2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 連詞的講解與訓(xùn)練.doc

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2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 連詞的講解與訓(xùn)練 連詞 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 連詞是一種虛詞，用于連接單詞、短語(yǔ)、從句或句子，在句子中不單獨(dú)用作句子成分。連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。并列連詞是連接主語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)，句子與句子，分詞與分詞的詞等，它要求前后兩部分有相同的形式和語(yǔ)法作用；而從屬連詞一般連接主句與從句，從句形式有名詞性從句，定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。 種類 作用 舉例 并 列 連 詞 用來(lái)連接詞與詞、詞組與詞組、分句與分句 and（和），as well as（既…又），both … and（不但…而且），not only … but also（不但…而且），not … but（不是…而是），neither … nor（既不…也不），either … or（不是…就是），or（或者），but （但是），yet（然而），for（因?yàn)椋?，so（所以），while（而），when（這時(shí)）等。如：Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy（暗沉沉的）. 從 屬 連 詞 在復(fù)合句中引導(dǎo)從句 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的：after, before, when, as, while, since, until, as soon as 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的：because, since, as, in that 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的：although, though, as, no matter…, even if (though) 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的：if, unless, once, so (as) long as, on condition that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的：so … that …, such … that … 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的：so that …, in order that … 引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的：as … as …, not so (as) … as …, … than … 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的：as if …,as though… 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（即主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)從句）的連詞主要有：who,whose, when, how, where, why, that, whether, if等。 疑難突破 某些用法比較特殊的從屬連詞用法區(qū)別： once作副詞譯“曾經(jīng)”，作為連詞譯“一旦”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句 相當(dāng)于if的加強(qiáng)形式。例如： I dont believe he was once a thief. (once是副詞) Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. (once是連詞) till, until作為介詞式從屬連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句 用于否定句時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為not …until (till)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞延續(xù)與非延續(xù)皆可，意為“直到……才……”。用于肯定句時(shí)，只與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，表示“到……為止”。如：They played volleyball until (till) it got dark./ They didnt talk（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）until (till) the interpreter（譯員）came./ He didnt go to bed（非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）until (till) the his father came back.；until可以放在句首，till則不行，如：Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing./ Not until he finished his work did he go home.（倒裝）；till, until只用于時(shí)間，以下句子是錯(cuò)誤的：We walked till the edge of the forest.（要用as far as或to）。 as作從屬連詞可引導(dǎo)多種狀語(yǔ)從句 ①as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”。如：As (he was) a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked. ②as引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“象……一樣”。如：We must do as the Party teaches us.　 ③as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。意為“由于”，如：As you are tired, you had better have a rest.　 ④as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。意為“雖然”、“盡管”。如：Child as he is, he can do it well. ( = Although he is a child, he can do it well.) 另外，as做為關(guān)系代詞還可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，如：I have the same book as you. because, since, as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)注意使用上的區(qū)別. ①如果原因構(gòu)成句子的最主要部分,一般用because ,因此because引導(dǎo)的從句往往放在句末。用why提問(wèn)的句子，一定用because回答。如：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.； ②如原因已為人們所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as，或 since。since比as更正式些。as和since引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句子的開頭。如：As you are tired, you had better rest./ Since everyone is here, now lets begin. although和though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句往往用法一樣，但注意以下區(qū)別 ①although用于各種文體，而though則多用于非正式的口語(yǔ)或書面語(yǔ)中。注意由although, though引導(dǎo)的從句后，主句不能用but，但可用副詞yet, still。如：Although/ Though it rained all the morning, they still went on working.（或yet they went on working） ②though常與even連用，even though表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，意為"即使"，但不能說(shuō)even although，例如：Even though I didnt understand a word, I kept smiling. ③though可用作副詞，意為"然而"，常用逗號(hào)與句子分開。although則不能這樣使用，它只作連詞。例如：It was a quiet party, I had a good time, though. 當(dāng)while, when, as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別 ①while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)性。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為進(jìn)行時(shí)，或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般時(shí)。while 的這些用法可用when代替，等于 "at the time that", "during the time that"。如：Please keep quiet while (when) others are studying； ② when除可指一段時(shí)間外，還可用來(lái)指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，等于 "at the time"，也就是說(shuō)when引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是終止性的，也可以延續(xù)性的。因此主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)可以是一般時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)或完成時(shí)。如：When I went into the room, he was writing an article.（when不能換成while）He often makes mistakes when he is learning Chinese“gongfu”.（when可換成while） ③as?？膳cwhen，while通用，但強(qiáng)調(diào)"一邊、一邊"。例如：As (when, while) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of number 37. ④when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，主、謂是"主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞"結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，這時(shí)主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞可以省略。例如：When (he was) young, he worked for a rich man./ Shell be here to give you help when (if it is) necessary. ⑤when有時(shí)代替if，引導(dǎo)條件句，意為"如果"、"假如"，例如：Ill e when (if) Im free. unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句 等于if … not …。例如：Hell accept the job unless the salary is too low. ( = Hell accept the job if the salary is not too low.) 在用as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句及表語(yǔ)從句中，根據(jù)情況要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 例如：He talks as if he knew all about it. 但有時(shí)也可用直陳語(yǔ)氣。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain. whether, if引導(dǎo)從句的用法區(qū)別 ①引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用whether，不用if。例如：Whether they will go to the Great Wall is not known./ The question is whether we can finish the task on time./ The question whether we will take part in the physics contest has not been decided. ②whether可接不定式，而if則不可。例如：I havent decided whether to leave or not. ③whether可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)或置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，而if則不可。例如：Everything depends on whether we have enough money./ Whether he will e, I am not sure. ④whether和 if均可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句， whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句一般都是肯定句，if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可以是肯定的，也可以是否定的（此時(shí)不能用whether），例如：Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia?/ I wonder if it doesnt rain. ⑤引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的whether和if常可與or not連用。連用時(shí)要注意or not的位置，它一般與 whether、if分開使用，有時(shí)它可與whether合起來(lái)使用，但不能與if合起來(lái)使用。例如：I dont know whether/ if they will e or not./ I dont know whether or not they will e.　 ⑥if可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，譯"如果"，whether則不行。例如：If you work hard, you are sure to succeed. before作連詞一般表示時(shí)間，意為"在……之前"，但有些句子中這樣譯就顯得別扭 試看以下句子的翻譯：He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他幾乎把我撞倒才看見我；Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及插話，他已經(jīng)給我量好了尺寸。 注意：命題熱點(diǎn)在于句子銜接。即在詞與詞、句與句之間使用并列或從屬連詞。尤其是一個(gè)連詞的多種用法的準(zhǔn)確把握和引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)的靈活運(yùn)用。 即學(xué)即練 1. – I wonder how much you charge for your services. – The first two are free the third costs $30. A. while B. until C. when D. before 2.John plays basketball well, ___his favorite sport is badminton. A. so B. or C. yet D. for 3. You may use the room as you like ___ you clean it up afterwards. A. so far as B. so long as C. in case D. even if 4. At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see___ it got any better. A. when B. how C. why D. if 5. ______ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him. A. Although B. As long as C. If only D. As soon as 6. – shall we have our picnic tomorrow? –______it doesn’t rain. A. Until B. While C. Once D. If 7.Owen wouldn’t eat anything ____________ he cooked it himself. A. until B. since C. unless D. while 8.The medicine works more effectively ______ you drink some hot water after taking it. A. as B. until C. although D. if 連詞 即學(xué)即練 1.A。while表示轉(zhuǎn)折（含前后對(duì)比）。 2.C。考查并列句。前半句是說(shuō)約翰籃球打得很好，后半句是說(shuō)約翰最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是羽毛球。前后兩句是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。Yet可以是副詞也可以是轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，yet作連詞的時(shí)候表示“可是”。因此選C. yet。整句的意思為，約翰籃球打得很好，但是他最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是羽毛球。So表示結(jié)果，or表示選擇，for表示原因。 3.B?？疾闂l件狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。前半句是說(shuō)你可以任意使用這個(gè)房間，后半句時(shí)說(shuō)以后你把房間打掃干凈，把房間打掃干凈是任意使用這個(gè)房間的條件。能夠引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有so long as和in case. So long as=as long as, 表示“只要”，強(qiáng)調(diào)必要條件；in case表示“萬(wàn)一”，強(qiáng)調(diào)可能性極小的假設(shè)，一般指不希望出現(xiàn)的事。根據(jù)句意我們應(yīng)該選B. so long as. So far as 等于as far as表示“一直到…(程度)”，例如I will help you so far as I can.我將竭盡全力來(lái)幫你。Even if表示即使，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 4.D?？疾橘e語(yǔ)從句（引導(dǎo)詞if）。句意：最初他不喜歡這件新工作，但是他決定給自己幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間來(lái)看一下這件工作是否會(huì)變得更好。D.if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作see的賓語(yǔ)，意為“是否”。 5.A?？疾閺膶龠B詞的用法。根據(jù)句意“因?yàn)闆](méi)有確切的證據(jù)；雖然警察認(rèn)為她是最有可能的一個(gè)人，但是不能逮捕他”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。故選A。 6.D。 交際用語(yǔ)，意思是：如果明天不下雨的話。引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句用if。 7.C。句意：如果不是他親自做的食物他就不吃任何東西。 Unless“如果不”合句意。 8.D。句意：如果你吃藥后喝熱水藥會(huì)更有效。if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。