2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 單元知識匯總 Book 8 Unit 22 Environmental Protection 北師大版.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 單元知識匯總 Book 8 Unit 22 Environmental Protection 北師大版 重點(diǎn)識記詞匯 1.principle n.原則，道德準(zhǔn)則 2.a number of一些 3.look ahead展望未來 4.relevant adj.有關(guān)的 5.refer v.指，意即→refer to指，意即 6.in turn依次；輪流 7.lead to導(dǎo)致；通向；引起 8.coincidence n.巧合 9.sacrifice vt.&vi.犧牲；獻(xiàn)出 10.take action采取行動 11.recycle vt.回收利用 12.threaten vt.威脅 13.ahead of在……前面 14.apart from除……以外 15.answer for(對已產(chǎn)生的不良后果)負(fù)責(zé)任 16.seize vt.依法沒收；(用武力)奪取 17.call for an end to sth.要求結(jié)束…… 18.or else否則，不然 19.wrap up包起來；席卷而去；結(jié)束 20.calculate vt.計(jì)算，算出 21.condemn vt.迫使(某人)陷入不幸的境地；譴責(zé) 22.for good永遠(yuǎn) 23.behalf n.代表→on one’s behalf代表某人；代表 24.carry off掠走，奪走 25.all in all總的來說 26.result in導(dǎo)致 27.means n.方法 28.earn one’s living謀生 29.potential n.可能性；潛在性 30.plug one’s ears塞住耳朵 31.reserve n.保護(hù)區(qū)；v.保護(hù)→reservation n.保護(hù) 32.adopt vt.采用 33.advocate vt.主張，提倡→advocation n.提倡 34.all the best祝一切順利 35.changeable adj.多變的→change v.&n.變；改變 36.sum up總結(jié)，概括 37.construct vt.建造→construction n.建造 38.as a matter of fact實(shí)際上 39.finance n.資金→financial adj.財(cái)務(wù)的，金融的 40.sharpen vt.削尖→sharp adj.尖的 41.trap vt.使困?。籲.陷阱，夾子→trap...into...陷入；卷入 42.separation n.分離，分開→separate adj.分開的；v.分離，分開 43.beyond prep.超出→beyond one’s control超出/不受……的控制 44.substitute n.代替品，代用品；v.替代→substitute...for...代替 45.break away from擺脫，脫離 (某種思想體系、團(tuán)體、組織) 46.considerate adj.想得周到的，體貼的→consider vt.考慮→consideration n.考慮 必背經(jīng)典句式 1.Without these naturally occurring gases，the sun’s rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on. 如果沒有這些自然產(chǎn)生的氣體，太陽光將會被反射回太空去，地球?qū)⑻幱诤渲?，不適合生命的存在。 2.Given this data，it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence. 鑒于這些數(shù)據(jù)，好像人類活動與正在升高的地球溫度之間的聯(lián)系并不僅僅只是巧合而已。 3.The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale，and experts are predicting far worse to e. 近幾年一些環(huán)境災(zāi)難大面積地出現(xiàn)，專家們預(yù)測更壞的局面即將來臨。 構(gòu)詞記憶 　accuracy /′kj?r?sI/n.[U]準(zhǔn)確性/度；精密(性) efficiency /I′fI?nsI/n.[U]效率；功效 emergency /I′m??d??nsI/n.[C]&[U]緊急情況；突發(fā)事件；非常時(shí)刻 frequency /′frI?kw?nsI/n.[C]&[U]出現(xiàn)率；發(fā)生率；頻繁；頻率 privacy /′praIv?sI/n.[U]隱私；私密 tendency /′tend?nsI/n.[C]趨向；趨勢 Ⅰ.詞匯與派生 A．語境填詞 1．It was such a coincidence(巧合) when Pat and Mike met each other in Macao. 2．After going to France he soon adopted(采用) the French way of life. 3．In this case，we should not be worried about our potential(潛在的) limitations. 4．They often use plastics as a substitute(替代品) for wood. 5．She seized(抓住) the child and pulled him back from the edge of the cliff. 6．The old man threatened(威脅) that he would make it public. 7．It was considerate(善解人意) of you not to play the piano while I was asleep. 8．The action has been widely condemned(譴責(zé)) by human rights groups. 9．The old man was trapped(困在) in the burning house at that moment. 10．I won’t sacrifice(犧牲) my family life for wealth. B．用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 11．This afternoon I will call the restaurant and make a reservation(reserve)． 12．Many experts advocate (advocacy) rewarding your child for good behavior. 13．We don’t have enough finance (financial) to build another house. 14．Her moods are as changeable (change) as the weather. 15．A new building is being constructed (construction) now. Ⅱ.短語運(yùn)用 A．用方框內(nèi)所給動詞短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 look ahead，earn one’s living，refer to，wipe out，take action，answer for，substitute...for..., trap...into...，result in，sum up，lead to，wrap up 16．The police took action to deal with the riots(騷亂) immediately. 17．It was foolish of him to refer to his notes during that important test，and as a result，he got punished. 18．The murderer will have to answer for his crimes one day. 19．The young man made a promise to his parents that he would try to earn his living after graduation. 20．We substituted red balls for blue ones，to see if the baby would notice. 21．Drinking too much can lead to health problems. 22．He trapped me into admitting that I had done it. 23．When we design this plan，we should look ahead into the future. 24．Make sure the inside of the coffee pot is thoroughly wiped out. 25．In Beijing，one has to be wrapped up by warm clothes in winter. 26．This action will only result in a more disastrous defeat for them. 27．Can I just sum up what we’ve agreed so far? B．用方框內(nèi)所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 in turn，a number of，all in all，at risk，beyond...control，apart from，by this means, to some degree 28.All in all，her condition is greatly improved. 29．Language is the carrier of culture and in turn it’s influenced by culture. 30．Apart from making money，the pany aims to set high standards of quality and design. 31．By this means you will solve the problem soon. 32．But one major change was beyond the museum’s control. 33．A number of students in my class like English songs. 34．The disease is spreading，and all young children are at risk. 35．Your plan is good，but to some degree，it is not perfect. Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式 36．He left the room leaving the door unlocked. 他沒有鎖門就離開了房間。 37．Given the present condition，I think Ye Shiwei has done fairly well. 考慮到目前的情況， 我認(rèn)為葉世偉已經(jīng)做的相當(dāng)好。 38．The last 30 years have witnessed/seen the rapid development of China. 過去30年見證了中國的快速發(fā)展。 1 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　非謂語動詞句法功能的考查 set/lay a trap for設(shè)下圈套 be caught in a trap＝fall into a trap落入陷阱 be trapped in 被困在…… trap sb.into doing...誘騙某人做…… She had set/laid a trap for him and he had walked straight into it. 她給他設(shè)下圈套，他就徑直鉆了進(jìn)去。 She was trapped in the burning house at that moment. 那時(shí)她被困在燃燒著的房子里。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] 語法填空 (1)Were you just trying to trap her into making a mistaken decision? (2)Her mother Donna，was trapped(trap) in the destroyed building. (3)Mary set a trap for Peter and he really fell into the trap. (4)Trapped(trap) in a traffic jam，he had to be patient，waiting. 2 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　作為高級詞匯替換book reserve sth.for...為……保留某物 reserve the right to do sth.保留做某事的權(quán)利 in reserve備用 with/without reserve有(沒有)保留地 reservation n.預(yù)訂；(權(quán)利等的)保留 make a reservation預(yù)訂，預(yù)約 Firstly，an effective way，I think，is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use. 首先，我認(rèn)為一個(gè)有效的方法就是用科學(xué)的方法把水貯存起來以備將來使用。(福建書面表達(dá)) Do you have to reserve tickets in advance? 你需要提前訂票嗎？ [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] 語法填空 (1)Frankly speaking，I have little money in reserve. (2)She told me all about it without reserve. (3)I’d like to reserve a table for three or eight o’clock. (4)He went directly to the reserved(reserve) seat. 3 beyond sb.為某人所不能理解；超出某人的能力 beyond control/belief/doubt無法控制/無法相信/毫無疑問 beyond description/words無法言傳 beyond one’s wildest dream(s)某人做夢也沒想到 beyond one’s power是某人所不及的 beyond pare無可比擬；非常好 beyond reason毫無道理 Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged. 任何司機(jī)被發(fā)現(xiàn)醉酒駕駛將被罰款。 It’s beyond me why she wants to marry Jeff. 我無法理解她為什么要嫁給杰夫。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] 選詞填空 prehension，reach，expression，control，recognition (1)The car was beyond control and ran into a tree. (2)I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond recognition. (3)His behaviour was pletely beyond prehension. (4)You’d better put the bottle of medicine beyond the children’s reach. (5)To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me. 4 make a claim for/on/to要求…… claim to do...聲稱做…… claim one’s attention值得注意 He claimed that it was all a trick against him. 他聲稱這一切都是一場針對他的詭計(jì)。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] (1)語法填空 ①The scientist claimed to have invented(invent) a new kind of car. ②The victims in the accident made a claim for damages. (2)She claims that she is related to the Queen. She claims to be related to the Queen.(用含有不定式的簡單句改寫句子) 5 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　作為高級詞匯替換replace a substitute for...……的代替者 substitute A for B＝substitute B with/by A 用A代替B substitute for代替；取代 They were substituting violence for dialogue. 他們在用暴力取代對話。 She is seeking a substitute for the very man whose departure made her cry. 那個(gè)男人的離去令她傷心痛哭，她正在找一個(gè)人填補(bǔ)內(nèi)心的空缺。 [詞義辨析]　substitute，replace (1)這兩個(gè)詞的含義略有不同，substitute強(qiáng)調(diào)“代替，頂替”，而replace強(qiáng)調(diào)“替換，更換”，即把舊的或壞的東西更換成新的(通常用take the place of更通俗些)。 (2)在句型結(jié)構(gòu)上，通常是：substitute A for B “用A代替B”(使用A)；replace A with/by B “用B替換A”(使用B)。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] (1)用substitute，replace的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①The driver replaced the wornout tires with/by new ones. ②He substituted for the teacher who was in hospital. (2)語法填空 ①For sustainable development，I advocate we should substitute conventional energy with renewable energy. ②There’s no substitute for that watch. 6 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　(1)by no means位于句首時(shí)倒裝 (2)by all means交際用語的用法 by means of用……辦法；借助…… by all means當(dāng)然可以 by any means無論如何 by no means絕不，一點(diǎn)也不 Furthermore，punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically. 而且，懲罰絕不是幫助他們身心健康成長的明智選擇。(陜西書面表達(dá)) —Can I see it? —By all means. ——我可以看看嗎？ ——當(dāng)然可以。 [特別提醒] (1)means作主語且有every，each，one等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；有some，several，many，few等詞修飾時(shí)謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 (2)by no means放在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] (1)選擇方框內(nèi)的短語填空 ①He succeeded by means of perseverance. ②—May I borrow your bicycle? —By all means. ③She is by no means an inexperienced teacher. (2)By no means is she an inexperienced teacher.(把上題句③改為倒裝句) 7 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　非謂語動詞作定語或狀語的考查 adopt an approach/a strategy/a policy采用某方法/戰(zhàn)略/政策 adopted adj.被收養(yǎng)的；移居的 an adopted son養(yǎng)子 adoptive adj.(通常作定語)收養(yǎng)的 adapt vt.使適應(yīng)；改造/編 Pupils should be helped to adopt a positive approach to the environment. 應(yīng)幫助學(xué)生對環(huán)境采取積極的態(tài)度。 He couldn’t adapt his way of life to the pany. 他的生活方式無法適應(yīng)公司的要求。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] (1)用adopt，adapt的適當(dāng)形式填空 The young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan.After a few months，the child came to adapt to his new life. (2)語法填空 ①Having adopted(adopt) a new method，they worked more efficiently. ②They treated their adopted(adopt) son as their own son. 8 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　(1)consider后接非謂語動詞的考查　(2)寫作高分句式：It is considered that...；sb.be considered＋不定式 considering prep.& conj.考慮到……；就……而言 consider v.仔細(xì)考慮；研討 consider doing...考慮做…… consider sb./sth.(to be/as)...認(rèn)為某人(物)…… all things considered總而言之；考慮到所有情況 consideration n.考慮；體諒,take sth.into consideration考慮到；顧及 Thank you for your consideration. 如果你能考慮一下我將非常感激。(浙江書面表達(dá)) It was very considerate of him to wait. 他一直在等候著，真是體貼人。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] (1)語法填空 ①All things considered(consider)，the plan is acceptable. ②Considering(consider) everything，this one is better. ③We are now considering changing(change) the schedule. ④He is considered(consider) reliable，so you can rely on him. ⑤He is considered to have taken(take) it the other day. (2)同義句改寫 ①The proposals are now under consideration. The proposals are being discussed.(用discuss改寫句子) ②You do have to consider the feelings of those around you. You do have to take the feelings of those around you into consideration.(用consideration改寫句子) 1 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　(1)主謂一致　(2)number前冠詞的考查 the number of...……的數(shù)量(作主語時(shí)，動詞用單數(shù)) 表示“許多；大量”的其它表達(dá)方式： ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋復(fù)數(shù)動詞 a great/good many of＋(the，my等)修飾語＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋復(fù)數(shù)動詞 ＋ quantities of＋可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞＋復(fù)數(shù)動詞 ＋不可數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)動詞 A number of problems have arisen. 已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一些問題。 Quantities of food were on the table. 飯桌上有許多飯菜。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] 語法填空 (1)—Why does the lake smell terrible? —Because large quantities of water have been polluted(pollute). (2)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities has been rising(rise) steadily since 1990. (3)In China，the number of cities is increasing(increase) whose development is recognized across the world. (4)A number of high buildings have arisen(arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. 2 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　非謂語動詞句法功能的考查 refer...to...把……提交給……，讓……參考…… refer to...as...把……稱為…… in/with reference to關(guān)于…… for reference以備查閱 I promised not to refer to the matter again. 我答應(yīng)過再也不提這事了。 [詞義辨析]　refer to，look up 二者都有“查閱；參考”的意思，但搭配不同： (1)refer to的意思比較廣泛，當(dāng)“查找”講時(shí)，其賓語多為book，dictionary等。 (2)look up的賓語多為word，information等，不可以是book，dictionary，sb.等。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] (1)用refer to，look up填空 ①I’d like to look up the word in the dictionary. ②If you don’t understand some words，you can refer to the dictionary. (2)語法填空 ①In his speech，he referred to a recent trip to Canada. ②The book referred(refer) to last time has been sold out. 3 turn down拒絕 turn out結(jié)果是；證明是 take turns to do.../in doing...輪流做…… turn to 轉(zhuǎn)身；求助于；致力于 by turns 輪流地 The children called out their names in turn. 孩子們逐一自報(bào)姓名。 [詞義辨析]　in turn，in return (1)in turn表示“依次；輪流；相應(yīng)” (2)in return表示“作為對……的回報(bào)；作為回應(yīng)” [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] (1)用in turn，in return填空 ①Increased production will，in turn，lead to increased profits. ②Can I invite you to dinner in return for your kind help? (2)He took turns to drive the car. He drove the car by turns.(用turn短語改寫句子) 4 [多詞一義]　lead to，cause，result in，bring about，give rise to lead sb.to do...使某人做…… lead sb.to...使某人得出…… lead the way帶路 lead sb.by the nose牽著某人的鼻子走 in the lead領(lǐng)先；處于首位 take the lead帶頭；領(lǐng)先 Not far away there is a bridge that can lead him to the tree for more fruit. 不遠(yuǎn)處有一座橋可以讓他到達(dá)樹旁摘到更多的水果。(北京開放作文) In class I will divide the students into small groups and lead them to practice speaking English in an interesting way. 在課堂上我將把學(xué)生分成小組，用有趣的方法讓他們練習(xí)說英語。(天津書面表達(dá)) [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] (1)根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子 With him ①leading the way(帶路)，we got there without any difficulty.But for him，we would have been lost，which would ②lead to(導(dǎo)致) serious consequences.His action ③led us to believe(使我們相信) that he was our true friend. (2)這個(gè)政策將給這個(gè)地區(qū)帶來更大的不穩(wěn)定。(一句多譯) ①This policy would lead to greater instability in the region. (lead) ②This policy would result in greater instability in the region. (result) ③This policy would contribute to greater instability in the region. (contribute) 5 e into action開始行動, bring...into action使……起作用 put...into action將……付諸實(shí)施 out of action不能再運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；失去效用；不工作 take steps/measures to do sth.采取措施做某事 I felt that it was time for me to take action. 我感覺是我采取行動的時(shí)候了。 This machine is out of action. 這臺機(jī)器出了故障。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] 語法填空 (1)The government has taken action to protect(protect) intellectual property. (2)Please put your study plan into action. 6 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　作為高級詞匯替換besides，except 表示“除……之外”的短語： apart from/aside from除……之外，根據(jù)上下文的不同，可以分別相當(dāng)于besides，except或except for。 besides＝in addition to除……之外(還，也)，常與also，more，other等連用。 except除……外(都)……，常與all，every，no，none，nothing等含有整體肯定或否定意義的詞連用。 except for除……以外，其后所跟的詞往往與前面的不是同一類的，是指整體中除去的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)或某一方面。 Apart from the cost，the dress doesn’t suit me. 姑且不論價(jià)格，這件衣服也不適合我。 It is a good book，apart from the torn cover. 除了封面破了，它是本好書。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] 用besides，except，except for，apart from填空 (1)All the students took part in the sports meeting except/apart from Tom. (2)We need three more chairs besides/apart from these two. (3)Apart from/Except for the ending，it’s a really good film. 7 [多詞一義]　all in all，in short，in conclusion，to conclude，in a word，in brief above all最重要的是 at all根本；全然 in all總共 after all畢竟；終究；到底 for/with all盡管 All in all，you cannot be satisfied enough to get it. 總而言之，買到它你是再滿意不過了。 So you made it after all! 你畢竟成功了！ [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] 用all的短語填空 (1)Children need many things；above all，they need love from their parents. (2)In all,24 people were found guilty. (3)What is personal development after all? (4)There was only one who did not look at all unhappy. 8 in sum簡而言之 a large sum of大量的 in summary總的說來 Let us sum up the recent news. 讓我們總結(jié)一下最近的新聞。 Obree summed his weekend up in one word：“Disastrous.” 奧布瑞用一個(gè)詞總結(jié)了他的周末經(jīng)歷：“災(zāi)難性的?！? [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] (1)They presented a large sum of money (大量的錢)to the college. (2)In sum (簡而言之)，things are going well for China. 1 Without these naturally occurring gases，the sun’s rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.如果沒有這些自然產(chǎn)生的氣體，太陽光將會被反射回太空中去，地球?qū)⑻幱诤渲?，不適合生命的存在。 介詞短語without these naturally occurring gases代替虛擬條件句，用來表達(dá)虛擬的事實(shí)。有時(shí)表假設(shè)的情況隱含在一個(gè)由介詞或介詞短語引起的短語中(如without，but for，otherwise等引起的短語)。 Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat，the earth at night would be freezing cold，too cold for us to live on. 如果沒有大氣保持太陽的熱量，夜晚的地球?qū)浅：?，冷得讓我們無法生存。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] I couldn’t have finished the work so soon without your help. (1) I couldn’t have finished the work so soon if you hadn’t helped me.(用if從句改寫句子) (2)I couldn’t have finished the work so soon if it hadn’t been for your help.(用be for改寫句子) (3)I couldn’t have finished the work so soon but for your help.(用but for改寫句子) 2 There has been terrible flooding in Asia，Africa，America and Oceania.亞洲、非洲、美洲和大洋洲都發(fā)生過可怕的洪澇災(zāi)害。 (1)there be句型的完成時(shí)為there have/has been...。 (2)某些表示存在、發(fā)生、出現(xiàn)、坐落等意義的不及物動詞也可與there連用，如：appear，belong，e，enter，exist，flash，follow，happen，lie，live，occur，remain，run，rise，seem，shine，stand等動詞。 (3)there be的非謂語形式是there to be和there being兩種形式。它們可以在句中作主語、賓語、狀語。作動詞賓語時(shí)，通常用there to be，能這樣用的動詞常見的有want，like，intend，expect，hate等。作介詞賓語時(shí)，如介詞為for，后跟there to be，如是其他介詞用there being。作狀語時(shí)，常用there being。作主語時(shí)，兩者皆可，但在there to be前要加介詞for。 There has been a modern school in our town. 我們鎮(zhèn)已經(jīng)有一所現(xiàn)代化的學(xué)校了。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] 翻譯句子 (1)我希望他有很多找到工作的機(jī)會。 I expect there to be many chances for him to get the job. (2)沒有別的事可做，我們就回家了。 There being nothing else to do，we went home. 3 單元語法 ——語法填空 (1)Your work must be finished (finish) by tomorrow. (2)The plan is going to be carried (carry) out next week. (3)I was made to copy (copy) ten pages of the book. (4)The film is worthy to be seen (see). (5)He said he would go (go) to Beijing the next day. 高考題組 Ⅰ.短文改錯(xx浙江) Two years before，I traveled to Brazil and I rented for a car.Unfortunate，I had an accident and hit another car，and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week.I called my parents，so I did not tell them what had happened.I knew that they will be worried about myself because I was so farther away，and that my mother would not sleep if she knew.Therefore，I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.As a result，nobody knew truth.I still think that it was the right thing to do. 答案 Two years ，I traveled to Brazil and I rented for a car.，I had an accident and hit another car，and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two .I called my parents， I did not tell them what had happened.I knew that they be worried about because I was so away，and that my mother would not sleep if she knew.Therefore，I told them stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.As a result，nobody knew truth.I still think that it was the right thing to do. Ⅱ.寫作常用句翻譯 1.不要以自我為中心，盡力多為他人考慮。(considerate)(xx江蘇書面表達(dá)) Don’t be selfcentered and try to be considerate. 2.但是，當(dāng)事情超出我的能力時(shí)，我就向同學(xué)或老師求助。(beyond)(2011安徽書面表達(dá)) However，when it is something beyond my petence，I turn to my classmates or teachers for help. 3.當(dāng)我面臨困難時(shí)，通常選擇參考相關(guān)的學(xué)習(xí)材料或網(wǎng)站。(refer to)(2011安徽書面表達(dá)) When I am faced with a difficulty，I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages. 模擬題組 Ⅰ.語法填空 1.He is thought to have acted (act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 2.He demanded that quick action (should) be taken (take) before things got even worse. 3.I couldn’t have gone through that bitter period without your generous help. 4.—Bruce has recently been promoted to the sales manager. —Oh，considering (consider) his great contributions to the pany，he is really worthy of the position. 5.Finding a job in such a big pany has always been beyond his wildest dreams. 6.The discovery of new evidence led to the thief being caught (catch). 7.A great number of children whose parents had died in the earthquake were sent (send) to live with families in other cities. 8.It is impossible for there to be (be) an escape from the building. 9.The program keeps me off the streets，without which I probably would be wandering around right now. 10.—Why don’t we choose that road to save time? —The bridge to it is being repaired (repair). Ⅱ.單句改錯 1.Having trapped in the traffic jam for hours，he became impatient.Having后加上been 2.We must obey the principle all men are innocent until they are proved guilty.principle后加上that 3.We will discuss the problem referring to at yesterday’s meeting.referring→referred 4.The newer will be the substitute with me as your English teacher.with→for 5.The policewoman seized the thief by his arm immediately.his→the 6.By any means are we satisfied with what he explained.any→no 7.Diana is a considering boss who is always willing to listen.considering→considerate 8.The government was already taken action to stop the strike.was→has 9.To be great，you must be smart，confident，and，