2019年高考英語真題分類匯編 專題十二 推理判斷.doc

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2019年高考英語真題分類匯編 專題十二 推理判斷 Passage 1(xx課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ,A)體裁:應(yīng)用文　詞數(shù):204 The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge! The Cambridge Science Festival(CSF)is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge.The challenge invites,even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world. Students are being dared to draw a picture,write an article,take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about.To enter the challenge,all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival,MIT Museum,265 Mass Avenue,Cambridge 02139 by Friday,February 8th. Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday,April 21st.Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students.Winning entries will be published in a book.Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given.Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served. Between March 10th and March 15th,each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration.The program guidelines and other related information are available at:cambridgesciencefestival.org. 1.Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge? 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 A.School students. B.Cambridge locals. C.CSF winners. D.MIT artists. 2.When will the prize-giving ceremony be held? A.On February 8th. B.On March 10th. C.On March 15th. D.On April 21st. 3.What type of writing is this text? A.An exhibition guide. B.An art show review. C.An announcement. D.An official report. 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文為應(yīng)用文,題材為新聞廣告類。本文介紹了劍橋科學(xué)節(jié)即將舉辦的一項(xiàng)鼓勵學(xué)生們參加的好奇心挑戰(zhàn)活動。要想了解一下該活動的情況就請閱讀本文吧。 1.A　 2.D　 3.C　 Passage 2(xx課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ,B)體裁:說明文　詞數(shù):235 Since the first Earth Day in 1970,Americans have gotten a lot “greener”toward the environment.“We didn??t know at that time that there even was an environment,let alone that there was a problem with it,”says Bruce Anderson,president of Earth Day USA. But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people,political leaders,university professors,and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many,many times,”says Gaylord Nelson,the former governor from Wisconsin,who thought up the first Earth Day. According to US government reports,emissions(排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with,the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “green thinking” has bee part of practices. Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs;today in 1995 there are about 6,600.Advanced lights,motors,and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution. Twenty-five years ago,there were hardly any education programs for environment.Today,it??s hard to find a public school,university,or law school that does not have such a kind of program.“Until we do that,nothing else will change!”says Bruce Anderson. 1.According to Anderson,before 1970,Americans had little idea about　　　. A.the social movement B.recycling techniques C.environmental problems D.the importance of Earth Day 2.Where does the support for environmental protection mainly e from? A.The grass-roots level. B.The business circle. C.Government officials. D.University professors. 3.What have Americans achieved in environmental protection? A.They have cut car emissions to the lowest. B.They have settled their environmental problems. C.They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities. D.They have reduced pollution through effective measures. 4.What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph? A.Education. B.Planning. C.Green living. D.CO reduction. 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文為說明文,題材是節(jié)能環(huán)保類。作者闡述了自1970年以來,美國在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面所取得的成就。 1.C　 2.A　 3.D　 4.A　 Passage 3(xx北京,C)體裁:議論文　詞數(shù):388 Choosing the Right Resolution(決定) Millions of Americans began xx with the same resolution they started xx with,a goal of losing weight.However,setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake. To reach our goal of losing weight—the output,we need to control what we eat—the input(輸入).That is,we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.This is a bad way to construct goals.The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input.Instead of resolving to lose weight,try an actionable resolution:“I??ll stop having dessert for lunch,”or “I??ll walk every day for 20 minutes.”Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the oute. Recently a new science behind incentives(激勵),including in education,has been discussed.For example,researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school.In some cases,he gave students incentives based on input,like reading certain books,while in others,the incentives were based on output,like results on exams.His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output.Fryer??s conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on an exam,aside from general rules like “study harder”.Reading certain books,on the other hand,is a well-set task over which they have much more control. As long as you have direct control over your goal,you have a much higher chance of success.And it??s easier to start again if you fail,because you know exactly what you need to do. If you want to cut down on your spending,a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a caf,for example.This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily.Spending less money isn??t a goal because it??s too general.Similarly,if you want to spend more time with your family,don??t stop with this general wish.Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to,like a family movie night every Wednesday. In the long run,these new goals could bee a habit. 1.The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because　　　. A.it is hard to achieve for most Americans B.it is focused too much on the result C.it is dependent on too many things D.it is based on actionable decisions 2.In Roland Fryer??s research,some students did better than the others because　　　. A.they obeyed all the general rules B.they paid more attention to exams C.they were motivated by their classmates D.they were rewarded for reading some books 3.According to the writer,which of the following statements is a good goal? A.“I??ll give up dessert.” B.“I??ll study harder.” C.“I??ll cut down my expenses.” D.“I??ll spend more time with my family.” 4.The writer strongly believes that we should　　　. A.develop good habits and focus on the oute B.be optimistic about final goals and stick to them C.pick specific actions that can be turned into good habits D.set ambitious goals that can balance the input and output 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文為議論文,題材為設(shè)定目標(biāo)。作者認(rèn)為“減肥”不是一個很有效的目標(biāo),并具體解釋了設(shè)立什么樣的目標(biāo)更加有效。 1.B　 2.D　 3.A　 4.C　 Passage 4(xx浙江,D)體裁:記敘文　詞數(shù):615 A city child??s summer is spent in the street in front of his home,and all through the long summer vacations I sat on the edge of the street and watched enviously the other boys on the block play baseball.I was never asked to take part even when one team had a member missing—not out of special cruelty,but because they took it for granted I would be no good at it.They were right,of course. I would never forget the wonderful evening when something changed.The baseball ended about eight or eight thirty when it grew dark.Then it was the custom of the boys to retire to a little stoop(門廊)that stuck out from the candy store on the corner and that somehow had bee theirs.No grownup ever sat there or attempted to.There the boys would sit,mostly talking about the games played during the day and of the game to be played tomorrow.Then long silences would fall and the boys would wander off one by one.It was just after one of those long silences that my life as an outsider changed.I can no longer remember which boy it was that summer evening who broke the silence with a question;but whoever he was,I nod to him gratefully now.“What??s in those books you??re always reading?”he asked casually.“Stories,”I answered.“What kind?”asked somebody else without much interest. Nor do I know what drove me to behave as I did,for usually I just sat there in silence,glad enough to be allowed to remain among them;but instead of answering his question,I told them for two hours the story I was reading at the moment.The book was Sister Carrie.They listened bug-eyed and breathless.I must have told it well,but I think there was another and deeper reason that made them so keen an audience.Listening to a tale being told in the dark is one of the most ancient of man??s entertainments,but I was offering them as well,without being aware of doing it,a new and exciting experience. The books they themselves read were the Rover Boys or Tom Swift or G.A.Henty.I had read them too,but at thirteen I had long since left them behind.Since I was much alone I had bee an enthusiastic reader and I had gone through the books-for-boys-series.In those days there was no reading material between children??s and grownups?? books,or I could find none.I had gone right from Tom Swift and His Flying Machine to Theodore Dreiser and Sister Carrie.Dreiser had hit my young mind,and they listened to me tell the story with some of the wonder that I had had in reading it. The next night and many nights thereafter,a kind of unspoken ritual(儀式)took place.As it grew dark,I would take my place in the center of the stoop and begin the evening??s tale.Some nights,in order to taste my victory more pletely,I cheated.I would stop at the most exciting part of a story by Jack London or Bret Harte,and without warning tell them that that was as far as I had gone in the book and it would have to be continued the following evening.It was not true,of course;but I had to make certain of my new-found power and position.I enjoyed the long summer evenings until school began in the fall.Other words of mine have been listened to by larger and more fashionable audiences,but for that tough and athletic one that sat close on the stoop outside the candy store,I have an unreasoning love that will last forever. 1.Watching the boys playing baseball,the writer must have felt　　　. A.bitter and lonely B.special and different C.pleased and excited D.disturbed and annoyed 2.The writer feels grateful even now to the boy who asked the question because the boy　　　. A.invited him to join in their game B.liked the book that he was reading C.broke the long silence of that summer evening D.offered him an opportunity that changed his life 3.According to Paragraph 3,story-telling was popular among the boys basically because　　　. A.the story was from a children??s book B.listening to tales was an age-old practice C.the boys had few entertainments after dark D.the boys didn??t read books by themselves 4.The boys were attracted to Sister Carrie because　　　. A.it was written by Theodore Dreiser B.it was specifically targeted at boys C.it gave them a deeper feeling of pleasure D.it talked about the wonders of the world 5.Sometimes the writer stopped at the most exciting part of a story to　　　. A.play a mean trick on the boys B.experience more joy of achievement C.add his own imagination to the story D.help the boys understand the story better 6.What is the message conveyed in the story? A.One can find his position in life in his own way. B.Friendship is built upon respect for each other. C.Reading is more important than playing games. D.Adult habits are developed from childhood. 答案 [語篇解讀]　這是一篇記敘文,題材為人物故事類。作者講述了自己在某個夏天的暑假,原本只是那群玩棒球男生的旁觀者,卻因?yàn)橐淮闻既坏难?整個夏天的晚上都在給他們講他看過的書中的故事,而且這一經(jīng)歷改變了作者的一生。 1.A　 2.D　 3.B　 4.C 5.B　 6.A　 Passage 5(xx江蘇,A)體裁:應(yīng)用文　詞數(shù):249 Never before had a Kitchen so much of a History It tells of Freedom,Success,and of the Architecture of big American cities.Because that is where it started:in the second half of the 19th century! Wele to a new Era of Kitchen Interior Design Back then,a Generation of successful American Entrepreneurs dreamt of a new style of Architecture to express their personal wealth.This dream was realized by young architects such as Daniel Burnham and Stanford White.They all had studied at the cole des Beaux-Arts in Paris.And they created a new style for Architecture and Interior Design,named after the famous French Art Institute:Beaux-Arts. SieMatic BeauxArts Breaks and Creates In fact it was not a new style at all,but a position of styles from different periods and cultures.Many world-famous structures such as the Chicago Art Institute and the Statue of Liberty account for it.But what does that have to do with your kitchen?Just as much as you want it to.Because in the same way that the anti-conventional architects back then took the freedom to bine elements from different historical eras,today,you too can break the conventional rules of style and create something new:your own personal position of your kitchen.For that,SieMatic BeauxArts offers unique opportunities:A broad range of seemingly conflicting features that you bine to a harmonious design of your own.You can choose from menu of various forms,appealing colors,and precious materials,to create an environment that is much more than just a kitchen:a reflection of your personality. 1.Why did the BeauxArts style attract American entrepreneurs? A.It helped display their money status. B.It was created by famous architects. C.It was named after a famous institute. D.It represented the 19th century urban culture. 2.What is unique of SieMatic BeauxArts? A.Its designs are anti-conventional. B.Its designs e from famous structures. C.Its customers can enjoy their own position. D.Its customers can choose from various new styles. 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文屬于應(yīng)用文,題材為創(chuàng)意說明。文章主要介紹了一種美國廚房內(nèi)部設(shè)計(jì)的新風(fēng)格:BeauxArts style。 1.A　 2.C　 Passage 6(xx安徽,A)體裁:應(yīng)用文　詞數(shù):209 Personal Robot Make your parents and teachers happy! Are you having problems finishing your homework on time?Do you avoid tidying your room until your mom shouts at you?You don??t need to worry if you buy a Mr.Helping Hand personal robot.Mr.H can be programmed to organize your homework.Your own personal robot will follow you around,putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed. Mr.H also has these features(特點(diǎn)): ●weighs only 500 grams ●includes long-lasting batteries ●es with a 5-year guarantee ●remembers simple instructions Originally(最初)sold for $499 NOW ONLY $299 BUY NOW 　WATCH CONTROL This is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear! This is NOT a watch for ordinary people! Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROL ●acts as a remote control for TVs and videos. ●gives you a daily weather forecast. ●reminds you when to hand in your homework. ●sets off a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near. Besides,your PENGO WATCH CONTROL will always tell you the time accurately! Originally sold for $199 NOW ONLY $99 For further information,click here. 1.With help from a Mr.H,you can　　　. A.stop using batteries B.finish your homework on time C.remember your teachers?? instructions D.get your room tidied on your way home 2.A PENGO WATCH CONTROL can help you to　　　. A.repair your TV B.organize your homework C.be a James Bond D.know what the weather is like 3.You can get your Mr.H for　　　. 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 A.$499 B.$299 C.$199 D.$99 4.Where would you be most likely to find the two texts? A.On a noticeboard. B.In a pany brochure. C.On a teenage website. D.In a college newspaper. 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文為應(yīng)用文。主要是在網(wǎng)上介紹了兩種科技產(chǎn)品的功能、特點(diǎn)和價(jià)格,吸引青少年的注意力。 1.B　 2.D　 3.B　 4.C　 Passage 7(xx安徽,B)體裁:說明文　詞數(shù):314 Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big,tough African elephants running away,a new study says.Beehives(蜂窩)—either recorded or real—may even prevent elephants from damaging farmers?? crops. In xx,scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them.Today,Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops.But before she asked farmers to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms,she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away. Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder.Then she threw a stone into the beehive,which burst into life.Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down.Next,Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker in a tree close to each family. From a distance,Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera.Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds.Out of a total of 17 groups,only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees.Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them.When Lucy played the sound of a waterfall(瀑布)instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families,the animals were undisturbed.Even after four minutes,most of the groups stayed in one place. Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times.She hasn??t tested enough groups yet to know,but her initial(最初的)results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers.She has now begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightened away. 1.We know from the passage that elephants may be frightened of　　　. A.loud noises B.some crops C.video cameras D.angry bees 2.As mentioned in the passage,Lucy　　　. A.works by herself in Africa B.needs to test more elephant groups C.has stopped elephants eating crops D.has got farmers to set up beehives on their farms 3.Why did Lucy throw a stone into a wild beehive? A.To record the sound of bees. B.To make a video of elephants. C.To see if elephants would run away. D.To find out more about the behavior of bees. 4.Which of the following is true according to the passage? A.Young elephants ignore African honeybees. B.Waterfalls can make elephants stay in one place. C.Elephants do not go near trees with bees living in them. D.Farmers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests in their fields. 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文為說明文。講述了一些科學(xué)家通過研究非洲蜜蜂對非洲象的影響,想為當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民驅(qū)趕大象防止其毀壞莊稼提供幫助。 1.D　 2.B　 3.A　 4.C　 Passage 8(xx天津,B)體裁:說明文　詞數(shù):352 A world-famous Canadian author,Margaret Atwood,has created the world??s first long-distance signing device(裝置),the LongPen. After many tiring book-signing tours from city to city,Atwood thought there must be a better way to do them.She hired some technical experts and started her own pany in xx.Together they designed the LongPen.Here??s how it works:The author writes a personal message and signature on a puter tablet(手寫板)using a special pen.On the receiving end,in another city,a robotic arm fitted with a regular pen signs the book.The author and fan can talk with each other via webcams(網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像機(jī))and puter screens. Work on the LongPen began in Atwood??s basement(地下室).At first,they had no idea it would be as hard as it turned out to be.The device went through several versions,including one that actually had smoke ing out of it.The inventing finally pleted,test runs were made in Ottawa,and the LongPen wa