2019版中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 完形填空專講專練.doc

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2019版中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 完形填空專講專練 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇完形填空中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長難句。 2. 掌握完形填空的解題技巧，并能夠指出本篇完形填空中運用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過完形填空高頻詞、長難句等語料的積累，及完形填空解題技巧的練習(xí)，靈活應(yīng)對各種完形填空題。 名師點撥 知識篇 “巧婦難為無米之炊”，在英語學(xué)習(xí)的過程中，語料的積累至關(guān)重要。對于完形填空高頻詞和長難句的梳理，能夠為我們今后的學(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛的同學(xué)，老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長難句，快來看看你掌握了嗎？ 一、高頻詞 【課前檢測學(xué)生的詞匯量儲備, 以教師提問的形式進行。具體使用中可以刪去詞義詞性部分，給小例句提示。并標(biāo)記出學(xué)生的實際掌握情況（優(yōu)—良—差）】 單詞 詞性及詞義 示例 備注 掌握情況 including prep.包括…在內(nèi) Many patients were helped by Michael, including a little baby… expected adj.預(yù)料的；預(yù)期的 Chris entered the world earlier than expected. rise n./v. 上升；升起；提高 His temperature rose quickly… 相關(guān)詞：raise choose v.選擇 相關(guān)詞:-chose-chosen reenter v.再次進入 相關(guān)詞: “re-”表示“再；又”的前綴，如rewrite lose v.丟失；失去 相關(guān)詞:lose—lost—lost ; lose oneself in control v./n.控制 相關(guān)詞:under control; out of control badly adv.1)差的2)很;非常 3)嚴(yán)重的 They are badly in need of help. …a truck hit his car badly… realize v.意識到 imagine v.想象 相關(guān)詞: imagination arrive v.到達；到來 相關(guān)詞: arrival believe v.信任；相信 相關(guān)詞: belief affect v.影響 相關(guān)詞: influence pass v.1)路過2)遞3)及格 4)時間流逝 leave v. 1)離開 2)留下 3)丟下 leaving hints to my parents I left my bag on the bus. follow v. 1)跟著2)沿著(道路) 3)聽從 4)理解 Why didn’t you follow my advice Sorry, I can’t follow you. report v./n.報告；報道 complain v.抱怨；埋怨 相關(guān)詞: complaint touch v.1)觸摸 2)感動 n.1)觸覺 2)觸碰 3)聯(lián)系 Her story touched us all deeply. I’m trying to get in touch with him. message n.信息；消息 chance n.機會 effort n.努力 You should put more effort into your work. record v.1)記錄 2)錄音 n.1)記錄 2)紀(jì)錄 3)唱片 encourage v.鼓勵 相關(guān)詞: encouragement be known for 因…而出名 There Michael was known for his hard work. be trapped in 陷入…困境 He was trapped in his car watching fire rise up around his legs. in time 及時 相關(guān)詞: on time hold back 1)抑制(感情)2)隱瞞 3)阻攔 …all he could do was to hold back tears. 二、長難句 【課前檢測學(xué)生的句型儲備, 以教師提問的形式進行?？梢愿鶕?jù)提示分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子翻譯?！? 1. Many patients were helped by Michael, including a little baby called Chris. 結(jié)構(gòu)分析：_________________________________________________________________________________ 本句含有“過去分詞作定語”的結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾名詞“baby”。 句子翻譯：_________________________________________________________________________________ 很多病人都得到過Michael的幫助，其中包括一個叫Chris的小嬰兒。 仿句練習(xí)：中國的很多城市都發(fā)生了很大的變化，包括以西湖而聞名的杭州。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Great changes have taken place in China, including Hangzhou known for its West Lake. 2. What Michael did meant the world to Chris parents, especially the next day when Michael __34__ to them that their babys fever had gone. 結(jié)構(gòu)分析：_________________________________________________________________________________ 本句含有1. What引導(dǎo)的主語從句； 2. When 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾名詞the next day； 3.that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 句子翻譯：_________________________________________________________________________________ 對Chris的父母來說，Michael所做的意味著全世界，尤其是第二天Michael______他們他們的baby已經(jīng)退燒了。 仿句練習(xí)：我永遠都不會忘記這個暑假，特別是我們一起追蝴蝶的那天。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ I’ll never forget this summer vacation, especially the day when we chased the butterflies together. 3. What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30 years later. 結(jié)構(gòu)分析：_________________________________________________________________________________ 本句含有1. What引導(dǎo)的主語從句；2.how引導(dǎo)的表語從句。 句子翻譯：_________________________________________________________________________________ Michael從沒有預(yù)料到的是30年后Chris會怎樣再次進入他的生活。 仿句練習(xí)：我想知道的是我們要如何準(zhǔn)時完成這個任務(wù)。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ What I want to know is how we can finish the task on time. 4. He was trapped in his car watching fire rise up around his legs. 結(jié)構(gòu)分析：_________________________________________________________________________________ 本句含有“doing 做伴隨狀語”的結(jié)構(gòu)。 句子翻譯：_________________________________________________________________________________ 他被困在車?yán)锟粗鹪谒鹊乃闹苋紵饋怼? 仿句練習(xí)：我們安靜的坐著，認(rèn)真地聽老師講課。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ We sat quietly, listening to the teacher carefully. 5. When Michael realized that the little baby he once saved had just saved him, all he could do was to hold back tears. 結(jié)構(gòu)分析：_________________________________________________________________________________ 本句含有1.when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句 2.時間狀語從句中又含有that引導(dǎo)的定語從句和省略引導(dǎo)詞的定語從句 3.主句部分含有省略引導(dǎo)詞的定語從句和“to do做表語”的結(jié)構(gòu)。 句子翻譯：_________________________________________________________________________________ 當(dāng)Michael意識到他曾經(jīng)救過的那個小嬰兒剛剛救了他的性命，他所能做的就是抑制回自己的眼淚。 仿句練習(xí)：當(dāng)我意識到愛和感恩是多么的重要時，我所能做的就是盡力去幫助那些急需幫助的人們。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ When I realized how important love and gratitude was, all I could do is to help those badly in need of help. 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍。”只有語料的積累，沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對于完形填空解題方法的梳理，能夠幫助我們更好地理解完形填空的命題邏輯，在有足夠語料積累的基礎(chǔ)上，能夠幫助我們爭取高分。 親愛的同學(xué)，老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了完形填空的解題技巧，快來看看你掌握了多少？ 一、完形填空解題步驟 第一步 通讀全文，把握脈絡(luò) 跳過空格，速讀全文，把握大意。注意文中的語篇關(guān)鍵詞，和句中的連詞，如but出現(xiàn)后就說明句子強調(diào)的重點是but后面的內(nèi)容；再如代詞it指代的定是前文的單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞。找到關(guān)鍵詞可以幫助我們掌握文章的大概意思及其想要傳達的寓意。 第二步 瞻前顧后，上下求索 聯(lián)系上下文，運用解題策略從句子、段落、語篇層面解題，抓住文章中的上下文線索詞?！揪唧w的解題策略會在下一部分詳細描述】 第三步 再讀文章，核查答案 代入答案，再讀全文，反復(fù)檢查，爭取做到： 結(jié)構(gòu)正確+語義通順+邏輯合理。 二、完形填空解題策略 方法 方法一：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法 解釋 “詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)”是指某一詞匯以原詞、詞形變化(如protect和protection)、同義詞/近義詞(如road和trail)、反義詞(如wrong和 correct)、上下義詞(上下義是指詞的總結(jié)和分解關(guān)系，上義詞是總稱詞，下義詞是被包含的個體或種類。如adult是my father的上義詞；coat是clothes的下義詞) 等重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語篇之中。 例題 例1：He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his ___________, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness 【分析：通過上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因為他的“善良友好”他很受歡迎。故選D?！? 例2：The old man tends to forget things from time to time. In other words, he is more and more _________. A. forgetful B. unforgettable C. easy-going D. hard-working 【分析：通過上文“The old man tends to forget things from time to time”，由“forget”可知他越來越“健忘”。故選A。（forgetful“健忘的”，unforgettable“難忘的”。）】 方法 方法二：上下文推理法 解釋 “上下文推理法”是指根據(jù)對上下文的語義和整個語篇的理解，進行適當(dāng)?shù)耐评砼袛?，因此需重點注意挖空處的上下文語境，判斷清楚所要表達的含義。 例題 例：When we talked, I discovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little __17__ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class. 17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later 【分析：通過上文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美國每節(jié)課是50分鐘，中國每節(jié)課是40分鐘，根據(jù)上下文可以推斷出美國的課時比中國的長，故選B?！? 方法 方法三：邏輯推理法 解釋 “邏輯推理法”是根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系（如因果、并列、讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折、時間順序、目的、條件、選擇等）進行適當(dāng)?shù)耐评砼袛啵虼诵杼貏e注意挖空處表示邏輯關(guān)系的連詞（如and表并列，but和however表轉(zhuǎn)折，so表因果，first of all、then和finally表順序等）。 例題 例：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he can’t sing 6 . 6. A. badly B. easily C. well D. excitedly 【分析：通過上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和連詞“but”，可以推斷出前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此處想要表達的含義是“喜歡但唱得不好”，故選C?！? 方法 方法四：文化背景常識法 解釋 “文化背景常識法”是指完形填空的文章內(nèi)容往往與我們的文化生活、史地知識、生活科技等相關(guān)，有些內(nèi)容是我們已經(jīng)掌握的生活常識，答題時要充分調(diào)動相關(guān)知識幫助我們分析、推斷。事實上，該技巧與“邏輯推斷”常常交織在一起的，因為雖有背景常識，仍需簡單推理。需注意中外文化的差異性，不能總是用中國人看問題的角度來看待其它國家發(fā)生的事情。 例題 例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鯨魚) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger 2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest 【分析：第1題，眾所周知：大象是陸地上最大的動物，故選A. biggest。 第2題，眾所周知：鯨魚生活在大海里，故選C. sea?！? 方法 方法五：固定搭配法 解釋 完形填空以語境考查為主，但也有小部分題目考查語法知識、固定搭配和固定句型，解題過程中我們需要結(jié)合所學(xué)固定搭配選出正確答案。 例題 例1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking … 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to 【分析：考查固定短語“pay attention to注意”，故選D。】 例2：…but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took 【分析：考查固定短語“take photos拍照”，故選D?！? 語篇精講 障礙閱讀 【遵循完形填空“先完意，后完形”的原則，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生在障礙閱讀的前提下領(lǐng)悟文章的主要意思，防止學(xué)生理解跑偏】 （朝陽二模）After medical school, Michael moved to Southern California. He became a 3l at Mission Community Hospital. There Michael was known for his hard work. Many patients were helped by Michael, including a little baby called Chris. In August 1985, Chris entered the world earlier than expected, weighing only 1.5 kg. A few month later he was back in the hospital. His temperature rose quickly with all the symptoms of meningitis（腦膜炎癥狀）. Michael didnt 32 this young patients side. “Anything could have gone wrong at that point, so I stayed there through the night to make sure everything was done 33 , ” Michael said. What Michael did meant the world to Chris parents, especially the next day when Michael 34 to them that their babys fever had gone. Then Chris parents chose Michael to be their sons doctor for his childhood. When Chris finished primary school, the two lost 35 . What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30 years later. At around 5 a. m. on March 29, xx, Michael was driving home when suddenly a truck 36 control and hit his car badly in front of him.“Then I felt heat and looked down and could see fire around my legs! ”As he tried to open the door, he realized it was 37 . He was trapped（使…陷入困境）in his car watching fire rise up around his legs. After more than 40 years helping others as a doctor, suddenly he needed 38 . But he could never have imagined where it would come from. Luckily, less than a mile away, a group of firefighters（消防隊員）were coming. Guess who was in this group? It was Chris. They arrived there in time. They helped Michael out of the car and sent him to the hospital. As Chris learned the name of the person he had just saved, he said, “ I surely 39 him. But I couldnt believe it.” When Michael realized that the little baby he once saved had just saved him, all he could do was to hold back tears. “It really makes you think about 40 ,” Michael says, “Everything we do is so important and affects（影響）so many others.” 文章大意為（只給出關(guān)鍵詞即可）________________________________________________________________ 參考關(guān)鍵詞：Michael; helped; Chris; 30 years later ; saved him 參考答案：Michael saved a little baby called Chris and had been his doctor in his childhood. Thirty years later, when Michael was trapped in his car during an accident, it was Chris who saved him. 【注：程度比較好的學(xué)生可以進行無選項填空訓(xùn)練】 語篇練習(xí) 話題 體裁 詞數(shù) 建議用時 實際用時 正確率 難度 人物故事類 記敘文 392 12-15分鐘 __/10 （朝陽二模）After medical school, Michael moved to Southern California. He became a 3l at Mission Community Hospital. There Michael was known for his hard work. Many patients were helped by Michael, including a little baby called Chris. In August 1985, Chris entered the world earlier than expected, weighing only 1.5 kg. A few month later he was back in the hospital. His temperature rose quickly with all the symptoms of meningitis（腦膜炎癥狀）. Michael didnt 32 this young patients side. “Anything could have gone wrong at that point, so I stayed there through the night to make sure everything was done 33 , ” Michael said. What Michael did meant the world to Chris parents, especially the next day when Michael 34 to them that their babys fever had gone. Then Chris parents chose Michael to be their sons doctor for his childhood. When Chris finished primary school, the two lost 35 . What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30 years later. At around 5 a. m. on March 29, xx, Michael was driving home when suddenly a truck 36 control and hit his car badly in front of him.“Then I felt heat and looked down and could see fire around my legs! ”As he tried to open the door, he realized it was 37 . He was trapped（使…陷入困境）in his car watching fire rise up around his legs. After more than 40 years helping others as a doctor, suddenly he needed 38 . But he could never have imagined where it would come from. Luckily, less than a mile away, a group of firefighters（消防隊員）were coming. Guess who was in this group? It was Chris. They arrived there in time. They helped Michael out of the car and sent him to the hospital. As Chris learned the name of the person he had just saved, he said, “ I surely 39 him. But I couldnt believe it.” When Michael realized that the little baby he once saved had just saved him, all he could do was to hold back tears. “It really makes you think about 40 ,” Michael says, “Everything we do is so important and affects（影響）so many others.” 31.A. teacher B. driver C. doctor 　 D. worker 32. A. miss 　　 B. pass 　 C. leave 　 D. follow 33. A. fast 　　 B. right 　 C. warmly D. slowly 34. A. reported B. listened C. showed D. complained 35. A. hope 　 B. touch 　 C. trust 　 D. message 36. A. had 　 B. kept 　　 C. lost 　 D. took 37. A. open 　 B. shut 　 C. safe 　 D. cold 38. A. help 　 B. wish 　 C. chance D. effort 39. A. record B. interrupt C. encourage D. remember 40. A. study 　 B. dream C. time 　 D. life 語篇精講： 參考答案： 31—35 CCBAB 36—40 CBADD 文章大意：本文講述了一位叫作Michael的醫(yī)生很多年前救治了一名叫Chris的小嬰兒，多年后在一場車禍中，他又被Chris救命的故事。 答案解析：31. 通過上文“After medical school, Michael moved to Southern California.”，可知Michael學(xué)的是醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)，因此可推斷出他畢業(yè)后成為一名醫(yī)生。故選C。 32. 通過下文“I stayed there through the night…”可知Michael在那兒待了一晚上，可推斷出他沒有離開，故選C。 33. 通過上文“Anything could have gone wrong at that point”可知在那個時刻任何事情都很有可能出錯，因此可推斷出Michael留在那里是為了確保一切都正確，故選B。 34. 通過下文“their babys fever had gone”可知孩子退燒了，因此可推斷出作為醫(yī)生的Michael應(yīng)該是向孩子父母報告這件事情，故選A。 35. 通過下文“What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30 years later.”可知他們有很長時間失去了聯(lián)系，另外“l(fā)ose touch”為固定搭配，意為“失去聯(lián)系”。故選B。 36. 通過下文“…h(huán)it his car badly in front of him. “…could see fire around my legs! ””可知Michael出了車禍，因此可推斷出是那輛卡車失去了控制進而撞了Michael的車才導(dǎo)致的車禍，故選C。 37. 通過上文“he tried to open the door”和下文“He was trapped in his car”可知他困在車?yán)锪碎T打不開，故選B。 38. 通過上文“After more than 40 years helping others as a doctor”，可知Michael現(xiàn)在需要幫助，故選A。 39. 通過下文“Chris learned the name of the person he had just saved”可知當(dāng)年的那個小孩也就是現(xiàn)在的消防員Chris記起了當(dāng)年救他的醫(yī)生Michael，故選D。 40. 通過下文“Everything we do is so important and affects（影響）so many others.”可知這是Michael得出的一些生活感悟，故選D。 精講筆記 【學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下，回顧本講中積累的完形填空的知識和方法】 語篇中積累的詞匯【至少掌握10個】 單詞 詞性及詞義 單詞的運用（鼓勵學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句） realize … 語篇中的學(xué)到的方法 【根據(jù)具體教學(xué)情況歸納總結(jié)】【至少掌握2個】 方法一：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法 如：本篇文章中的38. (help )… 方法二：上下文推理法 方法三：邏輯推理法 方法四：文化背景常識法 方法五：固定搭配法 能力提升 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語翻譯 單詞 詞性及詞義 備注 1 including _________ 2 _________ adj.預(yù)料的；預(yù)期的 3 rise _________ 翻譯: His temperature rose quickly. _______________________________________ 4 _________ v.選擇 5 reenter _________ 相關(guān)詞: “re-”表示“______”的前綴 6 lose _________ 7 _________ v./n.控制 8 badly adv.1)差的2) ______ 3) ______ 提示：They are badly in need of help. …a truck hit his car badly… 9 _________ v.意識到 10 imagine _________ 名詞: ______ 11 arrive _________ 名詞: ______ 12 _________ v.信任；相信 13 affect _________ 14 _________ v.1)路過2)遞3)及格 4)時間流逝 15 leave v. 1) ______ 2) ______ 3) _____ 16 follow v. 1)跟著2)沿著(道路) 3) ______ 4) _______ 提示：Why didn’t you follow my advice？ Sorry, I can’t follow you. 17 report _________ 18 complain _________ 19 touch v.1)觸摸 2)________ n.1)觸覺 2)觸碰 3)_______ 翻譯：Her story touched us all deeply. _______________________________________ When Chris finished primary school, the two lost touch. _______________________________________ 20 message _________ 21 _________ n.機會 22 effort _________ 23 record _________ 24 encourage _________ 25 be known for _________ 26 be trapped in _________ 27 in time _________ 28 hold back _________ 二、句子翻譯 1. 很多病人都得到過Michael的幫助，其中包括一個叫Chris的小嬰兒。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 對Chris的父母來說，Michael所做的意味著全世界，尤其是第二天Michael告訴他們他們的baby已經(jīng)退燒了。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Michael從沒有預(yù)料到的是30年后Chris會怎樣再次進入他的生活。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 他被困在車?yán)锟粗鹪谒鹊乃闹苋紵饋怼? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 當(dāng)Michael意識到他曾經(jīng)救過的那個小嬰兒剛剛救了他的性命，他所能做的就是抑制回自己的眼淚。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 我們所做的一切是如此的重要并影響了如此多的人。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 完形練習(xí) （朝陽二模）Finally I got my driving license(駕照) last summer. Mom decided to go with me to take my first trip around an empty parking lot. I knew my mother was an excellent 31 . She had driven over 20 years without getting one ticket. However, I found that she was not the best teacher for me. It wasnt that she shouted, or told me that I was doing poorly. Her “helpful instructions” 32 managed to make me more nervous. Since I could no longer practice with her, the job was 33 in the hands of my father. The idea of learning from Dad was not so 34 . I loved him dearly, but I just did not see Dad as someone I could be comfortable learning from. He almost never talked. We shared a typical father-daughter relationship. He’d ask how school was, and I’d say it was fine. Unluckily, that was the most of our 35 . Spending several hours alone with someone who might as well have been a stranger really frightened me. As we got into the car that first time, I was not surprised at what happened. Dad and I drove around, saying almost nothing, except for a few instructions on how to turn. As my lessons went on, however, things began to 36 . Dad would turn the radio 37 so I could fully enjoy his favorite music. Then he actually began 38 . I was soon hearing about past failed dates, “basic body” gym class, and other stories from his past, including some of his first meeting with Mom. I thought why Dad was telling me so much in the car. In all the years that I had 39 why my father never spoke that much, I had never stopped to consider that it was because I had never stopped to listen. Homework, friends, and even TV had all called me away from him, and I never thought my 40 father had anything to say. Since I began driving with him, my driving skill has greatly increased. More important is that I got to know my father more and more. Just living with him wasn’t enough—it took driving with him for me to get to know someone who was a mystery(神秘). 31. A. doctor B. worker C. writer D. driver 32. A. ever B. only C. still D. yet 33. A. dropped B. returned C. placed D. started 34. A. exciting B. surprising C. moving D. hurting 35. A. instructions B. conversations C. introductions D. competitions 36. A. work B. appear C. change D. continue 37. A. over B. up C. off D. down 38. A. talking B. singing C. listening D. thinking 39. A. found B. expected C. wondered D. understood 40. A. strict B. proud C. honest D. quiet 參考答案 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語翻譯 單詞 詞性及詞義 備注 1 including prep.包括…在內(nèi) 2 expected adj.預(yù)料的；預(yù)期的 3 rise n./v. 上升；升起；提高 翻譯: His temperature rose quickly. 他的體溫升地很快。 4 choose v.選擇 5 reenter v.再次進入 相關(guān)詞: “re-”表示“再；又”的前綴 6 lose v.丟失；失去 7 control v./n.控制 8 badly adv.1)差的2)很;非常 3)嚴(yán)重的 提示：They are badly in need of help. …a truck hit hi