意選B。 9. D。本題考查介詞短語辨析。句意:開始你自己的事業(yè)可能是一種獲得經(jīng)濟獨立的方法。另一方面,它可能將你置于債務之中。由前句中的“是一種獲得經(jīng)濟獨立的方法”與后句中的“可能將你置于債務之中”可判斷此處用表示轉折關系的on the other hand(另一方面)。in other words換句話說;all in all總之;as a result結果。 10. B。本題考查介詞短語意義辨析。句意:除了學校,村莊里還有一個診所,該診所也是在政府的資助下建起來的。in reply to 作為對……的答復;in addition to 除……之外(還);in charge of 負責,掌管;in place of代替,取代。根據(jù)句中的關鍵詞also可知除了學校外(in addition to the school),村莊里還……,所以選擇B項。 11. D。本題考查語境選詞。句意:我們的俱樂部對任何人開放,無論什么年齡、性別或教育背景。due to“因為,由于”,后接原因;except for除……之外;along with和……一起;regardless of不管,不顧,不考慮。根據(jù)句中的關鍵詞open to everyone可知,俱樂部是對所有人開放,因此是不管/不考慮(regardless of)年齡、性別或教育背景。答案選D。 12. D。本題結合介詞短語意義辨析考查語意邏輯關系。句意:你沒有理由失望。事實上,這可能會非常有趣。above all最重要的是;as a result結果;in addition況且,除此之外;as a matter of fact=in fact事實上,實際上。由disappointed 和amusing兩詞的對比可知,as a matter of fact符合兩句之間的邏輯關系。答案選D。 13. A。本題考查“in+名詞”構成的介詞短語意義辨析。句意:在村子里待的那段時間,詹姆斯無私地同村民分享他所擁有的一切,而不要任何東西回報。in return作為回報;in mon共有,共用;in turn相應地,輪流地,反過來,轉而;in place在恰當?shù)奈恢?。由關鍵信息unselfishly shared和without asking for anything可知,此處表示“不要任何東西作為回報(in return)”。 14. C。本題結合in+n.構成的介詞短語意義辨析考查語境選詞。句意:湯姆總是在早晨慢跑,他通常也做俯臥撐來保持________。in place在適當?shù)奈恢?,在正確的位置,適當?shù)?,恰當?shù)模籭n order整齊,秩序井然;in shape健康狀況良好;in fashion流行。根據(jù)題干中的goes jogging(慢跑)和does push-ups(做俯臥撐)可知,是為了保持健康(stay in shape)。據(jù)語境選C。 15. B??疾槎陶Z辨析。句意:最近,一名畫家坐輪渡到南島,意外發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個失蹤很久的古希臘花瓶。at random隨意地;by chance偶然;in turn輪流,依次;on occasion有時,間或。這里表示坐輪渡的時候偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了古董,因此選B項。 16. D??疾槎陶Z辨析。in particular尤其;in turn輪流;in charge負責;而in time 則有“及時;遲早”的意思。從前面的I am sure可知說話者確信經(jīng)理遲早會看到公司的變化的,所以該題要用in time。題干的意思是:經(jīng)理希望看到公司的變化,我確信他遲早會看到的。 17. A??疾榻樵~短語。本題的意思是:史密斯太太發(fā)現(xiàn)她很難收拾這一片狼藉,因為每當她試圖收拾時,她的孩子們總是妨礙她。首先了解四個選項的漢語意思。in the way表示“擋道,妨礙”;on watch值班,監(jiān)視;in sight看得見;on- 配套講稿:
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