(外研版)英語：選修8第一單元(課件.ppt

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Ⅰ.單詞聚焦1．______adj.每年的2．______n.深度3．_______adj.極端的，極度的4．_______v.使平衡5．__________n.(對某地區(qū)的)勘查6．__________adj.商業(yè)的,annual,depth,extreme,balance,exploration,commercial,7．_______v.促進，增進8．______adj.強烈的9．_______adj.輕便的；便攜的10．_________n.毫米；千分之一米11．_________adj.不正常的，反常的12．_______n.缺乏；沒有13．_________n.最少量；最小數(shù)14．_________n.緊急情況；突發(fā)事件,promote,intense,portable,millimetre,abnormal,absence,minimum,emergency,15．___________adj.常規(guī)的；普通的16．______n.生態(tài)；生態(tài)學(xué)17．_______n.榮幸18．________v.對待……如朋友19．________n.可靠性20．__________n.鼓舞；啟示；靈感,conventional,ecology,privilege,befriend,reliability,inspiration,Ⅱ.短語掃描1．___average平均2．__theformof以……形式3．setfoot___進入，到達4．come____sight進入視野5．comeup____想出；找出,on,in,on,into,with,6．keepone’sspirits___精神抖擻7．discouragesb.____doingsth.阻止某人做某事8．in____of如果；假使9．__greatdetail詳細地10．____arisk冒險,up,from,case,in,take,Ⅲ.原句突破1．Coveringabout14millionsquarekilometresaroundtheSouthPole，itis________________________________________________________(是世界第五大洲)．【答案】thefifthlargestcontinentintheworld,2．It______________________________________________(Shackleton花費了17天的時間才到達)SouthGeorgia.【答案】tookShackleton17daystoreach3．YetAntarcticaisfullofwildlife，________________________________________________________(它們已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了那里極其惡劣的條件)．【答案】whichhasadaptedtoitsextremeconditions,4．SincemostAntarcticrocksaredarkincolour，they________________________(在白色冰雪的映襯下格外顯眼)andareeasytoidentifyandcollect.【答案】standoutagainstthewhitebackground5．Butwhenlandcameintosight，theEndurance____________________(陷在冰塊里并開始解體)andbegantobreakup.【答案】becametrappedintheice,state[C]狀態(tài)，情況，形勢bein/getintoastate興奮，緊張，焦慮Thebuildingwasinabadstate.那棟建筑物情況很糟。,Hewasinapoorstateofhealth.他的健康狀況不佳。Lookatthestateofyou！Youcan’tgooutlookinglikethat.看看你這副樣子，你可不能就這么出去。Hewasquiteinastate.他十分激動/緊張。,vt.陳述，表明，說出，聲明Stateyournameandaddress，please.請說出你的名字和地址。ThePrimeMinisterstatedthathewouldvisitCanadathenextyear.首相聲明明年他將訪問加拿大。,1.Schoolchildrenmustbetaughthowtodealwithdangerous________.A．StatesB．conditionsC．situationsD．positions,【解析】句意為：學(xué)生必須接受如何應(yīng)付危險情況的教育。states狀態(tài)，狀況，情況。如：aconfusedstateofmind思緒紛亂。conditions(居住、工作或做事情的)環(huán)境，條件。如：livingconditions生活條件。situations情況；狀況，形勢，局面。如：beinadifficultsituation處境困難。positions位置，方位。如：Fromhispositionontheclifftop，hehadagoodviewoftheharbour.他站在懸崖之巔，海港景色一覽無遺。根據(jù)各項中單詞的不同應(yīng)用，結(jié)合整個句子?！敬鸢浮緾,promotev．促進；促銷；提升；晉升promotesb.(fromsth.)tosth.把某人(從某職位)提升到某職位bepromotedto...被升為……promotedevelopment/understanding促進發(fā)展/加深了解Theorganizationworkstopromotefriendshipbetweenthetwonations.該組織為了促進兩國之間的友誼而工作。,Thecompanywaspromotingtheirnewproductsontelevision.這家公司正在電視上宣傳他們的新產(chǎn)品。Theseseriesofpolicieswillpromoteeconomicgrowth.這一系列的政策將會促進經(jīng)濟增長。I’mhappytoinformyouthatyouhavebeenpromotedtocaptain.我很高興地告訴你，你已經(jīng)被提升為上尉了。,promotionn．促進，發(fā)揚，提升(拔)，晉升；促銷產(chǎn)品get/win/gainpromotion得到/爭取晉升Theyworkedforthepromotionofworldpeace.他們?yōu)榇龠M世界和平而努力。Congratulationsonyourpromotion.祝賀你提升。,2.Hehasbeen________togeneralmanagerbecauseofhisexcellentworkinthecompany.A．proposedB．producedC．promotedD．Programmed【解析】句意為：由于他在公司里的出色表現(xiàn)，他被提升到了總經(jīng)理的位置上。promote“提升”符合句意。propose建議；produce生產(chǎn)；program計劃，均與句意不符?！敬鸢浮緾,trapvt.把……困在，使陷于(尤指危險之地)；使落網(wǎng)betrappedin被困在……trapsb.into(doing)sth.用計捕捉某人或使某人上當Shewastrappedintheburninghouse.她被困在燃燒著的房子里了。,Twentyminersweretrappedundergroundafterthefire.起火后有二十名礦工被困在地下。IwastrappedintoadmittingthatIhadlied.我中了圈套，承認自己撒謊了。,n.陷阱，困境，圈套set/layatrap布好陷阱becaughtinatrapof...陷入……的困境Iknewperfectlywellitwasatrap.我很清楚那是一個陷阱。Thepolicesetatrapforthethieves.警察設(shè)下了圈套捉小偷。Hewascaughtinatrapofpoverty.他陷入了貧困的窘境。,3.________inlovelessmarriages，manywomenfeelthatlifeiscolorless.A．TotrapB．TrappingC．TrappedD．Tobetrapped【解析】句意為：很多婦女陷入沒有愛情的婚姻而感到生活沒有色彩。此處trap與邏輯主語manywomen之間為動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作原因狀語?！敬鸢浮緾,discouragev．阻止；使喪失勇氣，打消……的念頭IleavealightonwhenI’mouttodiscourageburglars.我出門時開著燈以防夜盜闖入。Studentssoongetdiscouragedifyoucriticizethemtoooften.如果你批評學(xué)生次數(shù)太多的話，他們很快就會泄氣的。,Theraindiscouragedusfromgoingout.雨打消了我們外出的念頭。Herparentsdiscourageherfromjoiningtheairforce.她的父母勸她不要參加空軍。Don’tbediscouragedbythefirstfailure—tryagain!第一次失敗，別灰心喪氣——再試一次。,(1)discouragedadj.感到泄氣的discouragingadj.令人泄氣的discouragementn．沮喪，氣餒，泄氣，使人泄氣的事物(2)encouragevt.鼓勵encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵某人做某事discouragesb.fromdoingsth.勸某人不要做某事,4.Peopleshould____theirchildren___beingaddictedtocomputergamesbut___themtostudyscientificknowledge.A．encourage；to；discourageB．discourage；to；encourageC．encourage；from；discourageD．discourage；from；encourage,【解析】句意為：父母應(yīng)當阻止孩子沉溺于電腦游戲，但要鼓勵他們學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)知識。discouragesb.fromdoingsth.勸阻某人做某事；encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵某人做某事?！敬鸢浮緿,privilegen．榮幸；光榮；特權(quán)；權(quán)利；優(yōu)惠待遇enjoyprivileges享受特權(quán)Ihopetohavetheprivilegeofworkingwiththemagain.但愿有幸與他們再度合作。,Educationshouldbeauniversalrightandnotaprivilege.教育應(yīng)當是全民的權(quán)利而非某些人的特權(quán)。Itwasaprivilegetohearhersing.聽她唱歌是一樁很榮幸的事。,privilegedadj.有特權(quán)的theprivilegedclasses特權(quán)階級Asthemembersofthecompany，sometimeswecanenjoytheprivileges.作為公司員工，有時我們可以享受一些特權(quán)。Iamprivilegedtohaveadistinguishedguestwithmetonight.我今晚有幸與一位貴賓在一起。,5.It’sagreat________toknowyou，aworldfamousphysicsscientist.A．precautionB．privilegeC．privacyD．prescription【解析】privilege“榮幸”符合句意。precaution預(yù)防，警戒；privacy隱居，隱私，秘密；prescription處方，藥方，均與句意不符?！敬鸢浮緽,adaptto(＝adjustto)適應(yīng)(新環(huán)境等)adaptoneselftosth.使某人適應(yīng)(新環(huán)境等)WhenhemovedtoChina，thechildrenadaptedtothechangeverywell.他移居中國后孩子們很快適應(yīng)了變化。,Hecouldnotadapthiswayoflifetothecompany.他的生活方式無法適應(yīng)公司的要求。Shealwaysadaptedeasilytonewcircumstances.她總是很容易使自己適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。,adaptvt.改編，改裝adaptanovel(play)改編小說(劇本)adaptsth.(forsth.)修改某事物；使某事物適合于新的用途、情況等Difficultbooksaresometimesadaptedforuseinschools.難度大一點的書有時候在很多學(xué)校會修改后使用。,6.Thestudentsmustmastertheknowledgeandskillsnecessaryforthemto________thesocialcircumstances.A．sticktoB．a(chǎn)dapttoC．refertoD．leadto【解析】adaptto適應(yīng)，適合；stickto堅持；referto參閱；leadto通向，導(dǎo)致?！敬鸢浮緽,setfooton/in...踏上，進入，到達，涉足Nobodyhaseversetfootonthelonelyisland.從未有人踏上過那座孤島。Ivowednevertosetfootintheplaceagain.我發(fā)誓再不去那個地方了。Itoldhimnevertosetfootin/onmyhouseagain.我告訴他再也別踏進我家的門。,setabout(doingsth.)開始；著手做某事setouttodosth.著手做某事setoff動身/出發(fā)/開始做某事(后接不定式)；使爆炸setaside/apart留出，存儲，放在一邊setup豎起來，建立；創(chuàng)(紀錄)Wewillsetaboutpreparingsupper.我們要開始準備晚飯了。,Eachmonthshetriedtosetasidepartofhersalary.每個月她都設(shè)法留出工資的一部分。Theybothhavesetoffonajourneyroundtheworld.他們倆已踏上周游世界的旅程了。Let’ssetupthetentfirst.我們先把帳篷搭起來。,7.NorwegiancalledCarstensBorchgrevinkbecamethefirstmanto________theAntarcticmainland.A．setforthB．setupC．setfootonD．setoff,【解析】setforth意為“啟程”；setup意為“建立”；setfooton意為“到達”；setoff意為“動身；使……爆炸”。句意為“……第一個到達南極洲大陸的人”?！敬鸢浮緾,comeinto/insight進入視野，出現(xiàn)，看到We’llfireassoonastheenemycomeintosight.敵人一進入視野我們就開火。Soonthetruckcameintosightaroundabendonanupgrade.不一會兒卡車就出現(xiàn)在斜坡的一個拐彎處。,(1)at(the)sightof一看見(某人/某物)就……TheyalllaughedatthesightofoldJohnsondancingwithagirlofsixteen.他們看到老約翰遜與一位十六歲的女孩跳舞，全都大笑。Wearenotyetoutofsightofland.我們?nèi)钥煽匆婈懙亍?(3)catchsightof發(fā)現(xiàn)，突然看到Ifyouevercatchsightofhimanywhere，callthepolice.如果你在任何地方看見他，就去報警。(4)losesightof看不見，忽略，失去……的音信Wecannotlosesightofthefactthatshehascomebackwiththedangerousanimal.我們切不可忽略她帶著那危險的動物回來的事實。,8.(2008年天津卷)Attherailwaystation，themotherwavedgoodbyetoherdaughteruntilthetrainwas________.A．outofsightB．outofreachC．outoforderD．outofplace,【解析】句意為：在車站，母親向女兒揮手告別直到火車從她的視野中消失。outofsight看不見，在視野之外；outofreach夠不到，力所不能及的；outoforder混亂的；outofplace不適合的，不恰當?shù)??！敬鸢浮緼,incaseof如果；假使；萬一Wewon’tgothereincaseofraintomorrow.如果明天下雨，我們就不去那里了。Incaseoffire，breaktheglassandpushthealarmbutton.發(fā)生火災(zāi)的時候，打破玻璃，按下警報器的按鈕。,(1)incase假如，以免(防)(常引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句)Youhadbettertakeyourumbrellaincaseitrains.你最好帶把雨傘，以防天下雨。(2)innocase無論如何；決不(innocase置于句首時，句子用部分倒裝)Wewillinnocaseusenuclearweaponsfirst.無論如何我們都不會首先使用核武器。,(3)inanycase在任何情況下，總之Wecan’tbelateinanycase.在任何情況下我們都不能遲到。(4)inthis/thatcase如果這樣/那樣的話，在這種/那種情況下Ifyoucomelateagain，youwillbedismissed.Inthatcase，youwillbehelpless.如果你再遲到一次，就會被解雇的。那樣的話，沒有人能幫你的忙。,9.(2007年重慶卷)Myparentsliveinasmallvillage.Theyalwayskeepcandlesinthehouse________thereisapowercut.A．ifB．unlessC．incaseD．sothat,【解析】本題考查incase引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。根據(jù)句意，后半句意為“以防停電”。incase以防，以免?！敬鸢浮緾,10．(2007年天津卷)________fire，allexitsmustbekeptclear.A．InplaceofB．InsteadofC．IncaseofD．Inspiteof【解析】句意為：為防火災(zāi)，所有疏散通道務(wù)必暢通。A.inplaceof＝B.insteadof(取代，替代)。D.inspiteof(盡管)。只有C.incaseof(以防……)符合題意?！敬鸢浮緾,11．(2005年浙江卷)—I’mafraidMrWoodcan’tseeyouuntil4o’clock.—Oh，________Iwon’twait.A．nodoubtB．a(chǎn)fterallC．inthatcaseD．inthisway,【解析】此題考查短語的用法。nodoubt毫無疑問，afterall畢竟，inthatcase要是那樣的話，inthisway用這種方法。答語為“要是那樣的話我就不等了”?！敬鸢浮緾,Becarefultoleavenothingbutfootprints.注意，除了腳印，別留下任何東西。(1)nothingbut是習(xí)慣用語，在此表示“只有……；不過是”，含義相當于only。but常與帶否定意義的詞連用。Wecouldseenothingbuttrees.我們只看見一些樹。Heisnothingbutachild.他只不過是個孩子。,(2)nothingbut還可表示“除……之外別無……”，后面接動詞時，表示“只有做”，該動詞通常用不帶to的動詞不定式(即動詞原形)。IdidnothingbutwatchTVlastnight.昨晚我除了看電視什么都沒做。,but后面的動詞不定式符號to的使用與否取決于前面的句子。如果句子前面有實義動詞do及其變化形式時，不定式不帶to；否則不定式帶to。thereisnothingtodobutdosth.只得做某事havenochoicebuttodosth.除了……別無選擇,Hecoulddonothingbutgototheteacherforadvice.他只有去找老師請教。Iwantednothingbuttogetmyshareofpay.我什么都不要，只要我該得的那份工資。Ihadnochoicebuttoaccepthisdemand.除了接受他的要求，我別無選擇。,12.LastnightIdidnothingbut________myfarmtools.A．repairB．repairingC．torepairD．repaired【答案】A,Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．You’dbetterwearahat，oryou’llgets________.【答案】sunburnt2．Ihaven’tstartedwritingthearticleyet—I’mstillwaitingfori________.【答案】inspiration,3．I’me________sorrytohavetroubledyou.【答案】extremely4．TheSouthPoleisn’ti________byanyoneuptonow.【答案】inhabited5．Christmasisana________festivalformostofthepeopleintheworld.【答案】annual,6．Itisa________foramantowearwomen’sclothes.【答案】abnormal7．Studentssoongetd________ifyoucriticizethemtoooften.【答案】discouraged8．The________(最低的)temperatureinwinterinmyhometownisupto－20℃.【答案】minimum,9．Medicalassistanceisavailableincaseofan________(緊急情況)．【答案】emergency10．Itwasa________(榮幸)tomakehisacquaintance.【答案】privilege,Ⅱ.短語運用incaseof，nothingbut，dueto，intheabsenceof，comeintosight，keepbalance，standout，setfooton，notuntil，keepone’spromise11．Themanwastooweak______inthewind.【答案】tokeepbalance,12．______oil，thecouplehavetowalktoworkinsteadofridingacar.【答案】Intheabsenceof13．Whodoyouthinkwasthefirstperson______Australia?【答案】tosetfooton14．Takeanumbrella______rainthisafternoon.【答案】incaseof,15．Itwas______darkthathearrivedhome.【答案】notuntil16．Thatdressismakingyou_____inthecrowd，soeveryonecanrecognizeyou.【答案】standout17．Asmalltown_______asweturnedthecorner.【答案】cameintosight,18．Thereis_______asmallcardinthebox.【答案】nothingbut19．Themerchantishonestandalways_____.【答案】keepshispromise20．Theprojecthadtobeabandonedlargely_______alackofgovernmentfunding.【答案】dueto,Ⅲ.完成句子21．她費了很大勁才適應(yīng)了這艱苦的環(huán)境。Shehadsomedifficulty________________________________________________.【答案】inadaptingtothehardenvironment,22．過小橋時，我盡力保持平衡。Itriedto________________________________________________thesmallbridge.【答案】keepmybalancewhenIcrossed,23．我確信哈利會記得的，但為以防萬一，為什么不給他打個電話呢？I’msureHarrywillremember，butwhynot________________________________________________________？【答案】givehimaringjustincase,24．你應(yīng)該權(quán)衡一下利弊。Youshould___________againstthedisadvantages.【答案】balancetheadvantages25．我國正在努力吸引外資來發(fā)展國民經(jīng)濟。Ournationistryingtoattractforeigninvestmentto_________________.【答案】promoteournationaleconomy,