2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復習 單元知識匯總 Book 8 Unit 23 Conflict 北師大版.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復習 單元知識匯總 Book 8 Unit 23 Conflict 北師大版 重點識記詞匯 1.betray vt.出賣，背叛 2.hand over把……交給 3.justice n.公正，正義 4promise n.&v.妥協(xié)，讓步 5.prejudice n.偏見；成見 6.look into調查 7.departure n.離開，離去 8.classify vt.把……分類；歸類 9.in a flash瞬間，即刻 10.stand up for保護，維護 11.put forward提議，提出 12.give in讓步，屈服 13.from then on從那時起，以后 14.send for派人去叫…… 15.subscribe (to) vi.訂閱(雜志或報紙) 16.call in請(某人) 17.appoint vt.任命，委任 18.join up參軍 19.have a gift for對……有天賦 20.keep off減去 21.allowance n.零用錢；津貼 22.contradict vt.反駁，糾正 23.hold out(在困境中)堅持 24.call on要求……介入 25.look down on看不起 26.by and by不久以后 27.keep one’s word遵守諾言 28e about發(fā)生 29.in surprise吃驚地，驚奇地 30.unconscious adj.失去知覺的 31.greet vt.問候，致意 32.remark vt.說起，談到 33.in peace和平地 34.acquaintance n.相識的人 35.sponsor vt.贊助 36.the more...the more...越……就越…… 37.salute vt.向……致敬 38.swear vi.發(fā)誓 39.intend vt.想要，打算 40.expense n.費用，開支 41.rope off用繩子圍起(隔開) 42.sort out解決(問題或困難) 43.shoot vt.&vi.射擊→shot n.射擊，開槍 44.talk sth.over with sb.與……詳細討論…… 45.possession n.私有物品→possess vt.擁有 46.bring sth.on sb.給某人招來(不愉快的)事情 47.union n.聯合會，工會→unite v.聯合→united adj.聯合的 48.security n.安全→secure adj.安全的 49.representative n.代表→represent vt.代表 50.distribute vt.分發(fā)，分配→distribution n.分配；分布 51.consume vt.喝；消費，消耗→consumer n.消費者 52.strengthen vt.(使)變強，加強→strength n.力量→strong adj.強壯的 53.liberation n.解放→liberate v.解放 54.furnished adj.配有家具的→furnish v.在(房屋等)布置家具；提供 55.expose vt.使置身于危險中；暴露→be exposed to接觸；遭受；使遭受 必背經典句式 1.Had they known their neighbour was a drummer，they wouldn’t have moved into the building. 要是早知道他們的鄰居是一位鼓手，他們就不會搬進這座大樓。 2.No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full night’s sleep. 他們剛一搬進去噪音就開始了，而且他們幾乎沒有睡過一個囫圇覺。 3.Smith lives above the McKays and it appears that not only is he a keen gardener，he is also a fish collector. 史密斯住在麥凱一家人的樓上，看起來他不僅熱衷于園藝，還是個魚類收藏家。 4.Unless I receive a positive reply within the next three weeks，I intend to take further action. 如果在接下來的三周之內我得不到令人滿意的答復，我將采取進一步的行動。 構詞記憶 　hardship /′hɑ?d?Ip/n.[C]&[U]苦難；困苦；苦事 membership /′memb??Ip/n.[C]&[U]會員資格；會員人數 ownership /′??n??Ip/n.[U]所有(權)；所有制 relationship /rI′leI??n?Ip/n.[C]&[U]關系；聯系 Ⅰ.詞匯與派生 A．語境填詞 1．The finance pany now has possession(擁有) of the house. 2．A mittee has been appointed(任命) to investigate these plaints. 3．As a nurse in the war she was exposed(暴露) to many dangers. 4．Women still have to face a great deal of prejudice(偏見) in the workplace. 5．For reasons of security(安全)，all luggage must be searched. 6．Mr. Robert Brown was announced as the sponsor(贊助商)． 7．We were taken out for a meal at the pany’s expense(開支)． 8．He is unconscious(未覺察到的) of having made a serious error. 9．The soldiers saluted(向……致敬) the officers when they were inspected. 10．He swore(發(fā)誓) to get rid of the habit of taking drugs. B．用所給詞的適當形式填空 11．These pictures represent (representative) Japanese landscapes at all seasons of the year. 12．We need more feedback from the consumer (consume) in order to improve our goods. 13．The Red Cross supervised the distribution (distribute) of food and clothing to the flood victims. 14．He has made remarkable (remark) progress in English. 15．We want to strenghten (strong) our ties with them. Ⅱ.短語運用 A．用方框內所給動詞短語的適當形式填空 stand up for，look into，put forward，hold out，have a gift for，call in，send for，hand over，give in，e about 16.Lang Lang and Li Yundi both have a gift for music. 17．If you don’t stand up for your rights，no one else will do it for you. 18．Two policemen have been called in to help solve the problem. 19．The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse. 20．Leave the house in no time，or I’ll send for the police. 21．As a friend，I should be frank to you，so I put forward these criticism and opinions. 22．He has resigned and will handover charge of his office today. 23．The enemy will have to give in；they can’t hold out for long. 24．Do you think the President will give in to the terrorists’ demand? 25．How did this dangerous state of affairs e about? B．用方框內所給短語的適當形式填空 out of control，in a flash，sort of，more or less, from then on，in peace，in surprise，by and by 26.I tell him to go away and leave me in peace. 27．All of them have bee good friends from then on. 28．I’m busy now，but I’ll talk with you by and by. 29．The boy jumped up in surprise at the sudden noise. 30．The fat old man looked sort of ridiculous in his tight pink trousers. 31．The repairs will cost ￡50，more or less. 32．The plane went out of control and crashed. 33．The boy ran so fast that he arrived at his school in a flash. Ⅲ.經典句式 34．Had you e yesterday，you would have met him. 如果你昨天來的話，你就會碰見他了。 35．No sooner had the lovely baby seen his mother than he smiled. 那個可愛的嬰兒一看到他的媽媽就笑了。 36．Not only has he been to Canada，but also he knows some Canadians. 他不僅去過加拿大，而且還認識一些加拿大人。 37．I won’t go to his wedding unless I’m invited. 除非我被邀請，否則我不會去參加他的婚禮。 1 [多詞一義]　betray，let out，give away betray a secret to sb.向某人泄露秘密 betray one’s trust辜負某人的信任 betray oneself暴露本來面目，原形畢露 He betrayed the news to all his friends. 他向所有的朋友透露了這個消息。 He betrayed his country to the enemy. 他背叛祖國，向敵人投降了。 [夯實基礎] His voice betrayed the worry he was trying to hide. (1)His voice let out the worry he was trying to hide.(用let out改寫句子) (2)His voice gave away the worry he was trying to hide.(用give away改寫句子) 2 [應試指導]　非謂語動詞句法功能的考查 expose...to使顯露；暴露 be exposed to暴露于；經受…… expose sb.to...讓某人接觸某物；使某人暴露于…… They had not been exposed to most diseases mon to urban populations. 城市人口中多數常見的疾病他們都沒有接觸到。 These units exposed children to many viewpoints of a given issue. 這些單元讓孩子們接觸到有關某一特定問題的多種觀點。 [夯實基礎] (1)The newspaper exposed his secret to the public. ①The newspaper let out his secret to the public.(用let out改寫句子) ②The newspaper gave away his secret to the public.(用give away改寫句子) (2)Being exposed to sunlight too long will be harmful to your skin. ①Exposing yourself to sunlight too long will be harmful to your skin.(改為v.ing的主動形式作主語) ②If exposed to sunlight too long，you will get your skin injured. (改為if省略句) (3)He was exposed to the rain and wind last night and he was ill. Exposed to the rain and wind last night，he was ill. (用過去分詞短語作原因狀語改寫句子) 3 [應試指導]　求職類寫作高頻詞匯 appoint sb.(as/to be)...任命某人擔任…… appoint sb.to do...指定某人做…… appoint a date to do/for doing...定下做……的日期 appointment n.約見，約會；任命 by appointment按約定 make/have an appointment with與……預約 keep/break an appointment守/違約 Could I change my appointment from one to two? 我能不能把一點鐘的約會改到兩點鐘呢？ [夯實基礎] 語法填空 (1)The Prime Minister has appointed a civilian as/to be the defence minister. (2)I have made an appointment with Doctor Smith. (3)Our doctors are seen by appointment only. 4 [多詞一義]　remarkable，distinguished，excellent，brilliant make a remark/remarks on/upon/about就……發(fā)表意見 remark on/upon對……進行評論 I remarked that I would go shopping that afternoon. 我說過我那天下午要去購物。 She has made outspoken remarks about the legalization of cannabis in Britain. 她對英國關于大麻的立法進行了大膽評論。 [夯實基礎] (1)Don’t remark on her appearance rudely. Don’t make rude remarks on her appearance.(用remark的名詞短語改寫句子) (2)她父親說該走了。(翻譯句子) Her father remarked that it was time to leave. 5 [多詞一義]　distribute，hand out，spread，divide，deliver distribute sth.to sb.把某物分配(發(fā))給某人 distribute sth.among sb.在某人中進行分配 distribution n.分配；配給；分送 distribution of sth.……的分發(fā)、分配 In the move most of the furniture was left to the neighbors or distributed among friends. 大部分家具在搬家的時候都留給了鄰居或送了朋友。 [夯實基礎] (1)語法填空 ①This species of butterfly is widely distributed(distribute) all over our country. ②Our teacher distributed the papers to us students. (2)Students shouted slogans and distributed leaflets. Students shouted slogans, distributing leaflets.(用現在分詞短語作伴隨狀語改寫句子) 6 acquaintance n.認識的人；泛泛之交；熟人(a person one knows but not a close friend)；(對某事物的)了解(knowledge of) [應試指導]　acquaintance作為高級詞匯：(1)of sb.’s acquaintance 代替that sb.know (某人所認識的……) (2)on first acquaintance 代替when you meet sb.for the first time　(3)make sb.’s acquaintance 或make the acquaintance of sb.代替know sb. make one’s acquaintance＝make the acquaintance of sb.結識某人 have an/some acquaintance(s) with sth.對某事有了解 have a nodding/passing acquaintance with sb.與某人有點頭之交 acquaint oneself with sth.使熟悉，使了解 be acquainted with了解……，認識…… I made his acquaintance/made the acquaintance of him two years ago. 我是兩年前認識他的。 He was my closest acquaintance. 他是我的老相識。 [夯實基礎] (1)I’ve been acquainted with their customs. I have acquainted myself with their customs.(用含有反身代詞的短語改寫句子) (2)We made the acquaintance of him four years ago. We have been acquainted with him since four years ago.(用be acquainted with改寫句子) 7 strength n.力氣；體力；強項；優(yōu)勢 strengths and weaknesses優(yōu)點和缺點 have the strength of有做……的力氣(意志力) with all one’s strength盡力 build up one’s strength增強實力 strong adj.強大的；堅固的；堅強的；強壯的 He hoped to strengthen the position of the natural sciences in the natural leading universities. 他希望強化自然科學在一流大學里的地位。 She was hired on the strength of her puter skills. 基于她的計算機能力，她被錄用了。 [夯實基礎] 用strengthen的適當形式填空 (1)Each model has its strengths and weaknesses. (2)The chair wasn’t strong enough and it broke when he sat on it. (3)Doctors say his injured shoulder will take time to strengthen. 8 [應試指導]　(1)過去分詞作定語、狀語　(2)“原打算做某事”的用法(had intended to，intended to have done) intend to do/doing sth.打算、意圖做某事 intend sb.to do...意圖讓某人做某事 be intended for/to do...旨在，預定……用途；為……打算的 had intended to do...＝intended to have done...本打算做…… She intends to do A levels and go to university. 她計劃先參加高級考試，然后去讀大學。 This book is intended for children. 這本書是供孩子們用的。 [夯實基礎] (1)They intended that the plan should be put into practice within this year. They intended the plan to be put into practice within this year.(改為簡單句) (2)Peter had intended to take a job in business，but abandoned that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in xx. Peter intended to have taken a job in business，but abandoned that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in xx.(用不定式的完成時改寫句子) 9 [應試指導]　in possession of 作為高級詞匯替換own，belong to be possessed of(＝possess oneself of)具有；擁有 possess sb.of sth.使某人擁有…… possession n.所有，持有，占有 be in possession of擁有……(主語為人) be in the possession of(某物)被(某人)所擁有 e into one’s possession為某人所擁有 take possession of占有；擁有 Mr.Smith was possessed of great selfconfidence. 史密斯先生具有很強的自信心。 When her father died，she came into possession of a large fortune. 她父親去世時，她繼承了一大筆財產。 [夯實基礎] He is in possession of the pany. (1)The pany is in the possession of him.(用the pany作主語改寫句子) (2)He is possessed of the pany.(用possess短語改寫句子) (3)He possesses the pany. (用possess v.改寫句子) 1 hand down傳給(后代)；把某事物傳下去；正式宣布 hand in上交,hand out頒發(fā)；分發(fā)；施舍 hand on傳遞下去 at hand(時間或空間上)盡在手邊，在附近，即將到來(常與close，near等連用) on hand在近處(的)，現有(的)，在手頭 He also handed over a letter of apology from the Prime Minister. 他還遞交了一封首相寫的道歉信。 [夯實基礎] 選擇方框內的短語填空 (1)I wouldn’t dare hand this project over to anyone else. (2)We have plenty of bread on hand so we can make sandwiches. (3)He handed out the books to everyone in the class. (4)This recipe has been handed down through generations. 2 [應試指導]　“call＋副詞”類語境詞義辨析 call for需要 call at拜訪某地 call up給……打電話；征召入伍；使回憶起 call on sb.to do...號召某人做…… call off取消 call out大聲地說；召喚某人 call in叫某人進來 call back回電話；再打電話 When I’m in Pittsburgh，I call him on. 我每到匹茲堡，都去拜訪他。 Youngsters ing up to university were being called up. 快上大學的青年人受到征召。 [夯實基礎] 選擇方框內的短語填空 (1)Their recent protest was called off on account of tightened security. (2)This work called for more care and patience. (3)I was called up three months after the war broke out. (4)He called at her house but was refused admittance. 3 [應試指導]　作為高級詞匯替換happen It es about that...……發(fā)生。 How does it e about that...？……是怎樣發(fā)生的？ e across偶遇；被理解 when it es to...當談到…… e up with想出(主意)；找到(答案) As a result of carelessness，the project collapse came about in the last spring. 去年春天，由于疏忽大意造成了工程的坍塌。 That came about when we went to Glastonbury last year. 那是我們去年去格拉斯頓伯里的時候發(fā)生的事。 [特別提醒] e about相當于happen或occur，均無被動形式。 [夯實基礎] 語法填空 (1)—What on earth are the police busy with? —They have been looking into how the plane crash came about. (2)When it es to speaking(speak) in public，no one can match him. (3)The meaning of this word will e across to you sooner or later. 4 [應試指導]　look短語語境詞義辨析 look up to尊敬；仰視 look up查閱 look back on/at回顧 look through瀏覽；仔細查看 look on...as...把……看作…… look into調查；觀察 look out (for)注意；留神 I wasn’t successful，so they looked down on me. 我一無所成，所以他們瞧不起我。 [夯實基礎] 選擇方框內的短語填空 (1)You’re a popular girl，Grace，and a lot of the younger ones look up to you. (2)He happened to be looking through the medical book Gray’s Anatomy at the time. (3)Look out for thieves when you stay there. (4)A working party has been set up to look into the problem. 5 sort through分類，整理 sort with與……相符、一致或協(xié)調 sort of有點兒 How do we sort out fact from fiction? 我們如何將事實與虛構區(qū)分開呢？ I think the region can sort out its problems. 我想該地區(qū)能解決自己的問題。 [夯實基礎] 選詞方框內的短語填空 (1)She spent an afternoon sorting out her coins she collected. (2)I’m sort of worried about Jenny. 1 No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full night’s sleep.他們剛一搬進去噪音就開始了，而且他們幾乎沒有睡過一個囫圇覺。 (1)no sooner...than...表示“一……就……；剛……就……”，主句常用過去完成時，than從句中常用一般過去時。當no sooner位于句首時，主句用部分倒裝。 (2)類似句型：hardly/scarcely...when...意思是“一……就……；剛……就……”，主句常用過去完成時，when引導的從句常用一般過去時。當hardly/scarcely位于句首時，主句用部分倒裝。 He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. 他剛演講完，同學們就開始喝起彩來。 No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain. 我剛離開家就下雨了。 [夯實基礎] No sooner had he returned home than he called me and asked about my work. (1)He had no sooner returned home than he called me and asked about my work.(用陳述語序改寫句子) (2)Hardly had he returned home when he called me and asked about my work.(用hardly...when...倒裝句改寫句子) (3)He called me and asked about my work as soon as he returned home.(用as soon as改寫句子) 2 ...but it is the fact that people have classified his music as “noise” that upsets him most.……但是，人們把他的音樂歸類為“噪音”的事實使他最心煩。 (1)強調句型的基本結構為：It is/was＋被強調部分＋that/who＋其他部分(若被強調的是人，可用that或who；若被強調的部分是其他時，一律用that)。另外要注意：這種句型可以強調句子的主語、賓語和狀語，一般不能用來強調謂語、表語、補足語等。 (2)強調句的一般疑問句結構為：Is/Was it ＋被強調部分＋that/who...? (3)強調句的特殊疑問句結構為：疑問詞＋is/was it＋that...? (4)對not...until...句型中的時間狀語(從句)進行強調時的結構為：It is/was not until＋被強調部分＋that＋其他部分。 It is working in teams instead of on my own that has freed me of trouble and made my work more efficient. 是團隊合作而不是單打獨斗讓我脫離煩惱、工作更高效。(湖北短文寫作) It was not until the area was seriously polluted that they realized that it was high time to take action to stop pollution. 直到這個地方被嚴重污染了他們才意識到該采取行動阻止污染了。 [夯實基礎] 對下面句子中的劃線部分進行強調 (1)I didn’t leave until he came. It was not until he came that I left. (2)Who does this place belong to? Who is it that this place belongs to? (3)I wonder what you were doing at this time yesterday. I wonder what it was that you were doing at this time yesterday. (4)He came to see us yesterday. It was yesterday that he came to see us. 3 This patient still had fresh scars from his first visit to us and this time he’d had both his legs blown off...這個病人還帶著第一次在我們這里住院時留下的新傷疤，而這次他的雙腿被炸掉了…… have sth.done中過去分詞作賓補，表示被動的含義，有時也可用get sth.done來替換，該結構的意思是“使某事被做”，有時翻譯成“請人做某事”或“主語遭遇到某事”。 have sb.do...讓某人做某事,have sb./sth.doing...讓某人一直做某事/某事處于某種狀態(tài)，用于否定句，have表示“容忍、容許”之意。,have sth.to do...有事要做，have意為“有”。 I won’t have you talking to your mother like that. 我不允許你那樣和你媽媽說話。 You’d better have your car running slowly. 你最好把車子開慢點。 [夯實基礎] 語法填空 (1)The two men had the lights burning(burn) all night long. (2)I have a position to write(write)，so I can’t go out. (3)Mother had me post(post) the letter out. (4)I had my watch repaired(repair) yesterday. (5)I won’t have you lying (lie) to your father. 4 單元語法 ——同義句改寫 (1)Tom often es to school late. It is Tom who often es to school late. (2)I have never seen him recently. Never have I seen him recently. (3)You are not going out until you’ve finished your homework. It is not until you’ve finished your homework that you are going out. (4)After he finished his work，he went out. Having finished his work，he went out. (5)He had hardly gone out when the telephone rang. Hardly had he gone out when the telephone rang. 高考題組 Ⅰ.短文改錯(xx遼寧) Dear Diana， Thank you for the lovely day we have with you.It was so kind for you to let us bring Anne’s friend，Gina.Unfortunate，the only problem was the journey home.There had been a terrible accident on the highway and，for a result，there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile.In the end，we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.In the car park here Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.They finally dropped Gina off at her parents’ and made our own way to home. Much love， Fiona 答案　 Dear Diana， Thank you for the lovely day we with you.It was so kind you to let us bring Anne’s friend，Gina.，the only problem was the journey home.There had been a terrible accident on the highway and， a result，there was a long line of traffic for at least six .In the end，we drove to a service station and waited there the road was clear.In the car park Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry. finally dropped Gina off at her parents’ and made our own way to home. Much love， Fiona Ⅱ.寫作常用句翻譯 1.我被任命負責安排那天的所有活動。(appoint)(2011天津書面表達) I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day. 2.然后我開始意識到了同學們的力量并讓他們每個人都干好班內的工作。(strength)(2011湖北短文寫作) Thus I began to recognize the strengths of my classmates and have everyone do their part in class. 3.當媽媽回顧他們結婚初期的時候，她不知道用那么少的錢是怎樣度日的。(look back on)(2011上海，29) When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage，she wondered how they had managed with so little money. 4.總之，禮貌用語會使你的生活更方便。(It is...that...強調句型)(xx江西書面表達) In a word，it is polite words that will make your life bee convenient. 模擬題組 Ⅰ.語法填空 1.Amie Salmon，disabled，is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed (appoint) to guard her. 2.It’s not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy. 3.I have an appointment with my dentist.I am to see him this afternoon. 4.It was only after he had read the papers that Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to plete. 5.Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car washed (wash). 6.I have a lot of readings to plete (plete) before the end of this term. 7.The film intended (intend) for children turned out to be wele by people of different ages. 8.—Did Linda see the traffic accident? —No，no sooner had she gone than it happened. 9.—Did Peter fix the puter himself? —He had it fixed (fix)，because he doesn’t know much about puters. 10.My friend，Bob，takes possession of most of the pany’s shares，and the rest are in the possession of other workers. Ⅱ.單句改錯 1.They wanted to make promise with the government，but failed.make后加上a 2.He is a man with a strong prejudice of products of this style.of→against 3.Exposed children too much TVs does harm to them.Exposed→Exposing 4.He likes reading English newspapers，who has subscribed China Daily for years.subscribed后加上to 5.He shot the bird but the bird was lucky to escape.shot后加上at 6.She is a person，who always looks down others.down后加上on或upon 7.Being as a student，you should concentrate your attention on your study.去掉as 8.They said they were driven mad being exposed to such noise.were后加上being 9.No sooner had they moved in when the noise began and rarely did they get a full night’s sleep.when→than 10.The fact which he has gone abroad makes her sad.which→that Ⅲ.寫作句式升級訓練 I think immediate action should be taken. From where I stand，immediate action should be taken.(用from where改寫) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 Smaller than most of the other kids in the sixth grade，Joey looked for challenges that no ot