2019中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 簡(jiǎn)單句點(diǎn)撥+練習(xí).doc

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簡(jiǎn)單句 句子成分都由單詞或短語(yǔ)擔(dān)任，且只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫做簡(jiǎn)單句。初中階段我們需要重點(diǎn)掌握簡(jiǎn)單句的六種基本句型及其主要用法。 一、S + V（主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞） 這種句型簡(jiǎn)稱為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。不及物動(dòng)詞是指那些本身意義已完整，后面不需要接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如come, go, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall等。如： —Did you go by sea？你們走的是海路嗎？ —No, we flew. 不，我們是坐飛機(jī)去的。 有時(shí)，不及物動(dòng)詞后面會(huì)跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等作狀語(yǔ)。如：　 Why don’t you come at once when I call you? 我叫你時(shí)，你為什么不馬上來(lái)？ 【練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】 Ⅰ. 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成下列英語(yǔ)句子，每空一詞。 1. 他在聽(tīng)。 He _____ _____. 2. 昨晚你睡得好嗎？ Did you _____ _____ last night? 3. 這場(chǎng)雨持續(xù)了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 The rain _____ _____ two hours. 4. 事物總是變化的。 Things always _____. 5. 他來(lái)中國(guó)的夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。 His dream to China _____ _____ _____. Ⅱ. 單項(xiàng)選擇 ( )6. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. You’d better ______. A. waitB. waitingC. waitedD. to wait ( )7. It _____ outside. I have to stay at home. A. rain B. is rainingC. rained D. has rained ( )8. —Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? —Yes, I did. My uncle ______ in the match. A. is playingB. was playingC. has playedD. will play ( )9. —What did your father say just now? —Sorry, I don’t know. I ______ on the phone. A. am talkingB. talkC. was talkingD. have talked ( )10. You ______ first and I ______ behind. A. go; was followingB. will go; follow C. will go; followedD. go; will follow 二、S + V + P（主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)） 系動(dòng)詞通常與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)等。表語(yǔ)通常由名詞、形容詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句等充當(dāng)。常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等。如： All her friends are now outside the door. 她的所有朋友現(xiàn)在都在門外。 The milk turned sour. 牛奶變酸了。 【練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】 翻譯下面的漢語(yǔ)句子。 1. 他感到有點(diǎn)累。 ______________________________ 2. 這聽(tīng)起來(lái)是個(gè)好主意。 ______________________________ 3. 海倫在家嗎？ ______________________________ 4. 我的電腦在書房里。 ______________________________ 5. 他的夢(mèng)想是成為一名醫(yī)生。 ______________________________ 6. 我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是游泳。 ______________________________ 7. 問(wèn)題是你想干什么。 ______________________________ 8. 他總是樂(lè)于助人。 ______________________________ 9. 這盤菜聞起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。 ______________________________ 10. 那個(gè)女孩是我的妹妹。 ______________________________ 三、S + V + O（主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)） 及物動(dòng)詞后面必須接賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思。賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，一般由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。如： He’s having lunch. 他正在吃午餐。 I prefer standing. 我寧愿站著。 He promised to lend me some books. 他答應(yīng)借給我?guī)妆緯? 【練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】 Ⅰ. 找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)。 1. He handed in his homework this morning.____________ 2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim. ____________ 3. He forgot which way to go. ____________ 4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? ____________ 5. I’ll do what I can. ____________ Ⅱ. 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成下列英語(yǔ)句子，每空一詞。 6. 你認(rèn)識(shí)這些人嗎？ Do you _________ _________ _________? 7. 今天早上他完成了報(bào)告。 He _________ _________ _________ this morning. 8. 現(xiàn)在我來(lái)自我介紹一下。 Now I’ll _________ _________. 9. 他已經(jīng)決定搬到北京去了。 He has decided _________ _________ _________ Beijing. 10. 我不記得事故是什么時(shí)候發(fā)生的。 I don’t remember _________ the accident _________. 四、S + V + IO + DO（主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)） 有些及物動(dòng)詞，如hand, give, throw, lend, sing, read, write, buy, leave, make, pass, tell, get 等可以帶雙賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)指人，稱為間接賓語(yǔ)；另一個(gè)指物，稱為直接賓語(yǔ)。及物動(dòng)詞帶雙賓語(yǔ)通常有以下兩種結(jié)構(gòu)： 1. 及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ) 2. 及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+to / for+間接賓語(yǔ) 【練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】 Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的直接賓語(yǔ)。 1. She gave me her telephone number. _________________ 2. Bring me some water, please. _________________ 3. I’ll make you some fresh tea. _________________ 4. He sang us a folk song. _________________ 5. She showed me her paintings. _________________ Ⅱ. 將下列句子改為同義句。 6. Tom gave me a nice pen. Tom ______ a nice pen _____ me. 7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt. My mother ______ a pink skirt ______ my little sister. 8. She cooked us a delicious meal. She ______ a delicious meal _____ us. 9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt. Tim ______ his nice T-shirt _____ me. 10. She made me a cup of coffee. She ______ a cup of coffee ______ me. 【溫馨提示】 ◆某些動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的間接賓語(yǔ)可改為to引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)，這類動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email等。如： Can you lend us your car? 你能把車借給我們嗎？ →Can you lend your car to us? ◆某些動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的間接賓語(yǔ)可改為for引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)，這類動(dòng)詞有buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay等。如： My uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔給我買了一塊表。 →My uncle bought a watch for me. 五、S + V + O + OC（主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)） 有些及物動(dòng)詞加上賓語(yǔ)后，它的意思表達(dá)還是不完整，這就需要再加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)來(lái)使句子的意思完整。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)通常由形容詞、副詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、V-ing形式等充當(dāng)。如： Please don’t call me Lucy. 請(qǐng)不要叫我露西。 I found the box empty. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)箱子是空的。 The teacher told us to do some exercises. 老師要我們做一些練習(xí)題。 【練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】 Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 1. They call their daughter Mary. ___________ 2. Don’t leave me behind. _____________ 3. I wish you to be happy. _____________ 4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. ____________ 5. Good food keeps you healthy. ____________ Ⅱ. 翻譯下面的漢語(yǔ)句子。 6. 他們請(qǐng)我和他們一道去。 ______________________________ 7. 我剛才看見(jiàn)她在跟簡(jiǎn)談話。 ______________________________ 8. 你認(rèn)為這部電影精彩嗎？ ______________________________ 9. 你建議我做什么？ ______________________________ 10. 你注意到他進(jìn)來(lái)了嗎？ ______________________________ 六、there be句型 there be句型主要用來(lái)表示“某地有某物或某人”。如果be動(dòng)詞后面有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)，be動(dòng)詞的選用需要遵循“就近原則”。如： There is a dictionary, three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一本字典，三本書和一支鋼筆。 【練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】 Ⅰ. 單項(xiàng)選擇 ( ) 1. There ______ ice on the road last week. A. wasB. wereC. will beD. are ( ) 2. There ______ a football match on the playground this afternoon. A. will have B. is going to have C. is haveD. is going to be ( ) 3. There _____ to be something wrong with him. A. is B. wasC. seemsD. are ( ) 4. There will be enough food for everybody, _______? A. won’t it B. won’t there C. isn’t itD. aren’t there ( ) 5. There _______ more than two hundred people killed in road accidents since last month. A. was B. wereC. have been D. are Ⅱ. 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成下列英語(yǔ)句子，每空一詞。 6. 一個(gè)男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩。 _____ _____ a boy _____ with a dog in the yard. 7. 以前在街道拐角處有一家商店。 ______ _____ _____ _____ a shop on the corner of the street. 8. 可能會(huì)有一個(gè)更好的辦法來(lái)做這件事。 _____ _____ _____ a better way to do this. 9. 沒(méi)有空氣就沒(méi)有聲音. _____ _____ _____ sound without air. 10. 沒(méi)有時(shí)間再等你了。 _____ ______ no time _____ _____ _____ you. Key： 一、Ⅰ. 1. is listening 2. sleep well3. lasted for 4. change 5. has come true Ⅱ. 6-10 ABBCD 二、 1. He feels a little tired. 2. It sounds a good idea. 3. Is Helen in?4. My computer is in the study. 5. His dream is to become a doctor.6. My favorite sport is swimming. 7. The question is what you want to do. 8. He is always ready to help others. 9. The dish smells good.10. The girl is my sister. 三、Ⅰ. 1. his homework 2. yourself 3. which way to go 4. waiting 5. what I can Ⅱ. 6. know these people 7. finished his report 8. introduce myself 9. to move to 10. when; happened 四、Ⅰ. 1. her telephone number 2. some water 3. some fresh tea 4. a folk song 5. her paintings Ⅱ. 6. gave; to 7. bought; for 8. cooked; for 9. showed; to 10. made; for 五、Ⅰ.1. Mary 2. behind 3. to be happy 4. chatting with Nancy 5. healthy Ⅱ. 6. They asked me to go with them. 7. I saw her talking with Jane just now. 8. Do you think the movie wonderful? 9. What do you advise me to do? 10. Did you notice him come in? 六、Ⅰ. 1-5 ADCBC Ⅱ. 6. There is; playing7. There used to be 8. There might be 9. There is no 10. There is; to wait for